Btrfs: RAID5 and RAID6

This builds on David Woodhouse's original Btrfs raid5/6 implementation.
The code has changed quite a bit, blame Chris Mason for any bugs.

Read/modify/write is done after the higher levels of the filesystem have
prepared a given bio.  This means the higher layers are not responsible
for building full stripes, and they don't need to query for the topology
of the extents that may get allocated during delayed allocation runs.
It also means different files can easily share the same stripe.

But, it does expose us to incorrect parity if we crash or lose power
while doing a read/modify/write cycle.  This will be addressed in a
later commit.

Scrub is unable to repair crc errors on raid5/6 chunks.

Discard does not work on raid5/6 (yet)

The stripe size is fixed at 64KiB per disk.  This will be tunable
in a later commit.

Signed-off-by: Chris Mason <chris.mason@fusionio.com>

1 files changed, 344 insertions, 41 deletions

diff --git a/fs/btrfs/volumes.c b/fs/btrfs/volumes.c
index 485a5423e3c6..c372264b85bf 100644
--- a/fs/btrfs/volumes.c
+++ b/fs/btrfs/volumes.c
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 #include <linux/capability.h>
 #include <linux/ratelimit.h>
 #include <linux/kthread.h>
+#include <linux/raid/pq.h>
+#include <asm/div64.h>
 #include "compat.h"
 #include "ctree.h"
 #include "extent_map.h"
@@ -32,6 +34,7 @@
 #include "transaction.h"
 #include "print-tree.h"
 #include "volumes.h"
+#include "raid56.h"
 #include "async-thread.h"
 #include "check-integrity.h"
 #include "rcu-string.h"
@@ -1389,6 +1392,14 @@ int btrfs_rm_device(struct btrfs_root *root, char *device_path)
 	}
 	btrfs_dev_replace_unlock(&root->fs_info->dev_replace);
 
+	if ((all_avail & (BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5 |
+			  BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6) && num_devices <= 3)) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "btrfs: unable to go below three devices "
+		       "on raid5 or raid6\n");
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
 	if ((all_avail & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID10) && num_devices <= 4) {
 		printk(KERN_ERR "btrfs: unable to go below four devices "
 		       "on raid10\n");
@@ -1403,6 +1414,21 @@ int btrfs_rm_device(struct btrfs_root *root, char *device_path)
 		goto out;
 	}
 
+	if ((all_avail & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5) &&
+	    root->fs_info->fs_devices->rw_devices <= 2) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "btrfs: unable to go below two "
+		       "devices on raid5\n");
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if ((all_avail & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6) &&
+	    root->fs_info->fs_devices->rw_devices <= 3) {
+		printk(KERN_ERR "btrfs: unable to go below three "
+		       "devices on raid6\n");
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
 	if (strcmp(device_path, "missing") == 0) {
 		struct list_head *devices;
 		struct btrfs_device *tmp;
@@ -2657,11 +2683,15 @@ static int chunk_drange_filter(struct extent_buffer *leaf,
 		return 0;
 
 	if (btrfs_chunk_type(leaf, chunk) & (BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_DUP |
-	     BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID1 | BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID10))
-		factor = 2;
-	else
-		factor = 1;
-	factor = num_stripes / factor;
+	     BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID1 | BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID10)) {
+		factor = num_stripes / 2;
+	} else if (btrfs_chunk_type(leaf, chunk) & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5) {
+		factor = num_stripes - 1;
+	} else if (btrfs_chunk_type(leaf, chunk) & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6) {
+		factor = num_stripes - 2;
+	} else {
+		factor = num_stripes;
+	}
 
 	for (i = 0; i < num_stripes; i++) {
 		stripe = btrfs_stripe_nr(chunk, i);
@@ -2976,6 +3006,7 @@ int btrfs_balance(struct btrfs_balance_control *bctl,
 	int mixed = 0;
 	int ret;
 	u64 num_devices;
+	int cancel = 0;
 
 	if (btrfs_fs_closing(fs_info) ||
 	    atomic_read(&fs_info->balance_pause_req) ||
@@ -3018,7 +3049,9 @@ int btrfs_balance(struct btrfs_balance_control *bctl,
 		allowed |= (BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID0 | BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID1);
 	else
 		allowed |= (BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID0 | BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID1 |
-				BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID10);
+				BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID10 |
+				BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5 |
+				BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6);
 
 	if ((bctl->data.flags & BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_CONVERT) &&
 	    (!alloc_profile_is_valid(bctl->data.target, 1) ||
@@ -3058,7 +3091,10 @@ int btrfs_balance(struct btrfs_balance_control *bctl,
 
