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2020-03-12USB: mon: Use scnprintf() for avoiding potential buffer overflowTakashi Iwai
Since snprintf() returns the would-be-output size instead of the actual output size, the succeeding calls may go beyond the given buffer limit. Fix it by replacing with scnprintf(). Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200311093003.24604-1-tiwai@suse.de Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2019-12-10usb: mon: Fix a deadlock in usbmon between mmap and readPete Zaitcev
The problem arises because our read() function grabs a lock of the circular buffer, finds something of interest, then invokes copy_to_user() straight from the buffer, which in turn takes mm->mmap_sem. In the same time, the callback mon_bin_vma_fault() is invoked under mm->mmap_sem. It attempts to take the fetch lock and deadlocks. This patch does away with protecting of our page list with any semaphores, and instead relies on the kernel not close the device while mmap is active in a process. In addition, we prohibit re-sizing of a buffer while mmap is active. This way, when (now unlocked) fault is processed, it works with the page that is intended to be mapped-in, and not some other random page. Note that this may have an ABI impact, but hopefully no legitimate program is this wrong. Signed-off-by: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com> Reported-by: syzbot+56f9673bb4cdcbeb0e92@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Reviewed-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> Fixes: 46eb14a6e158 ("USB: fix usbmon BUG trigger") Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20191204203941.3503452b@suzdal.zaitcev.lan Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2019-06-20docs: usb: rename files to .rst and add them to drivers-apiMauro Carvalho Chehab
While there are a mix of things here, most of the stuff were written from Kernel developer's PoV. So, add them to the driver-api book. A follow up for this patch would be to move documents from there that are specific to sysadmins, adding them to the admin-guide. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org> Acked-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Felipe Balbi <felipe.balbi@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2019-01-22USB: add missing SPDX lines to Kconfig and MakefilesGreg Kroah-Hartman
There are a few remaining drivers/usb/ files that do not have SPDX identifiers in them, all of these are either Kconfig or Makefiles. Add the correct GPL-2.0 identifier to them to make scanning tools happy. Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2018-06-25USB: mon: use ktime_get_real_ts64 instead of getnstimeofday64Arnd Bergmann
The two do the same thing, but we want to remove getnstimeofday64() to have a more consistent interface. It would be nice to use a monotonic clocksource here rather than 'real' time, but that would break the user interface. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2018-06-12treewide: kzalloc() -> kcalloc()Kees Cook
The kzalloc() function has a 2-factor argument form, kcalloc(). This patch replaces cases of: kzalloc(a * b, gfp) with: kcalloc(a * b, gfp) as well as handling cases of: kzalloc(a * b * c, gfp) with: kzalloc(array3_size(a, b, c), gfp) as it's slightly less ugly than: kzalloc_array(array_size(a, b), c, gfp) This does, however, attempt to ignore constant size factors like: kzalloc(4 * 1024, gfp) though any constants defined via macros get caught up in the conversion. Any factors with a sizeof() of "unsigned char", "char", and "u8" were dropped, since they're redundant. The Coccinelle script used for this was: // Fix redundant parens around sizeof(). @@ type TYPE; expression THING, E; @@ ( kzalloc( - (sizeof(TYPE)) * E + sizeof(TYPE) * E , ...) | kzalloc( - (sizeof(THING)) * E + sizeof(THING) * E , ...) ) // Drop single-byte sizes and redundant parens. @@ expression COUNT; typedef u8; typedef __u8; @@ ( kzalloc( - sizeof(u8) * (COUNT) + COUNT , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(__u8) * (COUNT) + COUNT , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(char) * (COUNT) + COUNT , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(unsigned char) * (COUNT) + COUNT , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(u8) * COUNT + COUNT , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(__u8) * COUNT + COUNT , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(char) * COUNT + COUNT , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(unsigned char) * COUNT + COUNT , ...) ) // 2-factor product with sizeof(type/expression) and identifier or constant. @@ type TYPE; expression THING; identifier COUNT_ID; constant COUNT_CONST; @@ ( - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(TYPE) * (COUNT_ID) + COUNT_ID, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(TYPE) * COUNT_ID + COUNT_ID, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(TYPE) * (COUNT_CONST) + COUNT_CONST, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(TYPE) * COUNT_CONST + COUNT_CONST, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(THING) * (COUNT_ID) + COUNT_ID, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(THING) * COUNT_ID + COUNT_ID, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(THING) * (COUNT_CONST) + COUNT_CONST, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(THING) * COUNT_CONST + COUNT_CONST, sizeof(THING) , ...) ) // 2-factor product, only identifiers. @@ identifier SIZE, COUNT; @@ - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - SIZE * COUNT + COUNT, SIZE , ...) // 3-factor product with 1 sizeof(type) or sizeof(expression), with // redundant parens removed. @@ expression THING; identifier STRIDE, COUNT; type TYPE; @@ ( kzalloc( - sizeof(TYPE) * (COUNT) * (STRIDE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(TYPE)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(TYPE) * (COUNT) * STRIDE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(TYPE)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(TYPE) * COUNT * (STRIDE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(TYPE)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(TYPE) * COUNT * STRIDE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(TYPE)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(THING) * (COUNT) * (STRIDE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(THING)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(THING) * (COUNT) * STRIDE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(THING)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(THING) * COUNT * (STRIDE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(THING)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(THING) * COUNT * STRIDE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, sizeof(THING)) , ...) ) // 3-factor product with 2 sizeof(variable), with redundant parens removed. @@ expression THING1, THING2; identifier COUNT; type TYPE1, TYPE2; @@ ( kzalloc( - sizeof(TYPE1) * sizeof(TYPE2) * COUNT + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE1), sizeof(TYPE2)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(TYPE1) * sizeof(THING2) * (COUNT) + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE1), sizeof(TYPE2)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(THING1) * sizeof(THING2) * COUNT + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(THING1), sizeof(THING2)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(THING1) * sizeof(THING2) * (COUNT) + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(THING1), sizeof(THING2)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(TYPE1) * sizeof(THING2) * COUNT + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE1), sizeof(THING2)) , ...) | kzalloc( - sizeof(TYPE1) * sizeof(THING2) * (COUNT) + array3_size(COUNT, sizeof(TYPE1), sizeof(THING2)) , ...) ) // 3-factor product, only identifiers, with redundant parens removed. @@ identifier STRIDE, SIZE, COUNT; @@ ( kzalloc( - (COUNT) * STRIDE * SIZE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kzalloc( - COUNT * (STRIDE) * SIZE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kzalloc( - COUNT * STRIDE * (SIZE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kzalloc( - (COUNT) * (STRIDE) * SIZE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kzalloc( - COUNT * (STRIDE) * (SIZE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kzalloc( - (COUNT) * STRIDE * (SIZE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kzalloc( - (COUNT) * (STRIDE) * (SIZE) + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) | kzalloc( - COUNT * STRIDE * SIZE + array3_size(COUNT, STRIDE, SIZE) , ...) ) // Any remaining multi-factor products, first at least 3-factor products, // when they're not all constants... @@ expression E1, E2, E3; constant C1, C2, C3; @@ ( kzalloc(C1 * C2 * C3, ...) | kzalloc( - (E1) * E2 * E3 + array3_size(E1, E2, E3) , ...) | kzalloc( - (E1) * (E2) * E3 + array3_size(E1, E2, E3) , ...) | kzalloc( - (E1) * (E2) * (E3) + array3_size(E1, E2, E3) , ...) | kzalloc( - E1 * E2 * E3 + array3_size(E1, E2, E3) , ...) ) // And then all remaining 2 factors products when they're not all constants, // keeping sizeof() as the second factor argument. @@ expression THING, E1, E2; type TYPE; constant C1, C2, C3; @@ ( kzalloc(sizeof(THING) * C2, ...) | kzalloc(sizeof(TYPE) * C2, ...) | kzalloc(C1 * C2 * C3, ...) | kzalloc(C1 * C2, ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(TYPE) * (E2) + E2, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(TYPE) * E2 + E2, sizeof(TYPE) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(THING) * (E2) + E2, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - sizeof(THING) * E2 + E2, sizeof(THING) , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - (E1) * E2 + E1, E2 , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - (E1) * (E2) + E1, E2 , ...) | - kzalloc + kcalloc ( - E1 * E2 + E1, E2 , ...) ) Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
