diff options
-rw-r--r-- | include/net/act_api.h | 15 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | include/net/sch_generic.h | 31 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | include/net/tc_act/tc_gact.h | 7 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | include/net/tc_act/tc_mirred.h | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | net/core/dev.c | 4 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | net/sched/act_api.c | 44 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | net/sched/act_bpf.c | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | net/sched/act_connmark.c | 3 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | net/sched/act_csum.c | 3 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | net/sched/act_gact.c | 44 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | net/sched/act_ipt.c | 2 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | net/sched/act_mirred.c | 58 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | net/sched/act_nat.c | 3 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | net/sched/act_pedit.c | 3 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | net/sched/act_simple.c | 3 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | net/sched/act_skbedit.c | 3 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | net/sched/act_vlan.c | 3 |
17 files changed, 148 insertions, 82 deletions
diff --git a/include/net/act_api.h b/include/net/act_api.h index 3ee4c92afd1b..8d2a707a9e87 100644 --- a/include/net/act_api.h +++ b/include/net/act_api.h @@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ struct tcf_common { struct gnet_stats_rate_est64 tcfc_rate_est; spinlock_t tcfc_lock; struct rcu_head tcfc_rcu; + struct gnet_stats_basic_cpu __percpu *cpu_bstats; + struct gnet_stats_queue __percpu *cpu_qstats; }; #define tcf_head common.tcfc_head #define tcf_index common.tcfc_index @@ -68,6 +70,17 @@ static inline void tcf_hashinfo_destroy(struct tcf_hashinfo *hf) kfree(hf->htab); } +/* Update lastuse only if needed, to avoid dirtying a cache line. + * We use a temp variable to avoid fetching jiffies twice. + */ +static inline void tcf_lastuse_update(struct tcf_t *tm) +{ + unsigned long now = jiffies; + + if (tm->lastuse != now) + tm->lastuse = now; +} + #ifdef CONFIG_NET_CLS_ACT #define ACT_P_CREATED 1 @@ -103,7 +116,7 @@ int tcf_hash_release(struct tc_action *a, int bind); u32 tcf_hash_new_index(struct tcf_hashinfo *hinfo); int tcf_hash_check(u32 index, struct tc_action *a, int bind); int tcf_hash_create(u32 index, struct nlattr *est, struct tc_action *a, - int size, int bind); + int size, int bind, bool cpustats); void tcf_hash_cleanup(struct tc_action *a, struct nlattr *est); void tcf_hash_insert(struct tc_action *a); diff --git a/include/net/sch_generic.h b/include/net/sch_generic.h index 2738f6f87908..2eab08c38e32 100644 --- a/include/net/sch_generic.h +++ b/include/net/sch_generic.h @@ -513,17 +513,20 @@ static inline void bstats_update(struct gnet_stats_basic_packed *bstats, bstats->packets += skb_is_gso(skb) ? skb_shinfo(skb)->gso_segs : 1; } -static inline void qdisc_bstats_update_cpu(struct Qdisc *sch, - const struct sk_buff *skb) +static inline void bstats_cpu_update(struct gnet_stats_basic_cpu *bstats, + const