Merge tag 'vfio-v5.8-rc1' of git://github.com/awilliam/linux-vfio

Pull VFIO updates from Alex Williamson:

 - Block accesses to disabled MMIO space (Alex Williamson)

 - VFIO device migration API (Kirti Wankhede)

 - type1 IOMMU dirty bitmap API and implementation (Kirti Wankhede)

 - PCI NULL capability masking (Alex Williamson)

 - Memory leak fixes (Qian Cai)

 - Reference leak fix (Qiushi Wu)

* tag 'vfio-v5.8-rc1' of git://github.com/awilliam/linux-vfio:
  vfio iommu: typecast corrections
  vfio iommu: Use shift operation for 64-bit integer division
  vfio/mdev: Fix reference count leak in add_mdev_supported_type
  vfio: Selective dirty page tracking if IOMMU backed device pins pages
  vfio iommu: Add migration capability to report supported features
  vfio iommu: Update UNMAP_DMA ioctl to get dirty bitmap before unmap
  vfio iommu: Implementation of ioctl for dirty pages tracking
  vfio iommu: Add ioctl definition for dirty pages tracking
  vfio iommu: Cache pgsize_bitmap in struct vfio_iommu
  vfio iommu: Remove atomicity of ref_count of pinned pages
  vfio: UAPI for migration interface for device state
  vfio/pci: fix memory leaks of eventfd ctx
  vfio/pci: fix memory leaks in alloc_perm_bits()
  vfio-pci: Mask cap zero
  vfio-pci: Invalidate mmaps and block MMIO access on disabled memory
  vfio-pci: Fault mmaps to enable vma tracking
  vfio/type1: Support faulting PFNMAP vmas

8 files changed, 979 insertions, 101 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/vfio/mdev/mdev_sysfs.c b/drivers/vfio/mdev/mdev_sysfs.c
index 8ad14e5c02bf..917fd84c1c6f 100644
--- a/drivers/vfio/mdev/mdev_sysfs.c
+++ b/drivers/vfio/mdev/mdev_sysfs.c
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ static struct mdev_type *add_mdev_supported_type(struct mdev_parent *parent,
 				   "%s-%s", dev_driver_string(parent->dev),
 				   group->name);
 	if (ret) {
-		kfree(type);
+		kobject_put(&type->kobj);
 		return ERR_PTR(ret);
 	}
 
diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci.c
index 6c6b37b5c04e..3fc198f3eeb5 100644
--- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci.c
+++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <linux/vfio.h>
 #include <linux/vgaarb.h>
 #include <linux/nospec.h>
+#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
 
 #include "vfio_pci_private.h"
 
@@ -184,6 +185,7 @@ no_mmap:
 
 static void vfio_pci_try_bus_reset(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev);
 static void vfio_pci_disable(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev);
+static int vfio_pci_try_zap_and_vma_lock_cb(struct pci_dev *pdev, void *data);
 
 /*
  * INTx masking requires the ability to disable INTx signaling via PCI_COMMAND
@@ -519,6 +521,10 @@ static void vfio_pci_release(void *device_data)
 		vfio_pci_vf_token_user_add(vdev, -1);
 		vfio_spapr_pci_eeh_release(vdev->pdev);
 		vfio_pci_disable(vdev);
+		if (vdev->err_trigger)
+			eventfd_ctx_put(vdev->err_trigger);
+		if (vdev->req_trigger)
+			eventfd_ctx_put(vdev->req_trigger);
 	}
 
 	mutex_unlock(&vdev->reflck->lock);
@@ -736,6 +742,12 @@ int vfio_pci_register_dev_region(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+struct vfio_devices {
+	struct vfio_device **devices;
+	int cur_index;
+	int max_index;
+};
+
 static long vfio_pci_ioctl(void *device_data,
 			   unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 {
@@ -809,7 +821,7 @@ static long vfio_pci_ioctl(void *device_data,
 		{
 			void __iomem *io;
 			size_t size;
-			u16 orig_cmd;
+			u16 cmd;
 
 			info.offset = VFIO_PCI_INDEX_TO_OFFSET(info.index);
 			info.flags = 0;
@@ -829,10 +841,7 @@ static long vfio_pci_ioctl(void *device_data,
 			 * Is it really there?  Enable memory decode for
 			 * implicit access in pci_map_rom().
 			 */
-			pci_read_config_word(pdev, PCI_COMMAND, &orig_cmd);
-			pci_write_config_word(pdev, PCI_COMMAND,
-					      orig_cmd | PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY);
-
+			cmd = vfio_pci_memory_lock_and_enable(vdev);
 			io = pci_map_rom(pdev, &size);
 			if (io) {
 				info.flags = VFIO_REGION_INFO_FLAG_READ;
@@ -840,8 +849,8 @@ static long vfio_pci_ioctl(void *device_data,
 			} else {
 				info.size = 0;
 			}
+			vfio_pci_memory_unlock_and_restore(vdev, cmd);
 
-			pci_write_config_word(pdev, PCI_COMMAND, orig_cmd);
 			break;
 		}
 		case VFIO_PCI_VGA_REGION_INDEX:
@@ -984,8 +993,16 @@ static long vfio_pci_ioctl(void *device_data,
 		return ret;
 
 	} else if (cmd == VFIO_DEVICE_RESET) {
-		return vdev->reset_works ?
-			pci_try_reset_function(vdev->pdev) : -EINVAL;
+		int ret;
+
+		if (!vdev->reset_works)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev);
+		ret = pci_try_reset_function(vdev->pdev);
+		up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
+
+		return ret;
 
 	} else if (cmd == VFIO_DEVICE_GET_PCI_HOT_RESET_INFO) {
 		struct vfio_pci_hot_reset_info hdr;
@@ -1065,8 +1082,9 @@ reset_info_exit:
 		int32_t *group_fds;
 		struct vfio_pci_group_entry *groups;
 		struct vfio_pci_group_info info;
+		struct vfio_devices devs = { .cur_index = 0 };
 		bool slot = false;
-		int i, count = 0, ret = 0;
+		int i, group_idx, mem_idx = 0, count = 0, ret = 0;
 
 		minsz = offsetofend(struct vfio_pci_hot_reset, count);
 
@@ -1118,9 +1136,9 @@ reset_info_exit:
 		 * user interface and store the group and iommu ID.  This
 		 * ensures the group is held across the reset.
 		 */
-		for (i = 0; i < hdr.count; i++) {
+		for (group_idx = 0; group_idx < hdr.count; group_idx++) {
 			struct vfio_group *group;
-			struct fd f = fdget(group_fds[i]);
+			struct fd f = fdget(group_fds[group_idx]);
 			if (!f.file) {
 				ret = -EBADF;
 				break;
@@ -1133,8 +1151,9 @@ reset_info_exit:
 				break;
 			}
 
-			groups[i].group = group;
-			groups[i].id = vfio_external_user_iommu_id(group);
+			groups[group_idx].group = group;
+			groups[group_idx].id =
+					vfio_external_user_iommu_id(group);
 		}
 
 		kfree(group_fds);
@@ -1153,13 +1172,63 @@ reset_info_exit:
 		ret = vfio_pci_for_each_slot_or_bus(vdev->pdev,
 						    vfio_pci_validate_devs,
 						    &info, slot);
-		if (!ret)
-			/* User has access, do the reset */
-			ret = pci_reset_bus(vdev->pdev);
+		if (ret)
+			goto hot_reset_release;
+
+		devs.max_index = count;
+		devs.devices = kcalloc(count, sizeof(struct vfio_device *),
+				       GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!devs.devices) {
+			ret = -ENOMEM;
+			goto hot_reset_release;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * We need to get memory_lock for each device, but devices
+		 * can share mmap_sem, therefore we need to zap and hold
+		 * the vma_lock for each device, and only then get each
+		 * memory_lock.
+		 */
+		ret = vfio_pci_for_each_slot_or_bus(vdev->pdev,
+					    vfio_pci_try_zap_and_vma_lock_cb,
+					    &devs, slot);
+		if (ret)
+			goto hot_reset_release;
+
+		for (; mem_idx < devs.cur_index; mem_idx++) {
+			struct vfio_pci_device *tmp;
+
+			tmp = vfio_device_data(devs.devices[mem_idx]);
+
+			ret = down_write_trylock(&tmp->memory_lock);
+			if (!ret) {
+				ret = -EBUSY;
+				goto hot_reset_release;
+			}
+			mutex_unlock(&tmp->vma_lock);
+		}
+
+		/* User has access, do the reset */
+		ret = pci_reset_bus(vdev->pdev);
 