2018-05-31USB: mon: no need to check return value of debugfs_create functionsGreg Kroah-Hartman
When calling debugfs functions, there is no need to ever check the return value. The function can work or not, but the code logic should never do something different based on this. We do need to save the dentries for these files, so keep them around, but no need to check if they are "valid" or not, as the code works just as well either way. Cc: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@kotori.zaitcev.us> Cc: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Cc: Fredrik Noring <noring@nocrew.org> Cc: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2018-04-22usb: mon: Change return type to vm_fault_tSouptick Joarder
Use new return type vm_fault_t for the fault handler in struct vm_operations_struct. For now, this is just documenting that the function returns a VM_FAULT value rather than an errno. Once all instances are converted, vm_fault_t will become a distinct type. Reference id -> 1c8f422059ae ("mm: change return type to vm_fault_t") Signed-off-by: Souptick Joarder <jrdr.linux@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2018-03-09usb: usbmon: Read text within supplied buffer sizePete Zaitcev
This change fixes buffer overflows and silent data corruption with the usbmon device driver text file read operations. Signed-off-by: Fredrik Noring <noring@nocrew.org> Signed-off-by: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com> Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2018-02-11vfs: do bulk POLL* -> EPOLL* replacementLinus Torvalds
This is the mindless scripted replacement of kernel use of POLL* variables as described by Al, done by this script: for V in IN OUT PRI ERR RDNORM RDBAND WRNORM WRBAND HUP RDHUP NVAL MSG; do L=`git grep -l -w POLL$V | grep -v '^t' | grep -v /um/ | grep -v '^sa' | grep -v '/poll.h$'|grep -v '^D'` for f in $L; do sed -i "-es/^\([^\"]*\)\(\<POLL$V\>\)/\\1E\\2/" $f; done done with de-mangling cleanups yet to come. NOTE! On almost all architectures, the EPOLL* constants have the same values as the POLL* constants do. But they keyword here is "almost". For various bad reasons they aren't the same, and epoll() doesn't actually work quite correctly in some cases due to this on Sparc et al. The next patch from Al will sort out the final differences, and we should be all done. Scripted-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-01-30Merge branch 'misc.poll' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull poll annotations from Al Viro: "This introduces a __bitwise type for POLL### bitmap, and propagates the annotations through the tree. Most of that stuff is as simple as 'make ->poll() instances return __poll_t and do the same to local variables used to hold the future return value'. Some of the obvious brainos found in process are fixed (e.g. POLLIN misspelled as POLL_IN). At that point the amount of sparse warnings is low and most of them are for genuine bugs - e.g. ->poll() instance deciding to return -EINVAL instead of a bitmap. I hadn't touched those in this series - it's large enough as it is. Another problem it has caught was eventpoll() ABI mess; select.c and eventpoll.c assumed that corresponding POLL### and EPOLL### were equal. That's true for some, but not all of them - EPOLL### are arch-independent, but POLL### are not. The last commit in this series separates userland POLL### values from the (now arch-independent) kernel-side ones, converting between them in the few places where they are copied to/from userland. AFAICS, this is the least disruptive fix preserving poll(2) ABI and making epoll() work on all architectures. As it is, it's simply broken on sparc - try to give it EPOLLWRNORM and it will trigger only on what would've triggered EPOLLWRBAND on other architectures. EPOLLWRBAND and EPOLLRDHUP, OTOH, are never triggered at all on sparc. With this patch they should work consistently on all architectures" * 'misc.poll' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (37 commits) make kernel-side POLL... arch-independent eventpoll: no need to mask the result of epi_item_poll() again eventpoll: constify struct epoll_event pointers debugging printk in sg_poll() uses %x to print POLL... bitmap annotate poll(2) guts 9p: untangle ->poll() mess ->si_band gets POLL... bitmap stored into a user-visible long field ring_buffer_poll_wait() return value used as return value of ->poll() the rest of drivers/*: annotate ->poll() instances media: annotate ->poll() instances fs: annotate ->poll() instances ipc, kernel, mm: annotate ->poll() instances net: annotate ->poll() instances apparmor: annotate ->poll() instances tomoyo: annotate ->poll() instances sound: annotate ->poll() instances acpi: annotate ->poll() instances crypto: annotate ->poll() instances block: annotate ->poll() instances x86: annotate ->poll() instances ...