 	/* allow to reduce meta or sys integrity only if force set */
 	allowed = BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_DUP | BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID1 |
-			BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID10;
+			BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID10 |
+			BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5 |
+			BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6;
+
 	if (((bctl->sys.flags & BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_CONVERT) &&
 	     (fs_info->avail_system_alloc_bits & allowed) &&
 	     !(bctl->sys.target & allowed)) ||
@@ -3124,15 +3160,17 @@ int btrfs_balance(struct btrfs_balance_control *bctl,
 	}
 
 	if ((ret && ret != -ECANCELED && ret != -ENOSPC) ||
-	    balance_need_close(fs_info)) {
-		__cancel_balance(fs_info);
-	}
+	    balance_need_close(fs_info))
+		cancel = 1;
 
 	if (bctl->sys.flags & BTRFS_BALANCE_ARGS_CONVERT) {
 		fs_info->num_tolerated_disk_barrier_failures =
 			btrfs_calc_num_tolerated_disk_barrier_failures(fs_info);
 	}
 
+	if (cancel)
+		__cancel_balance(fs_info);
+
 	wake_up(&fs_info->balance_wait_q);
 
 	return ret;
@@ -3493,13 +3531,45 @@ static int btrfs_cmp_device_info(const void *a, const void *b)
 }
 
 struct btrfs_raid_attr btrfs_raid_array[BTRFS_NR_RAID_TYPES] = {
+	/*
+	 * sub_stripes info for map,
+	 * dev_stripes -- stripes per dev, 2 for DUP, 1 other wise
+	 * devs_max -- max devices per stripe, 0 for unlimited
+	 * devs_min -- min devices per stripe
+	 * devs_increment -- ndevs must be a multiple of this
+	 * ncopies -- how many copies of the data we have
+	 */
 	{ 2, 1, 0, 4, 2, 2 /* raid10 */ },
 	{ 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2 /* raid1 */ },
 	{ 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 /* dup */ },
 	{ 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1 /* raid0 */ },
 	{ 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 /* single */ },
+	{ 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2 /* raid5 */ },
+	{ 1, 1, 0, 3, 1, 3 /* raid6 */ },
 };
 
+static u32 find_raid56_stripe_len(u32 data_devices, u32 dev_stripe_target)
+{
+	/* TODO allow them to set a preferred stripe size */
+	return 64 * 1024;
+}
+
+static void check_raid56_incompat_flag(struct btrfs_fs_info *info, u64 type)
+{
+	u64 features;
+
+	if (!(type & (BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5 | BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6)))
+		return;
+
+	features = btrfs_super_incompat_flags(info->super_copy);
+	if (features & BTRFS_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_RAID56)
+		return;
+
+	features |= BTRFS_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_RAID56;
+	btrfs_set_super_incompat_flags(info->super_copy, features);
+	printk(KERN_INFO "btrfs: setting RAID5/6 feature flag\n");
+}
+
 static int __btrfs_alloc_chunk(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 			       struct btrfs_root *extent_root,
 			       struct map_lookup **map_ret,
@@ -3515,6 +3585,8 @@ static int __btrfs_alloc_chunk(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 	struct btrfs_device_info *devices_info = NULL;
 	u64 total_avail;
 	int num_stripes;	/* total number of stripes to allocate */
+	int data_stripes;	/* number of stripes that count for
+				   block group size */
 	int sub_stripes;	/* sub_stripes info for map */
 	int dev_stripes;	/* stripes per dev */
 	int devs_max;		/* max devs to use */
@@ -3526,6 +3598,7 @@ static int __btrfs_alloc_chunk(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 	u64 max_chunk_size;
 	u64 stripe_size;
 	u64 num_bytes;
+	u64 raid_stripe_len = BTRFS_STRIPE_LEN;
 	int ndevs;
 	int i;
 	int j;
@@ -3651,16 +3724,31 @@ static int __btrfs_alloc_chunk(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 	stripe_size = devices_info[ndevs-1].max_avail;
 	num_stripes = ndevs * dev_stripes;
 