 hot_reset_release:
-		for (i--; i >= 0; i--)
-			vfio_group_put_external_user(groups[i].group);
+		for (i = 0; i < devs.cur_index; i++) {
+			struct vfio_device *device;
+			struct vfio_pci_device *tmp;
+
+			device = devs.devices[i];
+			tmp = vfio_device_data(device);
+
+			if (i < mem_idx)
+				up_write(&tmp->memory_lock);
+			else
+				mutex_unlock(&tmp->vma_lock);
+			vfio_device_put(device);
+		}
+		kfree(devs.devices);
+
+		for (group_idx--; group_idx >= 0; group_idx--)
+			vfio_group_put_external_user(groups[group_idx].group);
 
 		kfree(groups);
 		return ret;
@@ -1299,6 +1368,202 @@ static ssize_t vfio_pci_write(void *device_data, const char __user *buf,
 	return vfio_pci_rw(device_data, (char __user *)buf, count, ppos, true);
 }
 
+/* Return 1 on zap and vma_lock acquired, 0 on contention (only with @try) */
+static int vfio_pci_zap_and_vma_lock(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev, bool try)
+{
+	struct vfio_pci_mmap_vma *mmap_vma, *tmp;
+
+	/*
+	 * Lock ordering:
+	 * vma_lock is nested under mmap_sem for vm_ops callback paths.
+	 * The memory_lock semaphore is used by both code paths calling
+	 * into this function to zap vmas and the vm_ops.fault callback
+	 * to protect the memory enable state of the device.
+	 *
+	 * When zapping vmas we need to maintain the mmap_sem => vma_lock
+	 * ordering, which requires using vma_lock to walk vma_list to
+	 * acquire an mm, then dropping vma_lock to get the mmap_sem and
+	 * reacquiring vma_lock.  This logic is derived from similar
+	 * requirements in uverbs_user_mmap_disassociate().
+	 *
+	 * mmap_sem must always be the top-level lock when it is taken.
+	 * Therefore we can only hold the memory_lock write lock when
+	 * vma_list is empty, as we'd need to take mmap_sem to clear
+	 * entries.  vma_list can only be guaranteed empty when holding
+	 * vma_lock, thus memory_lock is nested under vma_lock.
+	 *
+	 * This enables the vm_ops.fault callback to acquire vma_lock,
+	 * followed by memory_lock read lock, while already holding
+	 * mmap_sem without risk of deadlock.
+	 */
+	while (1) {
+		struct mm_struct *mm = NULL;
+
+		if (try) {
+			if (!mutex_trylock(&vdev->vma_lock))
+				return 0;
+		} else {
+			mutex_lock(&vdev->vma_lock);
+		}
+		while (!list_empty(&vdev->vma_list)) {
+			mmap_vma = list_first_entry(&vdev->vma_list,
+						    struct vfio_pci_mmap_vma,
+						    vma_next);
+			mm = mmap_vma->vma->vm_mm;
+			if (mmget_not_zero(mm))
+				break;
+
+			list_del(&mmap_vma->vma_next);
+			kfree(mmap_vma);
+			mm = NULL;
+		}
+		if (!mm)
+			return 1;
+		mutex_unlock(&vdev->vma_lock);
+
+		if (try) {
+			if (!down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)) {
+				mmput(mm);
+				return 0;
+			}
+		} else {
+			down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
+		}
+		if (mmget_still_valid(mm)) {
+			if (try) {
+				if (!mutex_trylock(&vdev->vma_lock)) {
+					up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
+					mmput(mm);
+					return 0;
+				}
+			} else {
+				mutex_lock(&vdev->vma_lock);
+			}
+			list_for_each_entry_safe(mmap_vma, tmp,
+						 &vdev->vma_list, vma_next) {
+				struct vm_area_struct *vma = mmap_vma->vma;
+
+				if (vma->vm_mm != mm)
+					continue;
+
+				list_del(&mmap_vma->vma_next);
+				kfree(mmap_vma);
+
+				zap_vma_ptes(vma, vma->vm_start,
+					     vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start);
+			}
+			mutex_unlock(&vdev->vma_lock);
+		}
+		up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
+		mmput(mm);
+	}
+}
+
+void vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev)
+{
+	vfio_pci_zap_and_vma_lock(vdev, false);
+	down_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
+	mutex_unlock(&vdev->vma_lock);
+}
+
+u16 vfio_pci_memory_lock_and_enable(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev)
+{
+	u16 cmd;
+
+	down_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
+	pci_read_config_word(vdev->pdev, PCI_COMMAND, &cmd);
+	if (!(cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY))
+		pci_write_config_word(vdev->pdev, PCI_COMMAND,
+				      cmd | PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY);
+
+	return cmd;
+}
+
+void vfio_pci_memory_unlock_and_restore(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev, u16 cmd)
+{
+	pci_write_config_word(vdev->pdev, PCI_COMMAND, cmd);
+	up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
+}
+
+/* Caller holds vma_lock */
+static int __vfio_pci_add_vma(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev,
+			      struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+	struct vfio_pci_mmap_vma *mmap_vma;
+
+	mmap_vma = kmalloc(sizeof(*mmap_vma), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!mmap_vma)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	mmap_vma->vma = vma;
+	list_add(&mmap_vma->vma_next, &vdev->vma_list);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Zap mmaps on open so that we can fault them in on access and therefore
+ * our vma_list only tracks mappings accessed since last zap.
+ */
+static void vfio_pci_mmap_open(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+	zap_vma_ptes(vma, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start);
+}
+
+static void vfio_pci_mmap_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+	struct vfio_pci_device *vdev = vma->vm_private_data;
+	struct vfio_pci_mmap_vma *mmap_vma;
+
+	mutex_lock(&vdev->vma_lock);
+	list_for_each_entry(mmap_vma, &vdev->vma_list, vma_next) {
+		if (mmap_vma->vma == vma) {
+			list_del(&mmap_vma->vma_next);
+			kfree(mmap_vma);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	mutex_unlock(&vdev->vma_lock);
+}
+
+static vm_fault_t vfio_pci_mmap_fault(struct vm_fault *vmf)
+{
+	struct vm_area_struct *vma = vmf->vma;
+	struct vfio_pci_device *vdev = vma->vm_private_data;
+	vm_fault_t ret = VM_FAULT_NOPAGE;
+
+	mutex_lock(&vdev->vma_lock);
+	down_read(&vdev->memory_lock);
+
+	if (!__vfio_pci_memory_enabled(vdev)) {
+		ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
+		mutex_unlock(&vdev->vma_lock);
+		goto up_out;
+	}
+
+	if (__vfio_pci_add_vma(vdev, vma)) {
+		ret = VM_FAULT_OOM;
+		mutex_unlock(&vdev->vma_lock);
+		goto up_out;
+	}
+
+	mutex_unlock(&vdev->vma_lock);
+
+	if (remap_pfn_range(vma, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_pgoff,
+			    vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start, vma->vm_page_prot))
+		ret = VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
+
+up_out:
+	up_read(&vdev->memory_lock);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static const struct vm_operations_struct vfio_pci_mmap_ops = {
+	.open = vfio_pci_mmap_open,
+	.close = vfio_pci_mmap_close,
+	.fault = vfio_pci_mmap_fault,
+};
+
 static int vfio_pci_mmap(void *device_data, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 {
 	struct vfio_pci_device *vdev = device_data;
@@ -1357,8 +1622,14 @@ static int vfio_pci_mmap(void *device_data, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
 	vma->vm_page_prot = pgprot_noncached(vma->vm_page_prot);
 	vma->vm_pgoff = (pci_resource_start(pdev, index) >> PAGE_SHIFT) + pgoff;
 