2018-01-09USB: fix usbmon BUG triggerPete Zaitcev
Automated tests triggered this by opening usbmon and accessing the mmap while simultaneously resizing the buffers. This bug was with us since 2006, because typically applications only size the buffers once and thus avoid racing. Reported by Kirill A. Shutemov. Reported-by: <syzbot+f9831b881b3e849829fc@syzkaller.appspotmail.com> Signed-off-by: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com> Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-28the rest of drivers/*: annotate ->poll() instancesAl Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2017-11-13Merge tag 'usb-4.15-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb Pull USB/PHY updates from Greg KH: "Here is the big set of USB and PHY driver updates for 4.15-rc1. There is the usual amount of gadget and xhci driver updates, along with phy and chipidea enhancements. There's also a lot of SPDX tags and license boilerplate cleanups as well, which provide some churn in the diffstat. Other major thing is the typec code that moved out of staging and into the "real" part of the drivers/usb/ tree, which was nice to see happen. All of these have been in linux-next with no reported issues for a while" * tag 'usb-4.15-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gregkh/usb: (263 commits) usb: gadget: f_fs: Fix use-after-free in ffs_free_inst USB: usbfs: compute urb->actual_length for isochronous usb: core: message: remember to reset 'ret' to 0 when necessary USB: typec: Remove remaining redundant license text USB: typec: add SPDX identifiers to some files USB: renesas_usbhs: rcar?.h: add SPDX tags USB: chipidea: ci_hdrc_tegra.c: add SPDX line USB: host: xhci-debugfs: add SPDX lines USB: add SPDX identifiers to all remaining Makefiles usb: host: isp1362-hcd: remove a couple of redundant assignments USB: adutux: remove redundant variable minor usb: core: add a new usb_get_ptm_status() helper usb: core: add a 'type' parameter to usb_get_status() usb: core: introduce a new usb_get_std_status() helper usb: core: rename usb_get_status() 'type' argument to 'recip' usb: core: add Status Type definitions USB: gadget: Remove redundant license text USB: gadget: function: Remove redundant license text USB: gadget: udc: Remove redundant license text USB: gadget: legacy: Remove redundant license text ...
2017-11-07USB: add SPDX identifiers to all remaining MakefilesGreg Kroah-Hartman
It's good to have SPDX identifiers in all files to make it easier to audit the kernel tree for correct licenses. This updates the remaining drivers/usb/*Makefile* that were missing SPDX identifiers. They all get the following identifier: SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Cc: Peter Korsgaard <jacmet@sunsite.dk> Cc: Thomas Winischhofer <thomas@winischhofer.net> Cc: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org> Acked-by: Heikki Krogerus <heikki.krogerus@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-04USB: add SPDX identifiers to all remaining files in drivers/usb/Greg Kroah-Hartman
It's good to have SPDX identifiers in all files to make it easier to audit the kernel tree for correct licenses. Update the drivers/usb/ and include/linux/usb* files with the correct SPDX license identifier based on the license text in the file itself. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This work is based on a script and data from Thomas Gleixner, Philippe Ombredanne, and Kate Stewart. Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Acked-by: Felipe Balbi <felipe.balbi@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Johan Hovold <johan@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-03-02sched/headers: Prepare to move signal wakeup & sigpending methods from ↵Ingo Molnar
<linux/sched.h> into <linux/sched/signal.h> Fix up affected files that include this signal functionality via sched.h. Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2017-02-24mm, fs: reduce fault, page_mkwrite, and pfn_mkwrite to take only vmfDave Jiang
->fault(), ->page_mkwrite(), and ->pfn_mkwrite() calls do not need to take a vma and vmf parameter when the vma already resides in vmf. Remove the vma parameter to simplify things. [arnd@arndb.de: fix ARM build] Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170125223558.1451224-1-arnd@arndb.de Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/148521301778.19116.10840599906674778980.stgit@djiang5-desk3.ch.intel.com Signed-off-by: Dave Jiang <dave.jiang@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Reviewed-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.com> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-01-14locking/atomic, kref: Avoid more abusePeter Zijlstra