struct sk_buff *skb) { - struct gnet_stats_basic_cpu *bstats = - this_cpu_ptr(sch->cpu_bstats); - u64_stats_update_begin(&bstats->syncp); bstats_update(&bstats->bstats, skb); u64_stats_update_end(&bstats->syncp); } +static inline void qdisc_bstats_cpu_update(struct Qdisc *sch, + const struct sk_buff *skb) +{ + bstats_cpu_update(this_cpu_ptr(sch->cpu_bstats), skb); +} + static inline void qdisc_bstats_update(struct Qdisc *sch, const struct sk_buff *skb) { @@ -547,16 +550,24 @@ static inline void __qdisc_qstats_drop(struct Qdisc *sch, int count) sch->qstats.drops += count; } -static inline void qdisc_qstats_drop(struct Qdisc *sch) +static inline void qstats_drop_inc(struct gnet_stats_queue *qstats) { - sch->qstats.drops++; + qstats->drops++; } -static inline void qdisc_qstats_drop_cpu(struct Qdisc *sch) +static inline void qstats_overlimit_inc(struct gnet_stats_queue *qstats) { - struct gnet_stats_queue *qstats = this_cpu_ptr(sch->cpu_qstats); + qstats->overlimits++; +} - qstats->drops++; +static inline void qdisc_qstats_drop(struct Qdisc *sch) +{ + qstats_drop_inc(&sch->qstats); +} + +static inline void qdisc_qstats_cpu_drop(struct Qdisc *sch) +{ + qstats_drop_inc(this_cpu_ptr(sch->cpu_qstats)); } static inline void qdisc_qstats_overlimit(struct Qdisc *sch) diff --git a/include/net/tc_act/tc_gact.h b/include/net/tc_act/tc_gact.h index 9fc9b578908a..592a6bc02b0b 100644 --- a/include/net/tc_act/tc_gact.h +++ b/include/net/tc_act/tc_gact.h @@ -6,9 +6,10 @@ struct tcf_gact { struct tcf_common common; #ifdef CONFIG_GACT_PROB - u16 tcfg_ptype; - u16 tcfg_pval; - int tcfg_paction; + u16 tcfg_ptype; + u16 tcfg_pval; + int tcfg_paction; + atomic_t packets; #endif }; #define to_gact(a) \ diff --git a/include/net/tc_act/tc_mirred.h b/include/net/tc_act/tc_mirred.h index 4dd77a1c106b..dae96bae1c19 100644 --- a/include/net/tc_act/tc_mirred.h +++ b/include/net/tc_act/tc_mirred.h @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ struct tcf_mirred { int tcfm_eaction; int tcfm_ifindex; int tcfm_ok_push; - struct net_device *tcfm_dev; + struct net_device __rcu *tcfm_dev; struct list_head tcfm_list; }; #define to_mirred(a) \ diff --git a/net/core/dev.c b/net/core/dev.c index 6778a9999d52..e0d270143fc7 100644 --- a/net/core/dev.c +++ b/net/core/dev.c @@ -3646,7 +3646,7 @@ static inline struct sk_buff *handle_ing(struct sk_buff *skb, qdisc_skb_cb(skb)->pkt_len = skb->len; skb->tc_verd = SET_TC_AT(skb->tc_verd, AT_INGRESS); - qdisc_bstats_update_cpu(cl->q, skb); + qdisc_bstats_cpu_update(cl->q, skb); switch (tc_classify(skb, cl, &cl_res)) { case TC_ACT_OK: @@ -3654,7 +3654,7 @@ static inline struct sk_buff *handle_ing(struct sk_buff *skb, skb->tc_index = TC_H_MIN(cl_res.classid); break; case TC_ACT_SHOT: - qdisc_qstats_drop_cpu(cl->q); + qdisc_qstats_cpu_drop(cl->q); case TC_ACT_STOLEN: case TC_ACT_QUEUED: kfree_skb(skb); diff --git a/net/sched/act_api.c b/net/sched/act_api.c index af427a3dbcba..074a32f466f8 100644 --- a/net/sched/act_api.c +++ b/net/sched/act_api.c @@ -27,6 +27,15 @@ #include <net/act_api.h> #include <net/netlink.h> +static void free_tcf(struct rcu_head *head) +{ + struct tcf_common *p = container_of(head, struct tcf_common, tcfc_rcu); + + free_percpu(p->cpu_bstats); + free_percpu(p->cpu_qstats); + kfree(p); +} + void