-	return remap_pfn_range(vma, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_pgoff,
-			       req_len, vma->vm_page_prot);
+	/*
+	 * See remap_pfn_range(), called from vfio_pci_fault() but we can't
+	 * change vm_flags within the fault handler.  Set them now.
+	 */
+	vma->vm_flags |= VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP | VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP;
+	vma->vm_ops = &vfio_pci_mmap_ops;
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static void vfio_pci_request(void *device_data, unsigned int count)
@@ -1608,6 +1879,9 @@ static int vfio_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *pdev, const struct pci_device_id *id)
 	spin_lock_init(&vdev->irqlock);
 	mutex_init(&vdev->ioeventfds_lock);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vdev->ioeventfds_list);
+	mutex_init(&vdev->vma_lock);
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vdev->vma_list);
+	init_rwsem(&vdev->memory_lock);
 
 	ret = vfio_add_group_dev(&pdev->dev, &vfio_pci_ops, vdev);
 	if (ret)
@@ -1861,12 +2135,6 @@ static void vfio_pci_reflck_put(struct vfio_pci_reflck *reflck)
 	kref_put_mutex(&reflck->kref, vfio_pci_reflck_release, &reflck_lock);
 }
 
-struct vfio_devices {
-	struct vfio_device **devices;
-	int cur_index;
-	int max_index;
-};
-
 static int vfio_pci_get_unused_devs(struct pci_dev *pdev, void *data)
 {
 	struct vfio_devices *devs = data;
@@ -1897,6 +2165,39 @@ static int vfio_pci_get_unused_devs(struct pci_dev *pdev, void *data)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int vfio_pci_try_zap_and_vma_lock_cb(struct pci_dev *pdev, void *data)
+{
+	struct vfio_devices *devs = data;
+	struct vfio_device *device;
+	struct vfio_pci_device *vdev;
+
+	if (devs->cur_index == devs->max_index)
+		return -ENOSPC;
+
+	device = vfio_device_get_from_dev(&pdev->dev);
+	if (!device)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (pci_dev_driver(pdev) != &vfio_pci_driver) {
+		vfio_device_put(device);
+		return -EBUSY;
+	}
+
+	vdev = vfio_device_data(device);
+
+	/*
+	 * Locking multiple devices is prone to deadlock, runaway and
+	 * unwind if we hit contention.
+	 */
+	if (!vfio_pci_zap_and_vma_lock(vdev, true)) {
+		vfio_device_put(device);
+		return -EBUSY;
+	}
+
+	devs->devices[devs->cur_index++] = device;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * If a bus or slot reset is available for the provided device and:
  *  - All of the devices affected by that bus or slot reset are unused
diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c
index 90c0b80f8acf..8746c943247a 100644
--- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c
+++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_config.c
@@ -395,6 +395,14 @@ static inline void p_setd(struct perm_bits *p, int off, u32 virt, u32 write)
 	*(__le32 *)(&p->write[off]) = cpu_to_le32(write);
 }
 
+/* Caller should hold memory_lock semaphore */
+bool __vfio_pci_memory_enabled(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev)
+{
+	u16 cmd = le16_to_cpu(*(__le16 *)&vdev->vconfig[PCI_COMMAND]);
+
+	return cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY;
+}
+
 /*
  * Restore the *real* BARs after we detect a FLR or backdoor reset.
  * (backdoor = some device specific technique that we didn't catch)
@@ -556,13 +564,18 @@ static int vfio_basic_config_write(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev, int pos,
 
 		new_cmd = le32_to_cpu(val);
 
+		phys_io = !!(phys_cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO);
+		virt_io = !!(le16_to_cpu(*virt_cmd) & PCI_COMMAND_IO);
+		new_io = !!(new_cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO);
+
 		phys_mem = !!(phys_cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY);
 		virt_mem = !!(le16_to_cpu(*virt_cmd) & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY);
 		new_mem = !!(new_cmd & PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY);
 
-		phys_io = !!(phys_cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO);
-		virt_io = !!(le16_to_cpu(*virt_cmd) & PCI_COMMAND_IO);
-		new_io = !!(new_cmd & PCI_COMMAND_IO);
+		if (!new_mem)
+			vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev);
+		else
+			down_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
 
 		/*
 		 * If the user is writing mem/io enable (new_mem/io) and we
@@ -579,8 +592,11 @@ static int vfio_basic_config_write(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev, int pos,
 	}
 
 	count = vfio_default_config_write(vdev, pos, count, perm, offset, val);
-	if (count < 0)
+	if (count < 0) {
+		if (offset == PCI_COMMAND)
+			up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
 		return count;
+	}
 
 	/*
 	 * Save current memory/io enable bits in vconfig to allow for
@@ -591,6 +607,8 @@ static int vfio_basic_config_write(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev, int pos,
 
 		*virt_cmd &= cpu_to_le16(~mask);
 		*virt_cmd |= cpu_to_le16(new_cmd & mask);
+
+		up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
 	}
 
 	/* Emulate INTx disable */
@@ -828,8 +846,11 @@ static int vfio_exp_config_write(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev, int pos,
 						 pos - offset + PCI_EXP_DEVCAP,
 						 &cap);
 
-		if (!ret && (cap & PCI_EXP_DEVCAP_FLR))
+		if (!ret && (cap & PCI_EXP_DEVCAP_FLR)) {
+			vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev);
 			pci_try_reset_function(vdev->pdev);
+			up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
+		}
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -907,8 +928,11 @@ static int vfio_af_config_write(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev, int pos,
 						pos - offset + PCI_AF_CAP,
 						&cap);
 
-		if (!ret && (cap & PCI_AF_CAP_FLR) && (cap & PCI_AF_CAP_TP))
+		if (!ret && (cap & PCI_AF_CAP_FLR) && (cap & PCI_AF_CAP_TP)) {
+			vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(vdev);
 			pci_try_reset_function(vdev->pdev);
+			up_write(&vdev->memory_lock);
+		}
 	}
 
 	return count;
@@ -1462,7 +1486,12 @@ static int vfio_cap_init(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev)
 		if (ret)
 			return ret;
 
-		if (cap <= PCI_CAP_ID_MAX) {
+		/*
+		 * ID 0 is a NULL capability, conflicting with our fake
+		 * PCI_CAP_ID_BASIC.  As it has no content, consider it
+		 * hidden for now.
+		 */
+		if (cap && cap <= PCI_CAP_ID_MAX) {
 			len = pci_cap_length[cap];
 			if (len == 0xFF) { /* Variable length */
 				len = vfio_cap_len(vdev, cap, pos);
@@ -1728,8 +1757,11 @@ void vfio_config_free(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev)
 	vdev->vconfig = NULL;
 	kfree(vdev->pci_config_map);
 	vdev->pci_config_map = NULL;
-	kfree(vdev->msi_perm);
-	vdev->msi_perm = NULL;
+	if (vdev->msi_perm) {
+		free_perm_bits(vdev->msi_perm);
+		kfree(vdev->msi_perm);
+		vdev->msi_perm = NULL;
+	}
 }
 
 /*
diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_intrs.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_intrs.c
index 2056f3f85f59..1d9fb2592945 100644
--- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_intrs.c
+++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_intrs.c
@@ -249,6 +249,7 @@ static int vfio_msi_enable(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev, int nvec, bool msix)
 	struct pci_dev *pdev = vdev->pdev;
 	unsigned int flag = msix ? PCI_IRQ_MSIX : PCI_IRQ_MSI;
 	int ret;
+	u16 cmd;
 
 	if (!is_irq_none(vdev))
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -258,13 +259,16 @@ static int vfio_msi_enable(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev, int nvec, bool msix)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	/* return the number of supported vectors if we can't get all: */
+	cmd = vfio_pci_memory_lock_and_enable(vdev);
 	ret = pci_alloc_irq_vectors(pdev, 1, nvec, flag);
 	if (ret < nvec) {
 		if (ret > 0)
 			pci_free_irq_vectors(pdev);
+		vfio_pci_memory_unlock_and_restore(vdev, cmd);
 		kfree(vdev->ctx);
 		return ret;
 	}
+	vfio_pci_memory_unlock_and_restore(vdev, cmd);
 
 	vdev->num_ctx = nvec;
 	vdev->irq_type = msix ? VFIO_PCI_MSIX_IRQ_INDEX :
@@ -287,6 +291,7 @@ static int vfio_msi_set_vector_signal(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev,
 	struct pci_dev *pdev = vdev->pdev;
 	struct eventfd_ctx *trigger;
 	int irq, ret;
+	u16 cmd;
 
 	if (vector < 0 || vector >= vdev->num_ctx)
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -295,7 +300,11 @@ static int vfio_msi_set_vector_signal(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev,
 
 	if (vdev->ctx[vector].trigger) {
 		irq_bypass_unregister_producer(&vdev->ctx[vector].producer);
+
+		cmd = vfio_pci_memory_lock_and_enable(vdev);
 		free_irq(irq, vdev->ctx[vector].trigger);
+		vfio_pci_memory_unlock_and_restore(vdev, cmd);
+
 		kfree(vdev->ctx[vector].name);
 		eventfd_ctx_put(vdev->ctx[vector].trigger);
 		vdev->ctx[vector].trigger = NULL;
@@ -323,6 +332,7 @@ static int vfio_msi_set_vector_signal(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev,
 	 * such a reset it would be unsuccessful. To avoid this, restore the
 	 * cached value of the message prior to enabling.
 	 */
+	cmd = vfio_pci_memory_lock_and_enable(vdev);
 	if (msix) {
 		struct msi_msg msg;
 