Leak references by unbalanced get, instead of poking at kref implementation details. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2016-12-24Replace <asm/uaccess.h> with <linux/uaccess.h> globallyLinus Torvalds
This was entirely automated, using the script by Al: PATT='^[[:blank:]]*#[[:blank:]]*include[[:blank:]]*<asm/uaccess.h>' sed -i -e "s!$PATT!#include <linux/uaccess.h>!" \ $(git grep -l "$PATT"|grep -v ^include/linux/uaccess.h) to do the replacement at the end of the merge window. Requested-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-02-06usb: core: rename mutex usb_bus_list_lock to usb_bus_idr_lockHeiner Kallweit
Now that usb_bus_list has been removed and switched to idr rename the related mutex accordingly. Signed-off-by: Heiner Kallweit <hkallweit1@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2016-02-03usb: core: switch bus numbering to using idrHeiner Kallweit
USB bus numbering is based on directly dealing with bitmaps and defines a separate list of busses. This can be simplified and unified by using existing idr functionality. Signed-off-by: Heiner Kallweit <hkallweit1@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2016-01-03USB: usbmon: remove assignment from IS_ERR argumentJulia Lawall
The semantic patch that makes this change is as follows: (http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/) // <smpl> @@ expression e1,e2; statement S1,S2; @@ +e1 = e2; if (IS_ERR( e1 - = e2 )) S1 else S2 // </smpl> Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <Julia.Lawall@lip6.fr> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2015-12-01USB: usbmon: Use 64bit timestamp for mon_bin_hdrTina Ruchandani
struct mon_bin_hdr allows for a 64-bit seconds timestamp. The code currently uses 'struct timeval' to populate the timestamp in mon_bin_hdr, which has a 32-bit seconds field and will overflow in year 2038 and beyond. This patch replaces 'struct timeval' with 'struct timespec64' which is y2038 safe. This patch is part of a larger attempt to remove instances of struct timeval and other 32-bit timekeeping (time_t, struct timespec) from the kernel. Signed-off-by: Tina Ruchandani <ruchandani.tina@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2015-12-01USB: usbmon: Remove timeval usage for timestampTina Ruchandani
struct timeval' uses 32-bits for its seconds field and will overflow in the year 2038 and beyond. This patch replaces the usage of 'struct timeval' in mon_get_timestamp() with timespec64 which uses a 64-bit seconds field and is y2038-safe. mon_get_timestamp() truncates the timestamp at 4096 seconds, so the correctness of the code is not affected. This patch is part of a larger attempt to remove instances of struct timeval and other 32-bit timekeeping (time_t, struct timespec) from the kernel. Signed-off-by: Tina Ruchandani <ruchandani.tina@gmail.com> Suggested-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2015-12-01USB: constify usb_mon_operations structureJulia Lawall
The usb_mon_operations structure is never modified, so declare it as const. Done with the help of Coccinelle. Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <Julia.Lawall@lip6.fr> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2015-05-10USB: mon_stat.c: move assignment out of if () blockGreg Kroah-Hartman
We should not be doing assignments within an if () block so fix up the code to not do this. change was created using Coccinelle. Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Felipe Balbi <balbi@ti.com>
2015-05-10USB: mon_main.c: move assignment out of if () blockGreg Kroah-Hartman
We should not be doing assignments within an if () block so fix up the code to not do this. change was created using Coccinelle. Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Felipe Balbi <balbi@ti.com>
2015-05-10USB: mon_bin.c: move assignment out of if () blockGreg Kroah-Hartman
We should not be doing assignments within an if () block so fix up the code to not do this. change was created using Coccinelle. Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Felipe Balbi <balbi@ti.com>
2013-04-09USB: regroup all depends on USB within an if USB blockFlorian Fainelli
This patch removes the depends on USB from all config symbols in drivers/usb/host/Kconfig and replace that with an if USB / endif block as suggested by Alan Stern. Some source ... Kconfig lines have been shuffled around to permit a better regroupment of the Kconfig files depending on "config USB" item. No functionnal change is introduced. Acked-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> Signed-off-by: Florian Fainelli <florian@openwrt.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2012-10-09mm: kill vma flag VM_RESERVED and mm->reserved_vm counterKonstantin Khlebnikov
