diff options
author | Hans de Goede <j.w.r.degoede@hhs.nl> | 2008-09-03 17:12:17 -0300 |
---|---|---|
committer | Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com> | 2008-09-03 18:37:38 -0300 |
commit | 8a5b2e909d56a1d5edec5e8f8848e03aafbc588e (patch) | |
tree | 3be1a890f11988cc75a1883bc9e2bc25bb0283ef /drivers/media/video/gspca | |
parent | a1e8288b1d80130119692818b46694660f28e03a (diff) |
V4L/DVB (8825): gspca: More controls for pac73xx and new webcam 093a:2624.
-Add usb id for 093a:2624 (pac7302)
-Report some controls to userspace with 7302 only, as they are 7302 only
-Add gain and exposure controls
-Add autogain
-Fix 7302 imaged being mirrored by default
Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <j.w.r.degoede@hhs.nl>
Signed-off-by: Jean-Francois Moine <moinejf@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@redhat.com>
Diffstat (limited to 'drivers/media/video/gspca')
-rw-r--r-- | drivers/media/video/gspca/pac207.c | 16 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | drivers/media/video/gspca/pac7311.c | 301 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | drivers/media/video/gspca/pac_common.h | 9 |
3 files changed, 231 insertions, 95 deletions
diff --git a/drivers/media/video/gspca/pac207.c b/drivers/media/video/gspca/pac207.c index a15bccad947b..83b5f740c947 100644 --- a/drivers/media/video/gspca/pac207.c +++ b/drivers/media/video/gspca/pac207.c @@ -56,12 +56,6 @@ MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); #define PAC207_GAIN_KNEE 20 #define PAC207_AUTOGAIN_DEADZONE 30 -/* We calculating the autogain at the end of the transfer of a frame, at this - moment a frame with the old settings is being transmitted, and a frame is - being captured with the old settings. So if we adjust the autogain we must - ignore atleast the 2 next frames for the new settings to come into effect - before doing any other adjustments */ -#define PAC207_AUTOGAIN_IGNORE_FRAMES 3 /* specific webcam descriptor */ struct sd { @@ -338,6 +332,9 @@ static void sd_stopN(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) pac207_write_reg(gspca_dev, 0x0f, 0x00); /* Power Control */ } +/* Include pac common sof detection functions */ +#include "pac_common.h" + static void pac207_do_auto_gain(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) { struct sd *sd = (struct sd *) gspca_dev; @@ -351,12 +348,9 @@ static void pac207_do_auto_gain(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) else if (gspca_auto_gain_n_exposure(gspca_dev, avg_lum, 100 + sd->brightness / 2, PAC207_AUTOGAIN_DEADZONE, PAC207_GAIN_KNEE, PAC207_EXPOSURE_KNEE)) - sd->autogain_ignore_frames = PAC207_AUTOGAIN_IGNORE_FRAMES; + sd->autogain_ignore_frames = PAC_AUTOGAIN_IGNORE_FRAMES; } -/* Include pac common sof detection functions */ -#include "pac_common.h" - static void sd_pkt_scan(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, struct gspca_frame *frame, __u8 *data, @@ -500,7 +494,7 @@ static int sd_setautogain(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 val) sd->gain = PAC207_GAIN_DEFAULT; if (gspca_dev->streaming) { sd->autogain_ignore_frames = - PAC207_AUTOGAIN_IGNORE_FRAMES; + PAC_AUTOGAIN_IGNORE_FRAMES; setexposure(gspca_dev); setgain(gspca_dev); } diff --git a/drivers/media/video/gspca/pac7311.c b/drivers/media/video/gspca/pac7311.c index e22ca610334f..14b98111cd9d 100644 --- a/drivers/media/video/gspca/pac7311.c +++ b/drivers/media/video/gspca/pac7311.c @@ -44,6 +44,9 @@ 0x10/- Master gain 0-31 -/0x10 Another gain 0-15, limited influence (1-2x gain I guess) 0x21 Bitfield: 0-1 unused, 2-3 vflip/hflip, 4-5 unknown, 6-7 unused + -/0x27 Seems to toggle various gains on / off, Setting bit 7 seems to + completely disable the analog amplification block. Set to 0x68 + for max gain, 0x14 for minimal gain. */ #define MODULE_NAME "pac7311" @@ -61,6 +64,8 @@ struct sd { unsigned char brightness; unsigned char contrast; unsigned char colors; + unsigned char gain; + unsigned char exposure; unsigned char autogain; __u8 hflip; __u8 vflip; @@ -88,8 +93,14 @@ static int sd_sethflip(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 val); static int sd_gethflip(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 *val); static int sd_setvflip(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 val); static int sd_getvflip(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 *val); +static int sd_setgain(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 val); +static int sd_getgain(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 *val); +static int sd_setexposure(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 val); +static int sd_getexposure(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 *val); static struct ctrl sd_ctrls[] = { +/* This control is pac7302 only */ +#define BRIGHTNESS_IDX 0 { { .id = V4L2_CID_BRIGHTNESS, @@ -105,6 +116,7 @@ static struct ctrl sd_ctrls[] = { .set = sd_setbrightness, .get = sd_getbrightness, }, +/* This control is for both the 7302 and the 7311 */ { { .id = V4L2_CID_CONTRAST, @@ -120,6 +132,8 @@ static struct ctrl sd_ctrls[] = { .set = sd_setcontrast, .get = sd_getcontrast, }, +/* This control is pac7302 only */ +#define SATURATION_IDX 2 { { .id = V4L2_CID_SATURATION, @@ -135,6 +149,39 @@ static struct ctrl sd_ctrls[] = { .set = sd_setcolors, .get = sd_getcolors, }, +/* All controls below are for both the 7302 and the 7311 */ + { + { + .id = V4L2_CID_GAIN, + .type = V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_INTEGER, + .name = "Gain", + .minimum = 0, +#define GAIN_MAX 255 + .maximum = GAIN_MAX, + .step = 1, +#define GAIN_DEF 127 +#define GAIN_KNEE 255 /* Gain seems to cause little noise on the pac73xx */ + .default_value = GAIN_DEF, + }, + .set = sd_setgain, + .get = sd_getgain, + }, + { + { + .id = V4L2_CID_EXPOSURE, + .type = V4L2_CTRL_TYPE_INTEGER, + .name = "Exposure", + .minimum = 0, +#define EXPOSURE_MAX 255 + .maximum = EXPOSURE_MAX, + .step = 1, +#define EXPOSURE_DEF 16 /* 32 ms / 30 fps */ +#define EXPOSURE_KNEE 50 /* 100 ms / 10 fps */ + .default_value = EXPOSURE_DEF, + }, + .set = sd_setexposure, + .get = sd_getexposure, + }, { { .id = V4L2_CID_AUTOGAIN, @@ -149,8 +196,6 @@ static struct ctrl sd_ctrls[] = { .set = sd_setautogain, .get = sd_getautogain, }, -/* next controls work with pac7302 only */ -#define HFLIP_IDX 4 { { .id = V4L2_CID_HFLIP, @@ -165,7 +210,6 @@ static struct ctrl sd_ctrls[] = { .set = sd_sethflip, .get = sd_gethflip, }, -#define VFLIP_IDX 5 { { .id = V4L2_CID_VFLIP, @@ -345,7 +389,7 @@ static const __u8 page4_7311[] = { 0x09, 0x00, 0xaa, 0xaa, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x62, 0x08, 0xaa, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0xa0, 0x01, 0xf4, 0xaa, - 0xaa, 0x00, 0x08, 0xaa, 0x03, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x01, + 0xaa, 0x00, 0x08, 0xaa, 0x03, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x68, 0xca, 0x10, 0x06, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x23, 0x28, 0x04, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00 }; @@ -374,7 +418,7 @@ static void reg_w(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, usb_sndctrlpipe(gspca_dev->dev, 0), 0, /* request */ USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_VENDOR | USB_RECIP_DEVICE, - value, index, gspca_dev->usb_buf, 1, + 0, index, gspca_dev->usb_buf, 1, 500); } @@ -469,20 +513,22 @@ static int sd_config(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, cam->cam_mode = vga_mode; cam->nmodes = ARRAY_SIZE(vga_mode); - gspca_dev->ctrl_dis = (1 << HFLIP_IDX) - | (1 << VFLIP_IDX); + gspca_dev->ctrl_dis = (1 << BRIGHTNESS_IDX) + | (1 << SATURATION_IDX); } sd->brightness = BRIGHTNESS_DEF; sd->contrast = CONTRAST_DEF; sd->colors = COLOR_DEF; + sd->gain = GAIN_DEF; + sd->exposure = EXPOSURE_DEF; sd->autogain = AUTOGAIN_DEF; sd->hflip = HFLIP_DEF; sd->vflip = VFLIP_DEF; return 0; } -/* rev 12a only */ +/* This function is used by pac7302 only */ static void setbrightcont(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) { struct sd *sd = (struct sd *) gspca_dev; @@ -509,67 +555,95 @@ static void setbrightcont(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xdc, 0x01); } -/* This function is used by pac7302 only */ -static void setbrightness(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) +/* This function is used by pac7311 only */ +static void setcontrast(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) { struct sd *sd = (struct sd *) gspca_dev; - int brightness; - - if (sd->sensor == SENSOR_PAC7302) { - setbrightcont(gspca_dev); - return; - } -/* HDG: this is not brightness but gain, I'll add gain and exposure controls - in a next patch */ - return; - brightness = BRIGHTNESS_MAX - sd->brightness; reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x04); - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x0e, 0x00); - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x0f, brightness); + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x10, sd->contrast >> 4); /* load registers to sensor (Bit 0, auto clear) */ reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x11, 0x01); - PDEBUG(D_CONF|D_STREAM, "brightness: %i", brightness); } -static void setcontrast(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) +/* This function is used by pac7302 only */ +static void setcolors(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) +{ + struct sd *sd = (struct sd *) gspca_dev; + int i, v; + static const int a[9] = + {217, -212, 0, -101, 170, -67, -38, -315, 355}; + static const int b[9] = + {19, 106, 0, 19, 106, 1, 19, 106, 1}; + + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x03); /* page 3 */ + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x11, 0x01); + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x00); /* page 0 */ + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x00); /* page 0 */ + for (i = 0; i < 9; i++) { + v = a[i] * sd->colors / COLOR_MAX + b[i]; + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x0f + 2 * i, (v >> 8) & 0x07); + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x0f + 2 * i + 1, v); + } + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xdc, 0x01); + PDEBUG(D_CONF|D_STREAM, "color: %i", sd->colors); +} + +static void setgain(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) { struct sd *sd = (struct sd *) gspca_dev; if (sd->sensor == SENSOR_PAC7302) { - setbrightcont(gspca_dev); - return; + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x03); /* page 3 */ + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x10, sd->gain >> 3); + } else { + int gain = GAIN_MAX - sd->gain; + if (gain < 1) + gain = 1; + else if (gain > 245) + gain = 245; + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x04); /* page 4 */ + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x0e, 0x00); + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x0f, gain); } - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x04); - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x10, sd->contrast >> 4); /* load registers to sensor (Bit 0, auto clear) */ reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x11, 0x01); } -/* This function is used by pac7302 only */ -static void setcolors(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) +static void setexposure(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) { struct sd *sd = (struct sd *) gspca_dev; + __u8 reg; + + /* register 2 of frame 3/4 contains the clock divider configuring the + no fps according to the formula: 60 / reg. sd->exposure is the + desired exposure time in ms. */ + reg = 120 * sd->exposure / 1000; + if (reg < 2) + reg = 2; + else if (reg > 63) + reg = 63; if (sd->sensor == SENSOR_PAC7302) { - int i, v; - static const int a[9] = - {217, -212, 0, -101, 170, -67, -38, -315, 355}; - static const int b[9] = - {19, 106, 0, 19, 106, 1, 19, 106, 1}; - - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x03); /* page 3 */ - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x11, 0x01); - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x00); /* page 0 */ - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x00); /* page 0 */ - for (i = 0; i < 9; i++) { - v = a[i] * sd->colors / COLOR_MAX + b[i]; - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x0f + 2 * i, (v >> 8) & 0x07); - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x0f + 2 * i + 1, v); - } - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xdc, 0x01); - PDEBUG(D_CONF|D_STREAM, "color: %i", sd->colors); + /* On the pac7302 reg2 MUST be a multiple of 3, so round it to + the nearest multiple of 3 */ + reg = ((reg + 1) / 3) * 3; + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x03); /* page 3 */ + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x02, reg); + } else { + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x04); /* page 4 */ + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x02, reg); + /* Page 1 register 8 must always be 0x08 except when not in + 640x480 mode and Page3/4 reg 2 <= 3 then it must be 9 */ + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x01); + if (gspca_dev->cam.cam_mode[(int)gspca_dev->curr_mode].priv && + reg <= 3) + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x08, 0x09); + else + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x08, 0x08); } + /* load registers to sensor (Bit 0, auto clear) */ + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x11, 0x01); } static void sethvflip(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) @@ -579,14 +653,15 @@ static void sethvflip(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) if (sd->sensor == SENSOR_PAC7302) { reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x03); /* page 3 */ - data = (sd->hflip ? 