+	/*
+	 * this will have to be fixed for RAID1 and RAID10 over
+	 * more drives
+	 */
+	data_stripes = num_stripes / ncopies;
+
 	if (stripe_size * ndevs > max_chunk_size * ncopies) {
 		stripe_size = max_chunk_size * ncopies;
 		do_div(stripe_size, ndevs);
 	}
-
+	if (type & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5) {
+		raid_stripe_len = find_raid56_stripe_len(ndevs - 1,
+				 btrfs_super_stripesize(info->super_copy));
+		data_stripes = num_stripes - 1;
+	}
+	if (type & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6) {
+		raid_stripe_len = find_raid56_stripe_len(ndevs - 2,
+				 btrfs_super_stripesize(info->super_copy));
+		data_stripes = num_stripes - 2;
+	}
 	do_div(stripe_size, dev_stripes);
 
 	/* align to BTRFS_STRIPE_LEN */
-	do_div(stripe_size, BTRFS_STRIPE_LEN);
-	stripe_size *= BTRFS_STRIPE_LEN;
+	do_div(stripe_size, raid_stripe_len);
+	stripe_size *= raid_stripe_len;
 
 	map = kmalloc(map_lookup_size(num_stripes), GFP_NOFS);
 	if (!map) {
@@ -3678,14 +3766,14 @@ static int __btrfs_alloc_chunk(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 		}
 	}
 	map->sector_size = extent_root->sectorsize;
-	map->stripe_len = BTRFS_STRIPE_LEN;
-	map->io_align = BTRFS_STRIPE_LEN;
-	map->io_width = BTRFS_STRIPE_LEN;
+	map->stripe_len = raid_stripe_len;
+	map->io_align = raid_stripe_len;
+	map->io_width = raid_stripe_len;
 	map->type = type;
 	map->sub_stripes = sub_stripes;
 
 	*map_ret = map;
-	num_bytes = stripe_size * (num_stripes / ncopies);
+	num_bytes = stripe_size * data_stripes;
 
 	*stripe_size_out = stripe_size;
 	*num_bytes_out = num_bytes;
@@ -3734,6 +3822,8 @@ static int __btrfs_alloc_chunk(struct btrfs_trans_handle *trans,
 		}
 	}
 
+	check_raid56_incompat_flag(extent_root->fs_info, type);
+
 	kfree(devices_info);
 	return 0;
 
@@ -4003,6 +4093,10 @@ int btrfs_num_copies(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, u64 logical, u64 len)
 		ret = map->num_stripes;
 	else if (map->type & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID10)
 		ret = map->sub_stripes;
+	else if (map->type & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5)
+		ret = 2;
+	else if (map->type & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6)
+		ret = 3;
 	else
 		ret = 1;
 	free_extent_map(em);
@@ -4015,6 +4109,52 @@ int btrfs_num_copies(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, u64 logical, u64 len)
 	return ret;
 }
 