A long time ago, in v2.4, VM_RESERVED kept swapout process off VMA, currently it lost original meaning but still has some effects: | effect | alternative flags -+------------------------+--------------------------------------------- 1| account as reserved_vm | VM_IO 2| skip in core dump | VM_IO, VM_DONTDUMP 3| do not merge or expand | VM_IO, VM_DONTEXPAND, VM_HUGETLB, VM_PFNMAP 4| do not mlock | VM_IO, VM_DONTEXPAND, VM_HUGETLB, VM_PFNMAP This patch removes reserved_vm counter from mm_struct. Seems like nobody cares about it, it does not exported into userspace directly, it only reduces total_vm showed in proc. Thus VM_RESERVED can be replaced with VM_IO or pair VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP. remap_pfn_range() and io_remap_pfn_range() set VM_IO|VM_DONTEXPAND|VM_DONTDUMP. remap_vmalloc_range() set VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci.c fixup] Signed-off-by: Konstantin Khlebnikov <khlebnikov@openvz.org> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Carsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com> Cc: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org> Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com> Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Cc: Kentaro Takeda <takedakn@nttdata.co.jp> Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com> Cc: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Cc: Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@I-love.SAKURA.ne.jp> Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com> Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-10-31usb: Add export.h for EXPORT_SYMBOL/THIS_MODULE where neededPaul Gortmaker
With module.h being implicitly everywhere via device.h, the absence of explicitly including something for EXPORT_SYMBOL went unnoticed. Since we are heading to fix things up and clean module.h from the device.h file, we need to explicitly include these files now. Use the lightweight version of the header that has just THIS_MODULE and EXPORT_SYMBOL variants. Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
2011-09-26usbmon vs. tcpdump: fix dropped packet countJohannes Stezenbach
Report the number of dropped packets instead of zero when using the binary usbmon interface with tcpdump. # tcpdump -i usbmon1 -w dump tcpdump: listening on usbmon1, link-type USB_LINUX_MMAPPED (USB with padded Linux header), capture size 65535 bytes ^C2155 packets captured 2155 packets received by filter 1019 packets dropped by kernel Signed-off-by: Johannes Stezenbach <js@sig21.net> Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2011-07-08USB: mon: Allow to use usbmon without debugfsTobias Klauser
Do not bail out with an error in mon_text_init() if debugfs is not available, instead just return 0 and let mon_init() go ahead with loading the binary API. Return -ENOMEM in case debugfs_create_dir() fails for other reasons. Later, it is enough to check for mon_dir not set. Signed-off-by: Tobias Klauser <tklauser@distanz.ch> Signed-off-by: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2011-02-04USB: usbmon: fix-up docs and text API for sparse ISOPete Zaitcev
This is based on a patch that Alan Stern wrote. It did the same simple thing in both text and binary cases. In the same time, Marton and I fixed the binary side properly, but this leaves the text to be fixed. It is not very important due to low maxium data size of text, but let's add it just for extra correctness. The pseudocode is too much to keep fixed up, and we have real code to be used as examples now, so let's drop it too. Signed-off-by: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2010-12-16Merge branch 'usb-next' into musb-mergeGreg Kroah-Hartman
* usb-next: (132 commits) USB: uas: Use GFP_NOIO instead of GFP_KERNEL in I/O submission path USB: uas: Ensure we only bind to a UAS interface USB: uas: Rename sense pipe and sense urb to status pipe and status urb USB: uas: Use kzalloc instead of kmalloc USB: uas: Fix up the Sense IU usb: musb: core: kill unneeded #include's DA8xx: assign name to MUSB IRQ resource usb: gadget: g_ncm added usb: gadget: f_ncm.c added usb: gadget: u_ether: prepare for NCM usb: pch_udc: Fix setup transfers with data out usb: pch_udc: Fix compile error, warnings and checkpatch warnings usb: add ab8500 usb transceiver driver USB: gadget: Implement runtime PM for MSM bus glue driver USB: gadget: Implement runtime PM for ci13xxx gadget USB: gadget: Add USB controller driver for MSM SoC USB: gadget: Introduce ci13xxx_udc_driver struct USB: gadget: Initialize ci13xxx gadget device's coherent DMA mask USB: gadget: Fix "scheduling while atomic" bugs in ci13xxx_udc USB: gadget: Separate out PCI bus code from ci13xxx_udc ...
