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---
title: USB Logging
---
import Tabs from '@theme/Tabs';
import TabItem from '@theme/TabItem';
## Overview
If you are developing ZMK on a device that does not have a built in UART for debugging and log/console output,
Zephyr can be configured to create a USB CDC ACM device and the direct all `printk`, console output, and log
messages to that device instead.
:::warning Battery Life Impact
Enabling logging increases the power usage of your keyboard, and can have a non-trivial impact to your time on battery.
It is recommended to only enable logging when needed, and not leaving it on by default.
:::
## Kconfig
The following KConfig values need to be set, either by copy and pasting into the `app/prj.conf` file, or by running
`west build -t menuconfig` and manually enabling the various settings in that UI.
:::note
If you are debugging your own keyboard in your [user config repository](./user-setup.md), use
`config/boards/shields/<your_keyboard>/<your_keyboard>.conf` instead of `app/prj.conf`. In Github
Actions, you can search the `Kconfig file` build log to verify the options above have been enabled
for you successfully.
:::
```
# Turn on logging, and set ZMK logging to debug output
CONFIG_LOG=y
CONFIG_ZMK_LOG_LEVEL_DBG=y
# Turn on USB CDC ACM device
CONFIG_USB=y
CONFIG_USB_DEVICE_STACK=y
CONFIG_USB_CDC_ACM=y
CONFIG_USB_CDC_ACM_RINGBUF_SIZE=1024
CONFIG_USB_CDC_ACM_DEVICE_NAME="CDC_ACM"
CONFIG_USB_CDC_ACM_DEVICE_COUNT=1
# Enable serial console
CONFIG_SERIAL=y
CONFIG_CONSOLE=y
CONFIG_UART_INTERRUPT_DRIVEN=y
CONFIG_UART_LINE_CTRL=y
# Enable USB UART, and set the console device
CONFIG_UART_CONSOLE=y
CONFIG_USB_UART_CONSOLE=y
CONFIG_UART_CONSOLE_ON_DEV_NAME="CDC_ACM_0"
CONFIG_USB_UART_DTR_WAIT=n
```
## Viewing Logs
After flashing the updated ZMK image, the board should expose a USB CDC ACM device that you can connect to and view the logs.
<Tabs
defaultValue="linux"
values={[
{label: 'Linux', value: 'linux'},
{label: 'Windows', value: 'win'},
{label: 'MacOS', value: 'macos'}
]}>
<TabItem value="linux">
On Linux, this should be a device like `/dev/ttyACM0` and you can connect with `minicom` or `tio` as usual, e.g.:
```
sudo tio /dev/ttyACM0
```
</TabItem>
<TabItem value="win">
On Windows, you can use [PuTTY](https://www.putty.org/). Once installed, use Device Manager to figure out which COM port your controller is communicating on (listed under 'Ports (COM & LPT)') and specify that as the 'Serial line' in PuTTY.
If you already have the Ardunio IDE installed you can also use its built-in Serial Monitor.
</TabItem>
<TabItem value="macos">
On MacOS, the device name is something like `/dev/tty.usbmodemXXXXX` where `XXXXX` is some numerical ID.
You can connect to the device with [tio](https://tio.github.io/) (can be installed via [Homebrew](https://formulae.brew.sh/formula/tio)):
```
sudo tio /dev/tty.usbmodem14401
```
You should see tio printing `Disconnected` or `Connected` when you disconnect or reconnect the USB cable.
</TabItem>
</Tabs>
From there, you should see the various log messages from ZMK and Zephyr, depending on which systems you have set to what log levels.
|