+unsigned long btrfs_full_stripe_len(struct btrfs_root *root,
+				    struct btrfs_mapping_tree *map_tree,
+				    u64 logical)
+{
+	struct extent_map *em;
+	struct map_lookup *map;
+	struct extent_map_tree *em_tree = &map_tree->map_tree;
+	unsigned long len = root->sectorsize;
+
+	read_lock(&em_tree->lock);
+	em = lookup_extent_mapping(em_tree, logical, len);
+	read_unlock(&em_tree->lock);
+	BUG_ON(!em);
+
+	BUG_ON(em->start > logical || em->start + em->len < logical);
+	map = (struct map_lookup *)em->bdev;
+	if (map->type & (BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5 |
+			 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6)) {
+		len = map->stripe_len * nr_data_stripes(map);
+	}
+	free_extent_map(em);
+	return len;
+}
+
+int btrfs_is_parity_mirror(struct btrfs_mapping_tree *map_tree,
+			   u64 logical, u64 len, int mirror_num)
+{
+	struct extent_map *em;
+	struct map_lookup *map;
+	struct extent_map_tree *em_tree = &map_tree->map_tree;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	read_lock(&em_tree->lock);
+	em = lookup_extent_mapping(em_tree, logical, len);
+	read_unlock(&em_tree->lock);
+	BUG_ON(!em);
+
+	BUG_ON(em->start > logical || em->start + em->len < logical);
+	map = (struct map_lookup *)em->bdev;
+	if (map->type & (BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5 |
+			 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6))
+		ret = 1;
+	free_extent_map(em);
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static int find_live_mirror(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
 			    struct map_lookup *map, int first, int num,
 			    int optimal, int dev_replace_is_ongoing)
@@ -4052,10 +4192,39 @@ static int find_live_mirror(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
 	return optimal;
 }
 
+static inline int parity_smaller(u64 a, u64 b)
+{
+	return a > b;
+}
+
+/* Bubble-sort the stripe set to put the parity/syndrome stripes last */
+static void sort_parity_stripes(struct btrfs_bio *bbio, u64 *raid_map)
+{
+	struct btrfs_bio_stripe s;
+	int i;
+	u64 l;
+	int again = 1;
+
+	while (again) {
+		again = 0;
+		for (i = 0; i < bbio->num_stripes - 1; i++) {
+			if (parity_smaller(raid_map[i], raid_map[i+1])) {
+				s = bbio->stripes[i];
+				l = raid_map[i];
+				bbio->stripes[i] = bbio->stripes[i+1];
+				raid_map[i] = raid_map[i+1];
+				bbio->stripes[i+1] = s;
+				raid_map[i+1] = l;
+				again = 1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 static int __btrfs_map_block(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, int rw,
 			     u64 logical, u64 *length,
 			     struct btrfs_bio **bbio_ret,
-			     int mirror_num)
+			     int mirror_num, u64 **raid_map_ret)
 {
 	struct extent_map *em;
 	struct map_lookup *map;
@@ -4067,6 +4236,8 @@ static int __btrfs_map_block(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, int rw,
 	u64 stripe_nr;
 	u64 stripe_nr_orig;
 	u64 stripe_nr_end;
+	u64 stripe_len;
+	u64 *raid_map = NULL;
 	int stripe_index;
 	int i;
 	int ret = 0;
@@ -4078,6 +4249,7 @@ static int __btrfs_map_block(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, int rw,
 	int num_alloc_stripes;
 	int patch_the_first_stripe_for_dev_replace = 0;
 	u64 physical_to_patch_in_first_stripe = 0;
+	u64 raid56_full_stripe_start = (u64)-1;
 
 	read_lock(&em_tree->lock);
 	em = lookup_extent_mapping(em_tree, logical, *length);
@@ -4094,29 +4266,63 @@ static int __btrfs_map_block(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, int rw,
 	map = (struct map_lookup *)em->bdev;
 	offset = logical - em->start;
 
+	if (mirror_num > map->num_stripes)
+		mirror_num = 0;
+
+	stripe_len = map->stripe_len;
 	stripe_nr = offset;
 	/*
 	 * stripe_nr counts the total number of stripes we have to stride
 	 * to get to this block
 	 */
-	do_div(stripe_nr, map->stripe_len);
+	do_div(stripe_nr, stripe_len);
 
-	stripe_offset = stripe_nr * map->stripe_len;
+	stripe_offset = stripe_nr * stripe_len;
 	BUG_ON(offset < stripe_offset);
 
 	/* stripe_offset is the offset of this block in its stripe*/
 	stripe_offset = offset - stripe_offset;
 