@@ -332,6 +342,7 @@ static int vfio_msi_set_vector_signal(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev,
 
 	ret = request_irq(irq, vfio_msihandler, 0,
 			  vdev->ctx[vector].name, trigger);
+	vfio_pci_memory_unlock_and_restore(vdev, cmd);
 	if (ret) {
 		kfree(vdev->ctx[vector].name);
 		eventfd_ctx_put(trigger);
@@ -376,6 +387,7 @@ static void vfio_msi_disable(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev, bool msix)
 {
 	struct pci_dev *pdev = vdev->pdev;
 	int i;
+	u16 cmd;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < vdev->num_ctx; i++) {
 		vfio_virqfd_disable(&vdev->ctx[i].unmask);
@@ -384,7 +396,9 @@ static void vfio_msi_disable(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev, bool msix)
 
 	vfio_msi_set_block(vdev, 0, vdev->num_ctx, NULL, msix);
 
+	cmd = vfio_pci_memory_lock_and_enable(vdev);
 	pci_free_irq_vectors(pdev);
+	vfio_pci_memory_unlock_and_restore(vdev, cmd);
 
 	/*
 	 * Both disable paths above use pci_intx_for_msi() to clear DisINTx
diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_private.h b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_private.h
index 36ec69081ecd..86a02aff8735 100644
--- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_private.h
+++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_private.h
@@ -92,6 +92,11 @@ struct vfio_pci_vf_token {
 	int			users;
 };
 
+struct vfio_pci_mmap_vma {
+	struct vm_area_struct	*vma;
+	struct list_head	vma_next;
+};
+
 struct vfio_pci_device {
 	struct pci_dev		*pdev;
 	void __iomem		*barmap[PCI_STD_NUM_BARS];
@@ -132,6 +137,9 @@ struct vfio_pci_device {
 	struct list_head	ioeventfds_list;
 	struct vfio_pci_vf_token	*vf_token;
 	struct notifier_block	nb;
+	struct mutex		vma_lock;
+	struct list_head	vma_list;
+	struct rw_semaphore	memory_lock;
 };
 
 #define is_intx(vdev) (vdev->irq_type == VFIO_PCI_INTX_IRQ_INDEX)
@@ -174,6 +182,13 @@ extern int vfio_pci_register_dev_region(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev,
 extern int vfio_pci_set_power_state(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev,
 				    pci_power_t state);
 
+extern bool __vfio_pci_memory_enabled(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev);
+extern void vfio_pci_zap_and_down_write_memory_lock(struct vfio_pci_device
+						    *vdev);
+extern u16 vfio_pci_memory_lock_and_enable(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev);
+extern void vfio_pci_memory_unlock_and_restore(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev,
+					       u16 cmd);
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_VFIO_PCI_IGD
 extern int vfio_pci_igd_init(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev);
 #else
diff --git a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_rdwr.c b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_rdwr.c
index a87992892a9f..916b184df3a5 100644
--- a/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_rdwr.c
+++ b/drivers/vfio/pci/vfio_pci_rdwr.c
@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ ssize_t vfio_pci_bar_rw(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev, char __user *buf,
 	size_t x_start = 0, x_end = 0;
 	resource_size_t end;
 	void __iomem *io;
+	struct resource *res = &vdev->pdev->resource[bar];
 	ssize_t done;
 
 	if (pci_resource_start(pdev, bar))
@@ -177,6 +178,14 @@ ssize_t vfio_pci_bar_rw(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev, char __user *buf,
 
 	count = min(count, (size_t)(end - pos));
 
+	if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_MEM) {
+		down_read(&vdev->memory_lock);
+		if (!__vfio_pci_memory_enabled(vdev)) {
+			up_read(&vdev->memory_lock);
+			return -EIO;
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (bar == PCI_ROM_RESOURCE) {
 		/*
 		 * The ROM can fill less space than the BAR, so we start the
@@ -184,13 +193,17 @@ ssize_t vfio_pci_bar_rw(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev, char __user *buf,
 		 * filling large ROM BARs much faster.
 		 */
 		io = pci_map_rom(pdev, &x_start);
-		if (!io)
-			return -ENOMEM;
+		if (!io) {
+			done = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
 		x_end = end;
 	} else {
 		int ret = vfio_pci_setup_barmap(vdev, bar);
-		if (ret)
-			return ret;
+		if (ret) {
+			done = ret;
+			goto out;
+		}
 
 		io = vdev->barmap[bar];
 	}
@@ -207,6 +220,9 @@ ssize_t vfio_pci_bar_rw(struct vfio_pci_device *vdev, char __user *buf,
 
 	if (bar == PCI_ROM_RESOURCE)
 		pci_unmap_rom(pdev, io);
+out:
+	if (res->flags & IORESOURCE_MEM)
+		up_read(&vdev->memory_lock);
 
 	return done;
 }
diff --git a/drivers/vfio/vfio.c b/drivers/vfio/vfio.c
index 765e0e5d83ed..580099afeaff 100644
--- a/drivers/vfio/vfio.c
+++ b/drivers/vfio/vfio.c
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ struct vfio_group {
 	atomic_t			opened;
 	wait_queue_head_t		container_q;
 	bool				noiommu;
+	unsigned int			dev_counter;
 	struct kvm			*kvm;
 	struct blocking_notifier_head	notifier;
 };
@@ -555,6 +556,7 @@ struct vfio_device *vfio_group_create_device(struct vfio_group *group,
 
 	mutex_lock(&group->device_lock);
 	list_add(&device->group_next, &group->device_list);
+	group->dev_counter++;
 	mutex_unlock(&group->device_lock);
 
 	return device;
@@ -567,6 +569,7 @@ static void vfio_device_release(struct kref *kref)
 	struct vfio_group *group = device->group;
 
 	list_del(&device->group_next);
+	group->dev_counter--;
 	mutex_unlock(&group->device_lock);
 
 	dev_set_drvdata(device->dev, NULL);
@@ -1945,6 +1948,9 @@ int vfio_pin_pages(struct device *dev, unsigned long *user_pfn, int npage,
 	if (!group)
 		return -ENODEV;
 