2010-11-30usbmon: correct length for isochronousPete Zaitcev
Usually the usbmon returns the amount of data specified in urb->transfer_buffer_length for output submissions and urb->actual_length for input callbacks. However, for Isochronous input transfers, this is not enough, since the returned data buffer may contain "holes". One easy way to fix this is to use urb->transfer_buffer_length, but this often transfers a whole lot of unused data, so we find how much was actually used instead. Original patch by Márton Németh. See also kernel bug 22182. Signed-off-by: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Márton Németh <nm127@freemail.hu> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2010-11-17BKL: remove extraneous #include <smp_lock.h>Arnd Bergmann
The big kernel lock has been removed from all these files at some point, leaving only the #include. Remove this too as a cleanup. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-10-24Merge branch 'for-next' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial * 'for-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/trivial: (39 commits) Update broken web addresses in arch directory. Update broken web addresses in the kernel. Revert "drivers/usb: Remove unnecessary return's from void functions" for musb gadget Revert "Fix typo: configuation => configuration" partially ida: document IDA_BITMAP_LONGS calculation ext2: fix a typo on comment in ext2/inode.c drivers/scsi: Remove unnecessary casts of private_data drivers/s390: Remove unnecessary casts of private_data net/sunrpc/rpc_pipe.c: Remove unnecessary casts of private_data drivers/infiniband: Remove unnecessary casts of private_data drivers/gpu/drm: Remove unnecessary casts of private_data kernel/pm_qos_params.c: Remove unnecessary casts of private_data fs/ecryptfs: Remove unnecessary casts of private_data fs/seq_file.c: Remove unnecessary casts of private_data arm: uengine.c: remove C99 comments arm: scoop.c: remove C99 comments Fix typo configue => configure in comments Fix typo: configuation => configuration Fix typo interrest[ing|ed] => interest[ing|ed] Fix various typos of valid in comments ... Fix up trivial conflicts in: drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_si_intf.c drivers/usb/gadget/rndis.c net/irda/irnet/irnet_ppp.c
2010-10-22usb: makefile cleanupmatt mooney
For all modules, change <module>-objs to <module>-y; remove if-statements and replace with lists using the kbuild idiom; move flags to the top of the file; and fix alignment while trying to maintain the original scheme in each file. None of the dependencies are modified. Signed-off-by: matt mooney <mfm@muteddisk.com> Acked-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Acked-by: Felipe Balbi <balbi@ti.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2010-08-11Merge branch 'master' into for-nextJiri Kosina
Conflicts: fs/exofs/inode.c
2010-08-10USB: resizing usbmon binary interface buffer causes protection faultsSteven Robertson
Enlarging the buffer size via the MON_IOCT_RING_SIZE ioctl causes general protection faults. It appears the culprit is an incorrect argument to mon_free_buff: instead of passing the size of the current buffer being freed, the size of the new buffer is passed. Use the correct size argument to mon_free_buff when changing the size of the buffer. Signed-off-by: Steven Robertson <steven@strobe.cc> Acked-by: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com> Cc: stable <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2010-08-10USB: mon: kill BKL usageArnd Bergmann
compat_ioctl does not use the BKL, so I assume that the native function does not need it either. The open function is already protected by the driver's mutex, the BKL is probably not needed here either. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> Cc: Pete Zaitcev <zaitcev@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2010-08-10drivers/usb: Remove unnecessary return's from void functionsJoe Perches