-	if (rw & REQ_DISCARD)
+	/* if we're here for raid56, we need to know the stripe aligned start */
+	if (map->type & (BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5 | BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6)) {
+		unsigned long full_stripe_len = stripe_len * nr_data_stripes(map);
+		raid56_full_stripe_start = offset;
+
+		/* allow a write of a full stripe, but make sure we don't
+		 * allow straddling of stripes
+		 */
+		do_div(raid56_full_stripe_start, full_stripe_len);
+		raid56_full_stripe_start *= full_stripe_len;
+	}
+
+	if (rw & REQ_DISCARD) {
+		/* we don't discard raid56 yet */
+		if (map->type &
+		    (BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5 | BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6)) {
+			ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+			goto out;
+		}
 		*length = min_t(u64, em->len - offset, *length);
-	else if (map->type & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_PROFILE_MASK) {
-		/* we limit the length of each bio to what fits in a stripe */
-		*length = min_t(u64, em->len - offset,
-				map->stripe_len - stripe_offset);
+	} else if (map->type & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_PROFILE_MASK) {
+		u64 max_len;
+		/* For writes to RAID[56], allow a full stripeset across all disks.
+		   For other RAID types and for RAID[56] reads, just allow a single
+		   stripe (on a single disk). */
+		if (map->type & (BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5 | BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6) &&
+		    (rw & REQ_WRITE)) {
+			max_len = stripe_len * nr_data_stripes(map) -
+				(offset - raid56_full_stripe_start);
+		} else {
+			/* we limit the length of each bio to what fits in a stripe */
+			max_len = stripe_len - stripe_offset;
+		}
+		*length = min_t(u64, em->len - offset, max_len);
 	} else {
 		*length = em->len - offset;
 	}
 
+	/* This is for when we're called from btrfs_merge_bio_hook() and all
+	   it cares about is the length */
 	if (!bbio_ret)
 		goto out;
 
@@ -4149,7 +4355,7 @@ static int __btrfs_map_block(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, int rw,
 		u64 physical_of_found = 0;
 
 		ret = __btrfs_map_block(fs_info, REQ_GET_READ_MIRRORS,
-			     logical, &tmp_length, &tmp_bbio, 0);
+			     logical, &tmp_length, &tmp_bbio, 0, NULL);
 		if (ret) {
 			WARN_ON(tmp_bbio != NULL);
 			goto out;
@@ -4215,6 +4421,7 @@ static int __btrfs_map_block(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, int rw,
 	do_div(stripe_nr_end, map->stripe_len);
 	stripe_end_offset = stripe_nr_end * map->stripe_len -
 			    (offset + *length);
+
 	if (map->type & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID0) {
 		if (rw & REQ_DISCARD)
 			num_stripes = min_t(u64, map->num_stripes,
@@ -4265,6 +4472,65 @@ static int __btrfs_map_block(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, int rw,
 					      dev_replace_is_ongoing);
 			mirror_num = stripe_index - old_stripe_index + 1;
 		}
+
+	} else if (map->type & (BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5 |
+				BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6)) {
+		u64 tmp;
+
+		if (bbio_ret && ((rw & REQ_WRITE) || mirror_num > 1)
+		    && raid_map_ret) {
+			int i, rot;
+
+			/* push stripe_nr back to the start of the full stripe */
+			stripe_nr = raid56_full_stripe_start;
+			do_div(stripe_nr, stripe_len);
+
+			stripe_index = do_div(stripe_nr, nr_data_stripes(map));
+
+			/* RAID[56] write or recovery. Return all stripes */
+			num_stripes = map->num_stripes;
+			max_errors = nr_parity_stripes(map);
+
+			raid_map = kmalloc(sizeof(u64) * num_stripes,
+					   GFP_NOFS);
+			if (!raid_map) {
+				ret = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			/* Work out the disk rotation on this stripe-set */
+			tmp = stripe_nr;
+			rot = do_div(tmp, num_stripes);
+
+			/* Fill in the logical address of each stripe */
+			tmp = stripe_nr * nr_data_stripes(map);
+			for (i = 0; i < nr_data_stripes(map); i++)
+				raid_map[(i+rot) % num_stripes] =
+					em->start + (tmp + i) * map->stripe_len;
+
+			raid_map[(i+rot) % map->num_stripes] = RAID5_P_STRIPE;
+			if (map->type & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6)
+				raid_map[(i+rot+1) % num_stripes] =
+					RAID6_Q_STRIPE;
+
+			*length = map->stripe_len;
+			stripe_index = 0;
+			stripe_offset = 0;
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * Mirror #0 or #1 means the original data block.
+			 * Mirror #2 is RAID5 parity block.
+			 * Mirror #3 is RAID6 Q block.
+			 */
+			stripe_index = do_div(stripe_nr, nr_data_stripes(map));
+			if (mirror_num > 1)
+				stripe_index = nr_data_stripes(map) +
+						mirror_num - 2;
+
+			/* We distribute the parity blocks across stripes */
+			tmp = stripe_nr + stripe_index;
+			stripe_index = do_div(tmp, map->num_stripes);
+		}
 	} else {
 		/*
 		 * after this do_div call, stripe_nr is the number of stripes
@@ -4373,8 +4639,11 @@ static int __btrfs_map_block(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, int rw,
 	if (rw & (REQ_WRITE | REQ_GET_READ_MIRRORS)) {
 		if (map->type & (BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID1 |
 				 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID10 |
+				 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5 |
 				 BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_DUP)) {
 			max_errors = 1;
+		} else if (map->type & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6) {
+			max_errors = 2;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -4475,6 +4744,10 @@ static int __btrfs_map_block(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, int rw,
 		bbio->stripes[0].physical = physical_to_patch_in_first_stripe;
 		bbio->mirror_num = map->num_stripes + 1;
 	}
+	if (raid_map) {
+		sort_parity_stripes(bbio, raid_map);
+		*raid_map_ret = raid_map;
+	}
 out:
 	if (dev_replace_is_ongoing)
 		btrfs_dev_replace_unlock(dev_replace);
@@ -4487,7 +4760,7 @@ int btrfs_map_block(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info, int rw,
 		      struct btrfs_bio **bbio_ret, int mirror_num)
 {
 	return __btrfs_map_block(fs_info, rw, logical, length, bbio_ret,
-				 mirror_num);
+				 mirror_num, NULL);
 }
 