+	if (group->dev_counter > 1)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	ret = vfio_group_add_container_user(group);
 	if (ret)
 		goto err_pin_pages;
@@ -1952,7 +1958,8 @@ int vfio_pin_pages(struct device *dev, unsigned long *user_pfn, int npage,
 	container = group->container;
 	driver = container->iommu_driver;
 	if (likely(driver && driver->ops->pin_pages))
-		ret = driver->ops->pin_pages(container->iommu_data, user_pfn,
+		ret = driver->ops->pin_pages(container->iommu_data,
+					     group->iommu_group, user_pfn,
 					     npage, prot, phys_pfn);
 	else
 		ret = -ENOTTY;
@@ -2050,8 +2057,8 @@ int vfio_group_pin_pages(struct vfio_group *group,
 	driver = container->iommu_driver;
 	if (likely(driver && driver->ops->pin_pages))
 		ret = driver->ops->pin_pages(container->iommu_data,
-					     user_iova_pfn, npage,
-					     prot, phys_pfn);
+					     group->iommu_group, user_iova_pfn,
+					     npage, prot, phys_pfn);
 	else
 		ret = -ENOTTY;
 
diff --git a/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c b/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c
index cc1d64765ce7..391fafe82c5c 100644
--- a/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c
+++ b/drivers/vfio/vfio_iommu_type1.c
@@ -69,8 +69,11 @@ struct vfio_iommu {
 	struct rb_root		dma_list;
 	struct blocking_notifier_head notifier;
 	unsigned int		dma_avail;
+	uint64_t		pgsize_bitmap;
 	bool			v2;
 	bool			nesting;
+	bool			dirty_page_tracking;
+	bool			pinned_page_dirty_scope;
 };
 
 struct vfio_domain {
@@ -91,12 +94,14 @@ struct vfio_dma {
 	bool			lock_cap;	/* capable(CAP_IPC_LOCK) */
 	struct task_struct	*task;
 	struct rb_root		pfn_list;	/* Ex-user pinned pfn list */
+	unsigned long		*bitmap;
 };
 
 struct vfio_group {
 	struct iommu_group	*iommu_group;
 	struct list_head	next;
 	bool			mdev_group;	/* An mdev group */
+	bool			pinned_page_dirty_scope;
 };
 
 struct vfio_iova {
@@ -112,7 +117,7 @@ struct vfio_pfn {
 	struct rb_node		node;
 	dma_addr_t		iova;		/* Device address */
 	unsigned long		pfn;		/* Host pfn */
-	atomic_t		ref_count;
+	unsigned int		ref_count;
 };
 
 struct vfio_regions {
@@ -125,8 +130,25 @@ struct vfio_regions {
 #define IS_IOMMU_CAP_DOMAIN_IN_CONTAINER(iommu)	\
 					(!list_empty(&iommu->domain_list))
 
+#define DIRTY_BITMAP_BYTES(n)	(ALIGN(n, BITS_PER_TYPE(u64)) / BITS_PER_BYTE)
+
+/*
+ * Input argument of number of bits to bitmap_set() is unsigned integer, which
+ * further casts to signed integer for unaligned multi-bit operation,
+ * __bitmap_set().
+ * Then maximum bitmap size supported is 2^31 bits divided by 2^3 bits/byte,
+ * that is 2^28 (256 MB) which maps to 2^31 * 2^12 = 2^43 (8TB) on 4K page
+ * system.
+ */
+#define DIRTY_BITMAP_PAGES_MAX	 ((u64)INT_MAX)
+#define DIRTY_BITMAP_SIZE_MAX	 DIRTY_BITMAP_BYTES(DIRTY_BITMAP_PAGES_MAX)
+
 static int put_pfn(unsigned long pfn, int prot);
 
+static struct vfio_group *vfio_iommu_find_iommu_group(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
+					       struct iommu_group *iommu_group);
+
+static void update_pinned_page_dirty_scope(struct vfio_iommu *iommu);
 /*
  * This code handles mapping and unmapping of user data buffers
  * into DMA'ble space using the IOMMU
@@ -175,6 +197,81 @@ static void vfio_unlink_dma(struct vfio_iommu *iommu, struct vfio_dma *old)
 	rb_erase(&old->node, &iommu->dma_list);
 }
 
+
+static int vfio_dma_bitmap_alloc(struct vfio_dma *dma, size_t pgsize)
+{
+	uint64_t npages = dma->size / pgsize;
+
+	if (npages > DIRTY_BITMAP_PAGES_MAX)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Allocate extra 64 bits that are used to calculate shift required for
+	 * bitmap_shift_left() to manipulate and club unaligned number of pages
+	 * in adjacent vfio_dma ranges.
+	 */
+	dma->bitmap = kvzalloc(DIRTY_BITMAP_BYTES(npages) + sizeof(u64),
+			       GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!dma->bitmap)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void vfio_dma_bitmap_free(struct vfio_dma *dma)
+{
+	kfree(dma->bitmap);
+	dma->bitmap = NULL;
+}
+
+static void vfio_dma_populate_bitmap(struct vfio_dma *dma, size_t pgsize)
+{
+	struct rb_node *p;
+	unsigned long pgshift = __ffs(pgsize);
+
+	for (p = rb_first(&dma->pfn_list); p; p = rb_next(p)) {
+		struct vfio_pfn *vpfn = rb_entry(p, struct vfio_pfn, node);
+
+		bitmap_set(dma->bitmap, (vpfn->iova - dma->iova) >> pgshift, 1);
+	}
+}
+
+static int vfio_dma_bitmap_alloc_all(struct vfio_iommu *iommu, size_t pgsize)
+{
+	struct rb_node *n;
+
+	for (n = rb_first(&iommu->dma_list); n; n = rb_next(n)) {
+		struct vfio_dma *dma = rb_entry(n, struct vfio_dma, node);
+		int ret;
+
+		ret = vfio_dma_bitmap_alloc(dma, pgsize);
+		if (ret) {
+			struct rb_node *p;
+
+			for (p = rb_prev(n); p; p = rb_prev(p)) {
+				struct vfio_dma *dma = rb_entry(n,
+							struct vfio_dma, node);
+
+				vfio_dma_bitmap_free(dma);
+			}
+			return ret;
+		}
+		vfio_dma_populate_bitmap(dma, pgsize);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void vfio_dma_bitmap_free_all(struct vfio_iommu *iommu)
+{
+	struct rb_node *n;
+
+	for (n = rb_first(&iommu->dma_list); n; n = rb_next(n)) {
+		struct vfio_dma *dma = rb_entry(n, struct vfio_dma, node);
+
+		vfio_dma_bitmap_free(dma);
+	}
+}
+
 /*
  * Helper Functions for host iova-pfn list
  */
@@ -233,7 +330,7 @@ static int vfio_add_to_pfn_list(struct vfio_dma *dma, dma_addr_t iova,
 
 	vpfn->iova = iova;
 	vpfn->pfn = pfn;
-	atomic_set(&vpfn->ref_count, 1);
+	vpfn->ref_count = 1;
 	vfio_link_pfn(dma, vpfn);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -251,7 +348,7 @@ static struct vfio_pfn *vfio_iova_get_vfio_pfn(struct vfio_dma *dma,
 	struct vfio_pfn *vpfn = vfio_find_vpfn(dma, iova);
 
 	if (vpfn)
-		atomic_inc(&vpfn->ref_count);
+		vpfn->ref_count++;
 	return vpfn;
 }
 
@@ -259,7 +356,8 @@ static int vfio_iova_put_vfio_pfn(struct vfio_dma *dma, struct vfio_pfn *vpfn)
 {
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (atomic_dec_and_test(&vpfn->ref_count)) {
+	vpfn->ref_count--;
+	if (!vpfn->ref_count) {
 		ret = put_pfn(vpfn->pfn, dma->prot);
 		vfio_remove_from_pfn_list(dma, vpfn);
 	}
@@ -317,6 +415,32 @@ static int put_pfn(unsigned long pfn, int prot)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int follow_fault_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct mm_struct *mm,
+			    unsigned long vaddr, unsigned long *pfn,
+			    bool write_fault)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = follow_pfn(vma, vaddr, pfn);
+	if (ret) {
+		bool unlocked = false;
+
+		ret = fixup_user_fault(NULL, mm, vaddr,
+				       FAULT_FLAG_REMOTE |
+				       (write_fault ?  FAULT_FLAG_WRITE : 0),
+				       &unlocked);
+		if (unlocked)
+			return -EAGAIN;
+
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+
+		ret = follow_pfn(vma, vaddr, pfn);
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 static int vaddr_get_pfn(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long vaddr,
 			 int prot, unsigned long *pfn)
 {
@@ -339,12 +463,16 @@ static int vaddr_get_pfn(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long vaddr,
 
 	vaddr = untagged_addr(vaddr);
 