tcf_hash_destroy(struct tc_action *a) { struct tcf_common *p = a->priv; @@ -41,7 +50,7 @@ void tcf_hash_destroy(struct tc_action *a) * gen_estimator est_timer() might access p->tcfc_lock * or bstats, wait a RCU grace period before freeing p */ - kfree_rcu(p, tcfc_rcu); + call_rcu(&p->tcfc_rcu, free_tcf); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcf_hash_destroy); @@ -230,15 +239,16 @@ void tcf_hash_cleanup(struct tc_action *a, struct nlattr *est) if (est) gen_kill_estimator(&pc->tcfc_bstats, &pc->tcfc_rate_est); - kfree_rcu(pc, tcfc_rcu); + call_rcu(&pc->tcfc_rcu, free_tcf); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcf_hash_cleanup); int tcf_hash_create(u32 index, struct nlattr *est, struct tc_action *a, - int size, int bind) + int size, int bind, bool cpustats) { struct tcf_hashinfo *hinfo = a->ops->hinfo; struct tcf_common *p = kzalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL); + int err = -ENOMEM; if (unlikely(!p)) return -ENOMEM; @@ -246,18 +256,32 @@ int tcf_hash_create(u32 index, struct nlattr *est, struct tc_action *a, if (bind) p->tcfc_bindcnt = 1; + if (cpustats) { + p->cpu_bstats = netdev_alloc_pcpu_stats(struct gnet_stats_basic_cpu); + if (!p->cpu_bstats) { +err1: + kfree(p); + return err; + } + p->cpu_qstats = alloc_percpu(struct gnet_stats_queue); + if (!p->cpu_qstats) { +err2: + free_percpu(p->cpu_bstats); + goto err1; + } + } spin_lock_init(&p->tcfc_lock); INIT_HLIST_NODE(&p->tcfc_head); p->tcfc_index = index ? index : tcf_hash_new_index(hinfo); p->tcfc_tm.install = jiffies; p->tcfc_tm.lastuse = jiffies; if (est) { - int err = gen_new_estimator(&p->tcfc_bstats, NULL, - &p->tcfc_rate_est, - &p->tcfc_lock, est); + err = gen_new_estimator(&p->tcfc_bstats, p->cpu_bstats, + &p->tcfc_rate_est, + &p->tcfc_lock, est); if (err) { - kfree(p); - return err; + free_percpu(p->cpu_qstats); + goto err2; } } @@ -615,10 +639,10 @@ int tcf_action_copy_stats(struct sk_buff *skb, struct tc_action *a, if (err < 0) goto errout; - if (gnet_stats_copy_basic(&d, NULL, &p->tcfc_bstats) < 0 || + if (gnet_stats_copy_basic(&d, p->cpu_bstats, &p->tcfc_bstats) < 0 || gnet_stats_copy_rate_est(&d, &p->tcfc_bstats, &p->tcfc_rate_est) < 0 || - gnet_stats_copy_queue(&d, NULL, + gnet_stats_copy_queue(&d, p->cpu_qstats, &p->tcfc_qstats, p->tcfc_qstats.qlen) < 0) goto errout; diff --git a/net/sched/act_bpf.c b/net/sched/act_bpf.c index 1d56903fd4c7..99aa271633e9 100644 --- a/net/sched/act_bpf.c +++ b/net/sched/act_bpf.c @@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ static int tcf_bpf_init(struct net *net, struct nlattr *nla, if (!tcf_hash_check(parm->index, act, bind)) { ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, act, - sizeof(*prog), bind); + sizeof(*prog), bind, false); if (ret < 0) goto destroy_fp; diff --git a/net/sched/act_connmark.c b/net/sched/act_connmark.c index 295d14bd6c67..f2b540220ad0 100644 --- a/net/sched/act_connmark.c +++ b/net/sched/act_connmark.c @@ -108,7 +108,8 @@ static int tcf_connmark_init(struct net *net, struct nlattr *nla, parm = nla_data(tb[TCA_CONNMARK_PARMS]); if (!tcf_hash_check(parm->index, a, bind)) { - ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*ci), bind); + ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*ci), + bind, false); if (ret) return ret; diff --git a/net/sched/act_csum.c b/net/sched/act_csum.c index 4cd5cf1aedf8..b07c535ba8e7 100644 --- a/net/sched/act_csum.c +++ b/net/sched/act_csum.c @@ -62,7 +62,8 @@ static int tcf_csum_init(struct net *n, struct nlattr *nla, struct nlattr *est, parm = nla_data(tb[TCA_CSUM_PARMS]); if (!tcf_hash_check(parm->index, a, bind)) { - ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*p), bind); + ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*p), + bind, false); if (ret) return ret; ret = ACT_P_CREATED; diff --git a/net/sched/act_gact.c b/net/sched/act_gact.c index 7fffc2272701..5c1b05170736 100644 --- a/net/sched/act_gact.c +++ b/net/sched/act_gact.c @@ -28,14 +28,18 @@ #ifdef CONFIG_GACT_PROB static int gact_net_rand(struct tcf_gact *gact) { - if (!gact->tcfg_pval || prandom_u32() % gact->tcfg_pval) + smp_rmb(); /* coupled with smp_wmb() in tcf_gact_init() */ + if (prandom_u32() % gact->tcfg_pval) return gact->tcf_action; return gact->tcfg_paction; } static int gact_determ(struct tcf_gact *gact) { - if (!gact->tcfg_pval || gact->tcf_bstats.packets % gact->tcfg_pval) + u32 pack = atomic_inc_return(&gact->packets); + + smp_rmb(); /* coupled with smp_wmb() in tcf_gact_init() */ + if (pack % gact->tcfg_pval) return gact->tcf_action; return gact->tcfg_paction; } @@ -85,7 +89,8 @@ static int tcf_gact_init(struct net *net, struct nlattr *nla, #endif if (!tcf_hash_check(parm->index, a, bind)) { - ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*gact), bind); + ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*gact), + bind, true); if (ret) return ret; ret = ACT_P_CREATED; @@ -99,16 +104,19 @@ static int tcf_gact_init(struct net *net, struct nlattr *nla, gact = to_gact(a); - spin_lock_bh(&gact->tcf_lock); + ASSERT_RTNL(); gact->tcf_action = parm->action; #ifdef CONFIG_GACT_PROB if (p_parm) { gact->tcfg_paction = p_parm->paction; - gact->tcfg_pval = p_parm->pval; + gact->tcfg_pval = max_t(u16, 1, p_parm->pval); + /* Make sure tcfg_pval is written before tcfg_ptype + * coupled with smp_rmb() in gact_net_rand() & gact_determ() + */ + smp_wmb(); gact->tcfg_ptype = p_parm->ptype; } #endif - spin_unlock_bh(&gact->tcf_lock); if (ret == ACT_P_CREATED) tcf_hash_insert(a); return ret; @@ -118,23 +126,21 @@ static int tcf_gact(struct sk_buff *skb, const struct tc_action *a, struct tcf_result *res) { struct tcf_gact *gact = a->priv; - int action = TC_ACT_SHOT; + int action = READ_ONCE(gact->tcf_action); - spin_lock(&gact->tcf_lock); #ifdef CONFIG_GACT_PROB - if (gact->tcfg_ptype) - action = gact_rand[gact->tcfg_ptype](gact); - else - action = gact->tcf_action; -#else - action = gact->tcf_action; + { + u32 ptype = READ_ONCE(gact->tcfg_ptype); + + if (ptype) + action = gact_rand[ptype](gact); + } #endif - gact->tcf_bstats.bytes += qdisc_pkt_len(skb); - gact->tcf_bstats.packets++; + bstats_cpu_update(this_cpu_ptr(gact->common.cpu_bstats), skb); if (action == TC_ACT_SHOT) - gact->tcf_qstats.drops++; - gact->tcf_tm.lastuse = jiffies; - spin_unlock(&gact->tcf_lock); + qstats_drop_inc(this_cpu_ptr(gact->common.cpu_qstats)); + + tcf_lastuse_update(&gact->tcf_tm); return action; } diff --git a/net/sched/act_ipt.c b/net/sched/act_ipt.c index cbc8dd7dd48a..99c9cc1c7af9 100644 --- a/net/sched/act_ipt.c +++ b/net/sched/act_ipt.c @@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ static int tcf_ipt_init(struct net *net, struct nlattr *nla, struct nlattr *est, index = nla_get_u32(tb[TCA_IPT_INDEX]); if (!tcf_hash_check(index, a, bind) ) { - ret = tcf_hash_create(index, est, a, sizeof(*ipt), bind); + ret = tcf_hash_create(index, est, a, sizeof(*ipt), bind, false); if (ret) return ret; ret = ACT_P_CREATED; diff --git a/net/sched/act_mirred.c b/net/sched/act_mirred.c index a42a3b257226..19cd8904efa0 100644 --- a/net/sched/act_mirred.c +++ b/net/sched/act_mirred.c @@ -35,9 +35,11 @@ static LIST_HEAD(mirred_list); static void tcf_mirred_release(struct tc_action *a, int bind) { struct tcf_mirred *m = to_mirred(a); + struct net_device *dev = rcu_dereference_protected(m->tcfm_dev, 1); + list_del(&m->tcfm_list); - if (m->tcfm_dev) - dev_put(m->tcfm_dev); + if (dev) + dev_put(dev); } static const struct nla_policy mirred_policy[TCA_MIRRED_MAX + 1] = { @@ -93,7 +95,8 @@ static int tcf_mirred_init(struct net *net, struct nlattr *nla, if (!tcf_hash_check(parm->index, a, bind)) { if (dev == NULL) return -EINVAL; - ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*m), bind); + ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*m), + bind, true); if (ret) return ret; ret = ACT_P_CREATED; @@ -105,18 +108,18 @@ static int tcf_mirred_init(struct net *net, struct nlattr *nla, } m = to_mirred(a); - spin_lock_bh(&m->tcf_lock); + ASSERT_RTNL(); m->tcf_action = parm->action; m->tcfm_eaction = parm->eaction; if (dev != NULL) { m->tcfm_ifindex = parm->ifindex; if (ret != ACT_P_CREATED) - dev_put(m->tcfm_dev); + dev_put(rcu_dereference_protected(m->tcfm_dev, 1)); dev_hold(dev); - m->tcfm_dev = dev; + rcu_assign_pointer(m->tcfm_dev, dev); m->tcfm_ok_push = ok_push; } - spin_unlock_bh(&m->tcf_lock); + if (ret == ACT_P_CREATED) { list_add(&m->tcfm_list, &mirred_list); tcf_hash_insert(a); @@ -131,20 +134,22 @@ static int tcf_mirred(struct sk_buff *skb, const struct tc_action *a, struct tcf_mirred *m = a->priv; struct net_device *dev; struct sk_buff *skb2; + int retval, err; u32 at; - int retval, err = 1; - spin_lock(&m->tcf_lock); - m->tcf_tm.lastuse = jiffies; - bstats_update(&m->tcf_bstats, skb); + tcf_lastuse_update(&m->tcf_tm); + + bstats_cpu_update(this_cpu_ptr(m->common.cpu_bstats), skb); - dev = m->tcfm_dev; - if (!dev) { - printk_once(KERN_NOTICE "tc mirred: target device is gone\n"); + rcu_read_lock(); + retval = READ_ONCE(m->tcf_action); + dev = rcu_dereference(m->tcfm_dev); + if (unlikely(!dev)) { + pr_notice_once("tc mirred: target device is gone\n"); goto out; } - if (!(dev->flags & IFF_UP)) { + if (unlikely(!(dev->flags & IFF_UP))) { net_notice_ratelimited("tc mirred to Houston: device %s is down\n", dev->name); goto out; @@ -152,7 +157,7 @@ static int tcf_mirred(struct sk_buff *skb, const struct tc_action *a, at = G_TC_AT(skb->tc_verd); skb2 = skb_clone(skb, GFP_ATOMIC); - if (skb2 == NULL) + if (!skb2) goto out; if (!