 int btrfs_rmap_block(struct btrfs_mapping_tree *map_tree,
@@ -4501,6 +4774,7 @@ int btrfs_rmap_block(struct btrfs_mapping_tree *map_tree,
 	u64 bytenr;
 	u64 length;
 	u64 stripe_nr;
+	u64 rmap_len;
 	int i, j, nr = 0;
 
 	read_lock(&em_tree->lock);
@@ -4511,10 +4785,17 @@ int btrfs_rmap_block(struct btrfs_mapping_tree *map_tree,
 	map = (struct map_lookup *)em->bdev;
 
 	length = em->len;
+	rmap_len = map->stripe_len;
+
 	if (map->type & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID10)
 		do_div(length, map->num_stripes / map->sub_stripes);
 	else if (map->type & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID0)
 		do_div(length, map->num_stripes);
+	else if (map->type & (BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID5 |
+			      BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID6)) {
+		do_div(length, nr_data_stripes(map));
+		rmap_len = map->stripe_len * nr_data_stripes(map);
+	}
 
 	buf = kzalloc(sizeof(u64) * map->num_stripes, GFP_NOFS);
 	BUG_ON(!buf); /* -ENOMEM */
@@ -4534,8 +4815,11 @@ int btrfs_rmap_block(struct btrfs_mapping_tree *map_tree,
 			do_div(stripe_nr, map->sub_stripes);
 		} else if (map->type & BTRFS_BLOCK_GROUP_RAID0) {
 			stripe_nr = stripe_nr * map->num_stripes + i;
-		}
-		bytenr = chunk_start + stripe_nr * map->stripe_len;
+		} /* else if RAID[56], multiply by nr_data_stripes().
+		   * Alternatively, just use rmap_len below instead of
+		   * map->stripe_len */
+
+		bytenr = chunk_start + stripe_nr * rmap_len;
 		WARN_ON(nr >= map->num_stripes);
 		for (j = 0; j < nr; j++) {
 			if (buf[j] == bytenr)
@@ -4549,7 +4833,7 @@ int btrfs_rmap_block(struct btrfs_mapping_tree *map_tree,
 