+retry:
 	vma = find_vma_intersection(mm, vaddr, vaddr + 1);
 
 	if (vma && vma->vm_flags & VM_PFNMAP) {
-		if (!follow_pfn(vma, vaddr, pfn) &&
-		    is_invalid_reserved_pfn(*pfn))
-			ret = 0;
+		ret = follow_fault_pfn(vma, mm, vaddr, pfn, prot & IOMMU_WRITE);
+		if (ret == -EAGAIN)
+			goto retry;
+
+		if (!ret && !is_invalid_reserved_pfn(*pfn))
+			ret = -EFAULT;
 	}
 done:
 	up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
@@ -501,11 +629,13 @@ static int vfio_unpin_page_external(struct vfio_dma *dma, dma_addr_t iova,
 }
 
 static int vfio_iommu_type1_pin_pages(void *iommu_data,
+				      struct iommu_group *iommu_group,
 				      unsigned long *user_pfn,
 				      int npage, int prot,
 				      unsigned long *phys_pfn)
 {
 	struct vfio_iommu *iommu = iommu_data;
+	struct vfio_group *group;
 	int i, j, ret;
 	unsigned long remote_vaddr;
 	struct vfio_dma *dma;
@@ -566,9 +696,26 @@ static int vfio_iommu_type1_pin_pages(void *iommu_data,
 			vfio_unpin_page_external(dma, iova, do_accounting);
 			goto pin_unwind;
 		}
-	}
 
+		if (iommu->dirty_page_tracking) {
+			unsigned long pgshift = __ffs(iommu->pgsize_bitmap);
+
+			/*
+			 * Bitmap populated with the smallest supported page
+			 * size
+			 */
+			bitmap_set(dma->bitmap,
+				   (iova - dma->iova) >> pgshift, 1);
+		}
+	}
 	ret = i;
+
+	group = vfio_iommu_find_iommu_group(iommu, iommu_group);
+	if (!group->pinned_page_dirty_scope) {
+		group->pinned_page_dirty_scope = true;
+		update_pinned_page_dirty_scope(iommu);
+	}
+
 	goto pin_done;
 
 pin_unwind:
@@ -800,19 +947,19 @@ static void vfio_remove_dma(struct vfio_iommu *iommu, struct vfio_dma *dma)
 	vfio_unmap_unpin(iommu, dma, true);
 	vfio_unlink_dma(iommu, dma);
 	put_task_struct(dma->task);
+	vfio_dma_bitmap_free(dma);
 	kfree(dma);
 	iommu->dma_avail++;
 }
 
-static unsigned long vfio_pgsize_bitmap(struct vfio_iommu *iommu)
+static void vfio_update_pgsize_bitmap(struct vfio_iommu *iommu)
 {
 	struct vfio_domain *domain;
-	unsigned long bitmap = ULONG_MAX;
 
-	mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
+	iommu->pgsize_bitmap = ULONG_MAX;
+
 	list_for_each_entry(domain, &iommu->domain_list, next)
-		bitmap &= domain->domain->pgsize_bitmap;
-	mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
+		iommu->pgsize_bitmap &= domain->domain->pgsize_bitmap;
 
 	/*
 	 * In case the IOMMU supports page sizes smaller than PAGE_SIZE
@@ -822,36 +969,143 @@ static unsigned long vfio_pgsize_bitmap(struct vfio_iommu *iommu)
 	 * granularity while iommu driver can use the sub-PAGE_SIZE size
 	 * to map the buffer.
 	 */
-	if (bitmap & ~PAGE_MASK) {
-		bitmap &= PAGE_MASK;
-		bitmap |= PAGE_SIZE;
+	if (iommu->pgsize_bitmap & ~PAGE_MASK) {
+		iommu->pgsize_bitmap &= PAGE_MASK;
+		iommu->pgsize_bitmap |= PAGE_SIZE;
 	}
+}
+
+static int update_user_bitmap(u64 __user *bitmap, struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
+			      struct vfio_dma *dma, dma_addr_t base_iova,
+			      size_t pgsize)
+{
+	unsigned long pgshift = __ffs(pgsize);
+	unsigned long nbits = dma->size >> pgshift;
+	unsigned long bit_offset = (dma->iova - base_iova) >> pgshift;
+	unsigned long copy_offset = bit_offset / BITS_PER_LONG;
+	unsigned long shift = bit_offset % BITS_PER_LONG;
+	unsigned long leftover;
+
+	/*
+	 * mark all pages dirty if any IOMMU capable device is not able
+	 * to report dirty pages and all pages are pinned and mapped.
+	 */
+	if (!iommu->pinned_page_dirty_scope && dma->iommu_mapped)
+		bitmap_set(dma->bitmap, 0, nbits);
 
-	return bitmap;
+	if (shift) {
+		bitmap_shift_left(dma->bitmap, dma->bitmap, shift,
+				  nbits + shift);
+
+		if (copy_from_user(&leftover,
+				   (void __user *)(bitmap + copy_offset),
+				   sizeof(leftover)))
+			return -EFAULT;
+
+		bitmap_or(dma->bitmap, dma->bitmap, &leftover, shift);
+	}
+
+	if (copy_to_user((void __user *)(bitmap + copy_offset), dma->bitmap,
+			 DIRTY_BITMAP_BYTES(nbits + shift)))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int vfio_iova_dirty_bitmap(u64 __user *bitmap, struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
+				  dma_addr_t iova, size_t size, size_t pgsize)
+{
+	struct vfio_dma *dma;
+	struct rb_node *n;
+	unsigned long pgshift = __ffs(pgsize);
+	int ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * GET_BITMAP request must fully cover vfio_dma mappings.  Multiple
+	 * vfio_dma mappings may be clubbed by specifying large ranges, but
+	 * there must not be any previous mappings bisected by the range.
+	 * An error will be returned if these conditions are not met.
+	 */
+	dma = vfio_find_dma(iommu, iova, 1);
+	if (dma && dma->iova != iova)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	dma = vfio_find_dma(iommu, iova + size - 1, 0);
+	if (dma && dma->iova + dma->size != iova + size)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	for (n = rb_first(&iommu->dma_list); n; n = rb_next(n)) {
+		struct vfio_dma *dma = rb_entry(n, struct vfio_dma, node);
+
+		if (dma->iova < iova)
+			continue;
+
+		if (dma->iova > iova + size - 1)
+			break;
+
+		ret = update_user_bitmap(bitmap, iommu, dma, iova, pgsize);
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+
+		/*
+		 * Re-populate bitmap to include all pinned pages which are
+		 * considered as dirty but exclude pages which are unpinned and
+		 * pages which are marked dirty by vfio_dma_rw()
+		 */
+		bitmap_clear(dma->bitmap, 0, dma->size >> pgshift);
+		vfio_dma_populate_bitmap(dma, pgsize);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_bitmap_size(uint64_t npages, uint64_t bitmap_size)
+{
+	if (!npages || !bitmap_size || (bitmap_size > DIRTY_BITMAP_SIZE_MAX) ||
+	    (bitmap_size < DIRTY_BITMAP_BYTES(npages)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static int vfio_dma_do_unmap(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
-			     struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_unmap *unmap)
+			     struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_unmap *unmap,
+			     struct vfio_bitmap *bitmap)
 {
-	uint64_t mask;
 	struct vfio_dma *dma, *dma_last = NULL;
-	size_t unmapped = 0;
+	size_t unmapped = 0, pgsize;
 	int ret = 0, retries = 0;
+	unsigned long pgshift;
+
+	mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
 
-	mask = ((uint64_t)1 << __ffs(vfio_pgsize_bitmap(iommu))) - 1;
+	pgshift = __ffs(iommu->pgsize_bitmap);
+	pgsize = (size_t)1 << pgshift;
+
+	if (unmap->iova & (pgsize - 1)) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto unlock;
+	}
+
+	if (!unmap->size || unmap->size & (pgsize - 1)) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto unlock;
+	}
 
-	if (unmap->iova & mask)
-		return -EINVAL;
-	if (!unmap->size || unmap->size & mask)
-		return -EINVAL;
 	if (unmap->iova + unmap->size - 1 < unmap->iova ||
-	    unmap->size > SIZE_MAX)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	    unmap->size > SIZE_MAX) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto unlock;
+	}
 
-	WARN_ON(mask & PAGE_MASK);
-again:
-	mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
+	/* When dirty tracking is enabled, allow only min supported pgsize */
+	if ((unmap->flags & VFIO_DMA_UNMAP_FLAG_GET_DIRTY_BITMAP) &&
+	    (!iommu->dirty_page_tracking || (bitmap->pgsize != pgsize))) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto unlock;
+	}
 