Greg prefers this to go through the trivial tree. http://lkml.org/lkml/2010/6/24/1 There are about 2500 void functions in drivers/usb Only a few used return; at end of function. Standardize them a bit. Moved a statement down a line in drivers/usb/host/u132-hcd.c Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2010-05-24Merge branch 'bkl/ioctl' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/frederic/random-tracing * 'bkl/ioctl' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/frederic/random-tracing: uml: Pushdown the bkl from harddog_kern ioctl sunrpc: Pushdown the bkl from sunrpc cache ioctl sunrpc: Pushdown the bkl from ioctl autofs4: Pushdown the bkl from ioctl uml: Convert to unlocked_ioctls to remove implicit BKL ncpfs: BKL ioctl pushdown coda: Clean-up whitespace problems in pioctl.c coda: BKL ioctl pushdown drivers: Push down BKL into various drivers isdn: Push down BKL into ioctl functions scsi: Push down BKL into ioctl functions dvb: Push down BKL into ioctl functions smbfs: Push down BKL into ioctl function coda/psdev: Remove BKL from ioctl function um/mmapper: Remove BKL usage sn_hwperf: Kill BKL usage hfsplus: Push down BKL into ioctl function
2010-05-20USB: Change the scatterlist type in struct urbMatthew Wilcox
Change the type of the URB's 'sg' pointer from a usb_sg_request to a scatterlist. This allows drivers to submit scatter-gather lists without using the usb_sg_wait() interface. It has the added benefit of removing the typecasts that were added as part of patch as1368 (and slightly decreasing the number of pointer dereferences). Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> Tested-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2010-05-20USB: fix usbmon and DMA mapping for scatter-gather URBsAlan Stern
This patch (as1368) fixes a rather obscure bug in usbmon: When tracing URBs sent by the scatter-gather library, it accesses the data buffers while they are still mapped for DMA. The solution is to move the mapping and unmapping out of the s-g library and into the usual place in hcd.c. This requires the addition of new URB flag bits to describe the kind of mapping needed, since we have to call dma_map_sg() if the HCD supports native scatter-gather operation and dma_map_page() if it doesn't. The nice thing about having the new flags is that they simplify the testing for unmapping. The patch removes the only caller of usb_buffer_[un]map_sg(), so those functions are #if'ed out. A later patch will remove them entirely. As a result of this change, urb->sg will be set in situations where it wasn't set previously. Hence the xhci and whci drivers are adjusted to test urb->num_sgs instead, which retains its original meaning and is nonzero only when the HCD has to handle a scatterlist. Finally, even when a submission error occurs we don't want to hand URBs to usbmon before they are unmapped. The submission path is rearranged so that map_urb_for_dma() is called only for non-root-hub URBs and unmap_urb_for_dma() is called immediately after a submission error. This simplifies the error handling. Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> CC: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2010-05-20USB: make hcd.h public (drivers dependency)Eric Lescouet
The usbcore headers: hcd.h and hub.h are shared between usbcore, HCDs and a couple of other drivers (e.g. USBIP modules). So, it makes sense to move them into a more public location and to cleanup dependency of those modules on kernel internal headers. This patch moves hcd.h from drivers/usb/core into include/linux/usb/ Signed-of-by: Eric Lescouet <eric@lescouet.org> Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2010-05-17drivers: Push down BKL into various driversArnd Bergmann
These are the last remaining device drivers using the ->ioctl file operation in the drivers directory (except from v4l drivers). [fweisbec: drop i8k pushdown as it has been done from procfs pushdown branch already] Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>