 	*logical = buf;
 	*naddrs = nr;
-	*stripe_len = map->stripe_len;
+	*stripe_len = rmap_len;
 
 	free_extent_map(em);
 	return 0;
@@ -4623,7 +4907,7 @@ static void btrfs_end_bio(struct bio *bio, int err)
 		bio->bi_bdev = (struct block_device *)
 					(unsigned long)bbio->mirror_num;
 		/* only send an error to the higher layers if it is
-		 * beyond the tolerance of the multi-bio
+		 * beyond the tolerance of the btrfs bio
 		 */
 		if (atomic_read(&bbio->error) > bbio->max_errors) {
 			err = -EIO;
@@ -4657,13 +4941,18 @@ struct async_sched {
  * This will add one bio to the pending list for a device and make sure
  * the work struct is scheduled.
  */
-static noinline void schedule_bio(struct btrfs_root *root,
+noinline void btrfs_schedule_bio(struct btrfs_root *root,
 				 struct btrfs_device *device,
 				 int rw, struct bio *bio)
 {
 	int should_queue = 1;
 	struct btrfs_pending_bios *pending_bios;
 
+	if (device->missing || !device->bdev) {
+		bio_endio(bio, -EIO);
+		return;
+	}
+
 	/* don't bother with additional async steps for reads, right now */
 	if (!(rw & REQ_WRITE)) {
 		bio_get(bio);
@@ -4761,7 +5050,7 @@ static void submit_stripe_bio(struct btrfs_root *root, struct btrfs_bio *bbio,
 #endif
 	bio->bi_bdev = dev->bdev;
 	if (async)
-		schedule_bio(root, dev, rw, bio);
+		btrfs_schedule_bio(root, dev, rw, bio);
 	else
 		btrfsic_submit_bio(rw, bio);
 }
@@ -4820,6 +5109,7 @@ int btrfs_map_bio(struct btrfs_root *root, int rw, struct bio *bio,
 	u64 logical = (u64)bio->bi_sector << 9;
 	u64 length = 0;
 	u64 map_length;
+	u64 *raid_map = NULL;
 	int ret;
 	int dev_nr = 0;
 	int total_devs = 1;
@@ -4828,12 +5118,30 @@ int btrfs_map_bio(struct btrfs_root *root, int rw, struct bio *bio,
 	length = bio->bi_size;
 	map_length = length;
 
-	ret = btrfs_map_block(root->fs_info, rw, logical, &map_length, &bbio,
-			      mirror_num);
-	if (ret)
+	ret = __btrfs_map_block(root->fs_info, rw, logical, &map_length, &bbio,
+			      mirror_num, &raid_map);
+	if (ret) /* -ENOMEM */
 		return ret;
 
 	total_devs = bbio->num_stripes;
+	bbio->orig_bio = first_bio;
+	bbio->private = first_bio->bi_private;
+	bbio->end_io = first_bio->bi_end_io;
+	atomic_set(&bbio->stripes_pending, bbio->num_stripes);
+
+	if (raid_map) {
+		/* In this case, map_length has been set to the length of
+		   a single stripe; not the whole write */
+		if (rw & WRITE) {
+			return raid56_parity_write(root, bio, bbio,
+						   raid_map, map_length);
+		} else {
+			return raid56_parity_recover(root, bio, bbio,
+						     raid_map, map_length,
+						     mirror_num);
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (map_length < length) {
 		printk(KERN_CRIT "btrfs: mapping failed logical %llu bio len %llu "
 		       "len %llu\n", (unsigned long long)logical,
@@ -4842,11 +5150,6 @@ int btrfs_map_bio(struct btrfs_root *root, int rw, struct bio *bio,
 		BUG();
 	}
 
-	bbio->orig_bio = first_bio;
-	bbio->private = first_bio->bi_private;
-	bbio->end_io = first_bio->bi_end_io;
-	atomic_set(&bbio->stripes_pending, bbio->num_stripes);
-
 	while (dev_nr < total_devs) {
 		dev = bbio->stripes[dev_nr].dev;
 		if (!dev || !dev->bdev || (rw & WRITE && !dev->writeable)) {