+	WARN_ON((pgsize - 1) & PAGE_MASK);
+again:
 	/*
 	 * vfio-iommu-type1 (v1) - User mappings were coalesced together to
 	 * avoid tracking individual mappings.  This means that the granularity
@@ -929,8 +1183,17 @@ again:
 			blocking_notifier_call_chain(&iommu->notifier,
 						    VFIO_IOMMU_NOTIFY_DMA_UNMAP,
 						    &nb_unmap);
+			mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
 			goto again;
 		}
+
+		if (unmap->flags & VFIO_DMA_UNMAP_FLAG_GET_DIRTY_BITMAP) {
+			ret = update_user_bitmap(bitmap->data, iommu, dma,
+						 unmap->iova, pgsize);
+			if (ret)
+				break;
+		}
+
 		unmapped += dma->size;
 		vfio_remove_dma(iommu, dma);
 	}
@@ -1037,31 +1300,35 @@ static int vfio_dma_do_map(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
 	unsigned long vaddr = map->vaddr;
 	size_t size = map->size;
 	int ret = 0, prot = 0;
-	uint64_t mask;
+	size_t pgsize;
 	struct vfio_dma *dma;
 
 	/* Verify that none of our __u64 fields overflow */
 	if (map->size != size || map->vaddr != vaddr || map->iova != iova)
 		return -EINVAL;
 
-	mask = ((uint64_t)1 << __ffs(vfio_pgsize_bitmap(iommu))) - 1;
-
-	WARN_ON(mask & PAGE_MASK);
-
 	/* READ/WRITE from device perspective */
 	if (map->flags & VFIO_DMA_MAP_FLAG_WRITE)
 		prot |= IOMMU_WRITE;
 	if (map->flags & VFIO_DMA_MAP_FLAG_READ)
 		prot |= IOMMU_READ;
 
-	if (!prot || !size || (size | iova | vaddr) & mask)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
 
-	/* Don't allow IOVA or virtual address wrap */
-	if (iova + size - 1 < iova || vaddr + size - 1 < vaddr)
-		return -EINVAL;
+	pgsize = (size_t)1 << __ffs(iommu->pgsize_bitmap);
 
-	mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
+	WARN_ON((pgsize - 1) & PAGE_MASK);
+
+	if (!prot || !size || (size | iova | vaddr) & (pgsize - 1)) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	/* Don't allow IOVA or virtual address wrap */
+	if (iova + size - 1 < iova || vaddr + size - 1 < vaddr) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
 
 	if (vfio_find_dma(iommu, iova, size)) {
 		ret = -EEXIST;
@@ -1129,6 +1396,12 @@ static int vfio_dma_do_map(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
 	else
 		ret = vfio_pin_map_dma(iommu, dma, size);
 
+	if (!ret && iommu->dirty_page_tracking) {
+		ret = vfio_dma_bitmap_alloc(dma, pgsize);
+		if (ret)
+			vfio_remove_dma(iommu, dma);
+	}
+
 out_unlock:
 	mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
 	return ret;
@@ -1267,6 +1540,51 @@ static struct vfio_group *find_iommu_group(struct vfio_domain *domain,
 	return NULL;
 }
 
+static struct vfio_group *vfio_iommu_find_iommu_group(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
+					       struct iommu_group *iommu_group)
+{
+	struct vfio_domain *domain;
+	struct vfio_group *group = NULL;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(domain, &iommu->domain_list, next) {
+		group = find_iommu_group(domain, iommu_group);
+		if (group)
+			return group;
+	}
+
+	if (iommu->external_domain)
+		group = find_iommu_group(iommu->external_domain, iommu_group);
+
+	return group;
+}
+
+static void update_pinned_page_dirty_scope(struct vfio_iommu *iommu)
+{
+	struct vfio_domain *domain;
+	struct vfio_group *group;
+
+	list_for_each_entry(domain, &iommu->domain_list, next) {
+		list_for_each_entry(group, &domain->group_list, next) {
+			if (!group->pinned_page_dirty_scope) {
+				iommu->pinned_page_dirty_scope = false;
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (iommu->external_domain) {
+		domain = iommu->external_domain;
+		list_for_each_entry(group, &domain->group_list, next) {
+			if (!group->pinned_page_dirty_scope) {
+				iommu->pinned_page_dirty_scope = false;
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	iommu->pinned_page_dirty_scope = true;
+}
+
 static bool vfio_iommu_has_sw_msi(struct list_head *group_resv_regions,
 				  phys_addr_t *base)
 {
@@ -1667,12 +1985,23 @@ static int vfio_iommu_type1_attach_group(void *iommu_data,
 			if (!iommu->external_domain) {
 				INIT_LIST_HEAD(&domain->group_list);
 				iommu->external_domain = domain;
+				vfio_update_pgsize_bitmap(iommu);
 			} else {
 				kfree(domain);
 			}
 
 			list_add(&group->next,
 				 &iommu->external_domain->group_list);
+			/*
+			 * Non-iommu backed group cannot dirty memory directly,
+			 * it can only use interfaces that provide dirty
+			 * tracking.
+			 * The iommu scope can only be promoted with the
+			 * addition of a dirty tracking group.
+			 */
+			group->pinned_page_dirty_scope = true;
+			if (!iommu->pinned_page_dirty_scope)
+				update_pinned_page_dirty_scope(iommu);
 			mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
 
 			return 0;
@@ -1792,9 +2121,17 @@ static int vfio_iommu_type1_attach_group(void *iommu_data,
 	}
 
 	list_add(&domain->next, &iommu->domain_list);
+	vfio_update_pgsize_bitmap(iommu);
 done:
 	/* Delete the old one and insert new iova list */
 	vfio_iommu_iova_insert_copy(iommu, &iova_copy);
+
+	/*
+	 * An iommu backed group can dirty memory directly and therefore
+	 * demotes the iommu scope until it declares itself dirty tracking
+	 * capable via the page pinning interface.
+	 */
+	iommu->pinned_page_dirty_scope = false;
 	mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
 	vfio_iommu_resv_free(&group_resv_regions);
 
@@ -1947,6 +2284,7 @@ static void vfio_iommu_type1_detach_group(void *iommu_data,
 	struct vfio_iommu *iommu = iommu_data;
 	struct vfio_domain *domain;
 	struct vfio_group *group;
+	bool update_dirty_scope = false;
 	LIST_HEAD(iova_copy);
 
 	mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
@@ -1954,6 +2292,7 @@ static void vfio_iommu_type1_detach_group(void *iommu_data,
 	if (iommu->external_domain) {
 		group = find_iommu_group(iommu->external_domain, iommu_group);
 		if (group) {
+			update_dirty_scope = !group->pinned_page_dirty_scope;
 			list_del(&group->next);
 			kfree(group);
 
@@ -1983,6 +2322,7 @@ static void vfio_iommu_type1_detach_group(void *iommu_data,
 			continue;
 
 		vfio_iommu_detach_group(domain, group);
+		update_dirty_scope = !group->pinned_page_dirty_scope;
 		list_del(&group->next);
 		kfree(group);
 		/*
@@ -2003,6 +2343,7 @@ static void vfio_iommu_type1_detach_group(void *iommu_data,
 			list_del(&domain->next);
 			kfree(domain);
 			vfio_iommu_aper_expand(iommu, &iova_copy);
+			vfio_update_pgsize_bitmap(iommu);
 		}
 		break;
 	}
@@ -2013,6 +2354,12 @@ static void vfio_iommu_type1_detach_group(void *iommu_data,
 		vfio_iommu_iova_free(&iova_copy);
 
 detach_group_done:
+	/*
+	 * Removal of a group without dirty tracking may allow the iommu scope
+	 * to be promoted.
+	 */
+	if (update_dirty_scope)
+		update_pinned_page_dirty_scope(iommu);
 	mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
 }
 
@@ -2135,8 +2482,6 @@ static int vfio_iommu_iova_build_caps(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
 	size_t size;
 	int iovas = 0, i = 0, ret;
 
-	mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
-
 	list_for_each_entry(iova, &iommu->iova_list, list)
 		iovas++;
 