0x00 : 0x08) + data = (sd->hflip ? 0x08 : 0x00) | (sd->vflip ? 0x04 : 0x00); } else { - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x04); /* page 3 */ + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x04); /* page 4 */ data = (sd->hflip ? 0x04 : 0x00) | (sd->vflip ? 0x08 : 0x00); } reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x21, data); + /* load registers to sensor (Bit 0, auto clear) */ reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x11, 0x01); } @@ -602,61 +677,49 @@ static void sd_start(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) sd->sof_read = 0; - if (sd->sensor == SENSOR_PAC7302) + if (sd->sensor == SENSOR_PAC7302) { reg_w_var(gspca_dev, start_7302); - else + setbrightcont(gspca_dev); + setcolors(gspca_dev); + } else { reg_w_var(gspca_dev, start_7311); - - setcontrast(gspca_dev); - setbrightness(gspca_dev); - setcolors(gspca_dev); + setcontrast(gspca_dev); + } + setgain(gspca_dev); + setexposure(gspca_dev); + sethvflip(gspca_dev); /* set correct resolution */ switch (gspca_dev->cam.cam_mode[(int) gspca_dev->curr_mode].priv) { case 2: /* 160x120 pac7311 */ - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x04); - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x02, 0x03); reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x01); - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x08, 0x09); reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x17, 0x20); - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x1b, 0x00); reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x87, 0x10); break; case 1: /* 320x240 pac7311 */ - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x04); - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x02, 0x03); reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x01); - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x08, 0x09); reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x17, 0x30); reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x87, 0x11); break; case 0: /* 640x480 */ if (sd->sensor == SENSOR_PAC7302) break; - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x04); - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x02, 0x07); reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x01); - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x08, 0x08); reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x17, 0x00); reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x87, 0x12); break; } - /* start stream */ - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x01); - if (sd->sensor == SENSOR_PAC7302) { - sethvflip(gspca_dev); - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x78, 0x01); - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x01); - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x78, 0x01); - } else { - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x78, 0x44); - reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x78, 0x45); - } - sd->sof_read = 0; sd->autogain_ignore_frames = 0; atomic_set(&sd->avg_lum, -1); + + /* start stream */ + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0xff, 0x01); + if (sd->sensor == SENSOR_PAC7302) + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x78, 0x01); + else + reg_w(gspca_dev, 0x78, 0x05); } static void sd_stopN(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) @@ -691,8 +754,28 @@ static void sd_stop0(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) } } +/* Include pac common sof detection functions */ +#include "pac_common.h" + static void do_autogain(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev) { + struct sd *sd = (struct sd *) gspca_dev; + int avg_lum = atomic_read(&sd->avg_lum); + int desired_lum; + + if (avg_lum == -1) + return; + + if (sd->sensor == SENSOR_PAC7302) + desired_lum = 70 + sd->brightness * 2; + else + desired_lum = 200; + + if (sd->autogain_ignore_frames > 0) + sd->autogain_ignore_frames--; + else if (gspca_auto_gain_n_exposure(gspca_dev, avg_lum, desired_lum, + 10, GAIN_KNEE, EXPOSURE_KNEE)) + sd->autogain_ignore_frames = PAC_AUTOGAIN_IGNORE_FRAMES; } static const unsigned char pac7311_jpeg_header1[] = { @@ -704,9 +787,6 @@ static const unsigned char pac7311_jpeg_header2[] = { 0x00, 0x0c, 0x03, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x11, 0x03, 0x11, 0x00, 0x3f, 0x00 }; -/* Include pac common sof detection functions */ -#include "pac_common.h" - /* this function is run at interrupt level */ static void sd_pkt_scan(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, struct gspca_frame *frame, /* target */ @@ -790,7 +870,7 @@ static int sd_setbrightness(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 val) sd->brightness = val; if (gspca_dev->streaming) - setbrightness(gspca_dev); + setbrightcont(gspca_dev); return 0; } @@ -807,8 +887,12 @@ static int sd_setcontrast(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 val) struct sd *sd = (struct sd *) gspca_dev; sd->contrast = val; - if (gspca_dev->streaming) - setcontrast(gspca_dev); + if (gspca_dev->streaming) { + if (sd->sensor == SENSOR_PAC7302) + setbrightcont(gspca_dev); + else + setcontrast(gspca_dev); + } return 0; } @@ -838,11 +922,61 @@ static int sd_getcolors(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 *val) return 0; } +static int sd_setgain(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 val) +{ + struct sd *sd = (struct sd *) gspca_dev; + + sd->gain = val; + if (gspca_dev->streaming) + setgain(gspca_dev); + return 0; +} + +static int sd_getgain(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 *val) +{ + struct sd *sd = (struct sd *) gspca_dev; + + *val = sd->gain; + return 0; +} + +static int sd_setexposure(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 val) +{ + struct sd *sd = (struct sd *) gspca_dev; + + sd->exposure = val; + if (gspca_dev->streaming) + setexposure(gspca_dev); + return 0; +} + +static int sd_getexposure(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 *val) +{ + struct sd *sd = (struct sd *) gspca_dev; + + *val = sd->exposure; + return 0; +} + static int sd_setautogain(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, __s32 val) { struct sd *sd = (struct sd *) gspca_dev; sd->autogain = val; + /* when switching to autogain set defaults to make sure + we are on a valid point of the autogain gain / + exposure knee graph, and give this change time to + take effect before doing autogain. */ + if (sd->autogain) { + sd->exposure = EXPOSURE_DEF; + sd->gain = GAIN_DEF; + if (gspca_dev->streaming) { + sd->autogain_ignore_frames = + PAC_AUTOGAIN_IGNORE_FRAMES; + setexposure(gspca_dev); + setgain(gspca_dev); + } + } return 0; } @@ -914,6 +1048,7 @@ static __devinitdata struct usb_device_id device_table[] = { {USB_DEVICE(0x093a, 0x260e), .driver_info = SENSOR_PAC7311}, {USB_DEVICE(0x093a, 0x260f), .driver_info = SENSOR_PAC7311}, {USB_DEVICE(0x093a, 0x2621), .driver_info = SENSOR_PAC7302}, + {USB_DEVICE(0x093a, 0x2624), .driver_info = SENSOR_PAC7302}, {} }; MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, device_table); diff --git a/drivers/media/video/gspca/pac_common.h b/drivers/media/video/gspca/pac_common.h index a19b5d44c009..34d4b1494cd5 100644 --- a/drivers/media/video/gspca/pac_common.h +++ b/drivers/media/video/gspca/pac_common.h @@ -23,6 +23,13 @@ * */ +/* We calculate the autogain at the end of the transfer of a frame, at this + moment a frame with the old settings is being transmitted, and a frame is + being captured with the old settings. So if we adjust the autogain we must + ignore atleast the 2 next frames for the new settings to come into effect + before doing any other adjustments */ +#define PAC_AUTOGAIN_IGNORE_FRAMES 3 + static const unsigned char pac_sof_marker[5] = { 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0xff, 0x96 }; @@ -37,7 +44,7 @@ static unsigned char *pac_find_sof(struct gspca_dev *gspca_dev, if (m[i] == pac_sof_marker[sd->sof_read]) { sd->sof_read++; if (sd->sof_read == sizeof(pac_sof_marker)) { - PDEBUG(D_STREAM, + PDEBUG(D_FRAM, "SOF found, bytes to analyze: %u." " Frame starts at byte #%u", len, i + 1); |