(at & AT_EGRESS)) { @@ -168,16 +173,13 @@ static int tcf_mirred(struct sk_buff *skb, const struct tc_action *a, skb2->dev = dev; err = dev_queue_xmit(skb2); -out: if (err) { - m->tcf_qstats.overlimits++; +out: + qstats_overlimit_inc(this_cpu_ptr(m->common.cpu_qstats)); if (m->tcfm_eaction != TCA_EGRESS_MIRROR) retval = TC_ACT_SHOT; - else - retval = m->tcf_action; - } else - retval = m->tcf_action; - spin_unlock(&m->tcf_lock); + } + rcu_read_unlock(); return retval; } @@ -216,14 +218,16 @@ static int mirred_device_event(struct notifier_block *unused, struct net_device *dev = netdev_notifier_info_to_dev(ptr); struct tcf_mirred *m; + ASSERT_RTNL(); if (event == NETDEV_UNREGISTER) list_for_each_entry(m, &mirred_list, tcfm_list) { - spin_lock_bh(&m->tcf_lock); - if (m->tcfm_dev == dev) { + if (rcu_access_pointer(m->tcfm_dev) == dev) { dev_put(dev); - m->tcfm_dev = NULL; + /* Note : no rcu grace period necessary, as + * net_device are already rcu protected. + */ + RCU_INIT_POINTER(m->tcfm_dev, NULL); } - spin_unlock_bh(&m->tcf_lock); } return NOTIFY_DONE; diff --git a/net/sched/act_nat.c b/net/sched/act_nat.c index 270a030d5fd0..5be0b3c1c5b0 100644 --- a/net/sched/act_nat.c +++ b/net/sched/act_nat.c @@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ static int tcf_nat_init(struct net *net, struct nlattr *nla, struct nlattr *est, parm = nla_data(tb[TCA_NAT_PARMS]); if (!tcf_hash_check(parm->index, a, bind)) { - ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*p), bind); + ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*p), + bind, false); if (ret) return ret; ret = ACT_P_CREATED; diff --git a/net/sched/act_pedit.c b/net/sched/act_pedit.c index 17e6d6669c7f..ce8676ad892f 100644 --- a/net/sched/act_pedit.c +++ b/net/sched/act_pedit.c @@ -57,7 +57,8 @@ static int tcf_pedit_init(struct net *net, struct nlattr *nla, if (!tcf_hash_check(parm->index, a, bind)) { if (!parm->nkeys) return -EINVAL; - ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*p), bind); + ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*p), + bind, false); if (ret) return ret; p = to_pedit(a); diff --git a/net/sched/act_simple.c b/net/sched/act_simple.c index 6a8d9488613a..d6b708d6afdf 100644 --- a/net/sched/act_simple.c +++ b/net/sched/act_simple.c @@ -103,7 +103,8 @@ static int tcf_simp_init(struct net *net, struct nlattr *nla, defdata = nla_data(tb[TCA_DEF_DATA]); if (!tcf_hash_check(parm->index, a, bind)) { - ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*d), bind); + ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*d), + bind, false); if (ret) return ret; diff --git a/net/sched/act_skbedit.c b/net/sched/act_skbedit.c index fcfeeaf838be..6751b5f8c046 100644 --- a/net/sched/act_skbedit.c +++ b/net/sched/act_skbedit.c @@ -99,7 +99,8 @@ static int tcf_skbedit_init(struct net *net, struct nlattr *nla, parm = nla_data(tb[TCA_SKBEDIT_PARMS]); if (!tcf_hash_check(parm->index, a, bind)) { - ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*d), bind); + ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*d), + bind, false); if (ret) return ret; diff --git a/net/sched/act_vlan.c b/net/sched/act_vlan.c index d735ecf0b1a7..796785e0bf96 100644 --- a/net/sched/act_vlan.c +++ b/net/sched/act_vlan.c @@ -116,7 +116,8 @@ static int tcf_vlan_init(struct net *net, struct nlattr *nla, action = parm->v_action; if (!tcf_hash_check(parm->index, a, bind)) { - ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*v), bind); + ret = tcf_hash_create(parm->index, est, a, sizeof(*v), + bind, false); if (ret) return ret; |