@@ -2145,17 +2490,14 @@ static int vfio_iommu_iova_build_caps(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
 		 * Return 0 as a container with a single mdev device
 		 * will have an empty list
 		 */
-		ret = 0;
-		goto out_unlock;
+		return 0;
 	}
 
 	size = sizeof(*cap_iovas) + (iovas * sizeof(*cap_iovas->iova_ranges));
 
 	cap_iovas = kzalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
-	if (!cap_iovas) {
-		ret = -ENOMEM;
-		goto out_unlock;
-	}
+	if (!cap_iovas)
+		return -ENOMEM;
 
 	cap_iovas->nr_iovas = iovas;
 
@@ -2168,11 +2510,25 @@ static int vfio_iommu_iova_build_caps(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
 	ret = vfio_iommu_iova_add_cap(caps, cap_iovas, size);
 
 	kfree(cap_iovas);
-out_unlock:
-	mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int vfio_iommu_migration_build_caps(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
+					   struct vfio_info_cap *caps)
+{
+	struct vfio_iommu_type1_info_cap_migration cap_mig;
+
+	cap_mig.header.id = VFIO_IOMMU_TYPE1_INFO_CAP_MIGRATION;
+	cap_mig.header.version = 1;
+
+	cap_mig.flags = 0;
+	/* support minimum pgsize */
+	cap_mig.pgsize_bitmap = (size_t)1 << __ffs(iommu->pgsize_bitmap);
+	cap_mig.max_dirty_bitmap_size = DIRTY_BITMAP_SIZE_MAX;
+
+	return vfio_info_add_capability(caps, &cap_mig.header, sizeof(cap_mig));
+}
+
 static long vfio_iommu_type1_ioctl(void *iommu_data,
 				   unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 {
@@ -2214,11 +2570,18 @@ static long vfio_iommu_type1_ioctl(void *iommu_data,
 			info.cap_offset = 0; /* output, no-recopy necessary */
 		}
 
+		mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
 		info.flags = VFIO_IOMMU_INFO_PGSIZES;
 
-		info.iova_pgsizes = vfio_pgsize_bitmap(iommu);
+		info.iova_pgsizes = iommu->pgsize_bitmap;
+
+		ret = vfio_iommu_migration_build_caps(iommu, &caps);
+
+		if (!ret)
+			ret = vfio_iommu_iova_build_caps(iommu, &caps);
+
+		mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
 
-		ret = vfio_iommu_iova_build_caps(iommu, &caps);
 		if (ret)
 			return ret;
 
@@ -2261,22 +2624,143 @@ static long vfio_iommu_type1_ioctl(void *iommu_data,
 
 	} else if (cmd == VFIO_IOMMU_UNMAP_DMA) {
 		struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_unmap unmap;
-		long ret;
+		struct vfio_bitmap bitmap = { 0 };
+		int ret;
 
 		minsz = offsetofend(struct vfio_iommu_type1_dma_unmap, size);
 
 		if (copy_from_user(&unmap, (void __user *)arg, minsz))
 			return -EFAULT;
 
-		if (unmap.argsz < minsz || unmap.flags)
+		if (unmap.argsz < minsz ||
+		    unmap.flags & ~VFIO_DMA_UNMAP_FLAG_GET_DIRTY_BITMAP)
 			return -EINVAL;
 
-		ret = vfio_dma_do_unmap(iommu, &unmap);
+		if (unmap.flags & VFIO_DMA_UNMAP_FLAG_GET_DIRTY_BITMAP) {
+			unsigned long pgshift;
+
+			if (unmap.argsz < (minsz + sizeof(bitmap)))
+				return -EINVAL;
+
+			if (copy_from_user(&bitmap,
+					   (void __user *)(arg + minsz),
+					   sizeof(bitmap)))
+				return -EFAULT;
+
+			if (!access_ok((void __user *)bitmap.data, bitmap.size))
+				return -EINVAL;
+
+			pgshift = __ffs(bitmap.pgsize);
+			ret = verify_bitmap_size(unmap.size >> pgshift,
+						 bitmap.size);
+			if (ret)
+				return ret;
+		}
+
+		ret = vfio_dma_do_unmap(iommu, &unmap, &bitmap);
 		if (ret)
 			return ret;
 
 		return copy_to_user((void __user *)arg, &unmap, minsz) ?
 			-EFAULT : 0;
+	} else if (cmd == VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES) {
+		struct vfio_iommu_type1_dirty_bitmap dirty;
+		uint32_t mask = VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_START |
+				VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_STOP |
+				VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_GET_BITMAP;
+		int ret = 0;
+
+		if (!iommu->v2)
+			return -EACCES;
+
+		minsz = offsetofend(struct vfio_iommu_type1_dirty_bitmap,
+				    flags);
+
+		if (copy_from_user(&dirty, (void __user *)arg, minsz))
+			return -EFAULT;
+
+		if (dirty.argsz < minsz || dirty.flags & ~mask)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		/* only one flag should be set at a time */
+		if (__ffs(dirty.flags) != __fls(dirty.flags))
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		if (dirty.flags & VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_START) {
+			size_t pgsize;
+
+			mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
+			pgsize = 1 << __ffs(iommu->pgsize_bitmap);
+			if (!iommu->dirty_page_tracking) {
+				ret = vfio_dma_bitmap_alloc_all(iommu, pgsize);
+				if (!ret)
+					iommu->dirty_page_tracking = true;
+			}
+			mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
+			return ret;
+		} else if (dirty.flags & VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_STOP) {
+			mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
+			if (iommu->dirty_page_tracking) {
+				iommu->dirty_page_tracking = false;
+				vfio_dma_bitmap_free_all(iommu);
+			}
+			mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
+			return 0;
+		} else if (dirty.flags &
+				 VFIO_IOMMU_DIRTY_PAGES_FLAG_GET_BITMAP) {
+			struct vfio_iommu_type1_dirty_bitmap_get range;
+			unsigned long pgshift;
+			size_t data_size = dirty.argsz - minsz;
+			size_t iommu_pgsize;
+
+			if (!data_size || data_size < sizeof(range))
+				return -EINVAL;
+
+			if (copy_from_user(&range, (void __user *)(arg + minsz),
+					   sizeof(range)))
+				return -EFAULT;
+
+			if (range.iova + range.size < range.iova)
+				return -EINVAL;
+			if (!access_ok((void __user *)range.bitmap.data,
+				       range.bitmap.size))
+				return -EINVAL;
+
+			pgshift = __ffs(range.bitmap.pgsize);
+			ret = verify_bitmap_size(range.size >> pgshift,
+						 range.bitmap.size);
+			if (ret)
+				return ret;
+
+			mutex_lock(&iommu->lock);
+
+			iommu_pgsize = (size_t)1 << __ffs(iommu->pgsize_bitmap);
+
+			/* allow only smallest supported pgsize */
+			if (range.bitmap.pgsize != iommu_pgsize) {
+				ret = -EINVAL;
+				goto out_unlock;
+			}
+			if (range.iova & (iommu_pgsize - 1)) {
+				ret = -EINVAL;
+				goto out_unlock;
+			}
+			if (!range.size || range.size & (iommu_pgsize - 1)) {
+				ret = -EINVAL;
+				goto out_unlock;
+			}
+
+			if (iommu->dirty_page_tracking)
+				ret = vfio_iova_dirty_bitmap(range.bitmap.data,
+						iommu, range.iova, range.size,
+						range.bitmap.pgsize);
+			else
+				ret = -EINVAL;
+out_unlock:
+			mutex_unlock(&iommu->lock);
+
+			return ret;
+		}
 	}
 
 	return -ENOTTY;
@@ -2344,10 +2828,19 @@ static int vfio_iommu_type1_dma_rw_chunk(struct vfio_iommu *iommu,
 
 	vaddr = dma->vaddr + offset;
 
-	if (write)
+	if (write) {
 		*copied = copy_to_user((void __user *)vaddr, data,
 					 count) ? 0 : count;
-	else
+		if (*copied && iommu->dirty_page_tracking) {
+			unsigned long pgshift = __ffs(iommu->pgsize_bitmap);
+			/*
+			 * Bitmap populated with the smallest supported page
+			 * size
+			 */
+			bitmap_set(dma->bitmap, offset >> pgshift,
+				   *copied >> pgshift);
+		}
+	} else
 		*copied = copy_from_user(data, (void __user *)vaddr,
 					   count) ? 0 : count;
 	if (kthread)