License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license

Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>

55 files changed, 55 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/Makefile b/arch/ia64/kernel/Makefile
index 9edda5466020..14ad79f394e5 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/Makefile
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #
 # Makefile for the linux kernel.
 #
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/Makefile.gate b/arch/ia64/kernel/Makefile.gate
index 7da7c65a9bb1..f53faf48b7ce 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/Makefile.gate
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/Makefile.gate
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 # The gate DSO image is built using a special linker script.
 
 targets += gate.so gate.lds gate.o gate-dummy.o
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/asm-offsets.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/asm-offsets.c
index 798bdb209d00..b385ff2bf6ce 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/asm-offsets.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/asm-offsets.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Generate definitions needed by assembly language modules.
  * This code generates raw asm output which is post-processed
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/audit.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/audit.c
index 96a9d18ff4c4..5192ca899fe6 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/audit.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/audit.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #include <linux/audit.h>
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/brl_emu.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/brl_emu.c
index 987b11be0021..9bcc908bc85e 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/brl_emu.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/brl_emu.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *  Emulation of the "brl" instruction for IA64 processors that
  *  don't support it in hardware.
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/crash.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/crash.c
index 75859a07d75b..39f4433a6f0e 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/crash.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/crash.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * arch/ia64/kernel/crash.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/crash_dump.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/crash_dump.c
index 9c12b794e774..0ed3c3dee4cd 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/crash_dump.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/crash_dump.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	kernel/crash_dump.c - Memory preserving reboot related code.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/cyclone.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/cyclone.c
index ee1a4afbf9da..f80eb7fb544d 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/cyclone.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/cyclone.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/smp.h>
 #include <linux/time.h>
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/dma-mapping.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/dma-mapping.c
index e0dd97f4eb69..7a82c9259609 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/dma-mapping.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/dma-mapping.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/efi.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/efi.c
index 81416000c5e0..9c09bf390cce 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/efi.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/efi.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Extensible Firmware Interface
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/efi_stub.S b/arch/ia64/kernel/efi_stub.S
index a56e161d7515..58233bb7976d 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/efi_stub.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/efi_stub.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * EFI call stub.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/elfcore.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/elfcore.c
index 04bc8fd5f893..94680521fbf9 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/elfcore.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/elfcore.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/elf.h>
 #include <linux/coredump.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/entry.S b/arch/ia64/kernel/entry.S
index e7a716b09350..68362b30ea47 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/entry.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/entry.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * arch/ia64/kernel/entry.S
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/entry.h b/arch/ia64/kernel/entry.h
index b83edac02965..6463dc316263 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/entry.h
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/entry.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 
 /*
  * Preserved registers that are shared between code in ivt.S and
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/fsys.S b/arch/ia64/kernel/fsys.S
index edbf7af95849..c0e7c9af2bb9 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/fsys.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/fsys.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * This file contains the light-weight system call handlers (fsyscall-handlers).
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/fsyscall_gtod_data.h b/arch/ia64/kernel/fsyscall_gtod_data.h
index dcc514917731..0914c02a1eb0 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/fsyscall_gtod_data.h
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/fsyscall_gtod_data.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * (c) Copyright 2007 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
  *        Contributed by Peter Keilty <peter.keilty@hp.com>
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/gate.S b/arch/ia64/kernel/gate.S
index 0bd1b3bfaf1c..9f235cd551ab 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/gate.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/gate.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * This file contains the code that gets mapped at the upper end of each task's text
  * region.  For now, it contains the signal trampoline code only.
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/gate.lds.S b/arch/ia64/kernel/gate.lds.S
index 3e8271e85a1e..461c7e69d465 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/gate.lds.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/gate.lds.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Linker script for gate DSO.  The gate pages are an ELF shared object
  * prelinked to its virtual address, with only one read-only segment and
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/head.S b/arch/ia64/kernel/head.S
index 3204fddc439c..e6f45170a4b9 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/head.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/head.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Here is where the ball gets rolling as far as the kernel is concerned.
  * When control is transferred to _start, the bootload has already
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/ia64_ksyms.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/ia64_ksyms.c
index d111248af719..6b51c88e3578 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/ia64_ksyms.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/ia64_ksyms.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Architecture-specific kernel symbols
  */
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/init_task.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/init_task.c
index fa8ee64adac2..8df9245e29d9 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/init_task.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/init_task.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * This is where we statically allocate and initialize the initial
  * task.
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/iosapic.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/iosapic.c
index 90fde5b8669d..550243a94b5d 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/iosapic.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/iosapic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * I/O SAPIC support.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/irq.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/irq.c
index 2ff1df7b14ea..8ed81b252694 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/irq.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/irq.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  *	linux/arch/ia64/kernel/irq.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/irq_ia64.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/irq_ia64.c
index eaa3199f98c8..ab87d6c25b15 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/irq_ia64.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/irq_ia64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * linux/arch/ia64/kernel/irq_ia64.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/irq_lsapic.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/irq_lsapic.c
index 1b3a776e5161..23bf4499a75d 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/irq_lsapic.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/irq_lsapic.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * LSAPIC Interrupt Controller
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/ivt.S b/arch/ia64/kernel/ivt.S
index 44a103a5de2b..1efcbe5f0c78 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/ivt.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/ivt.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * arch/ia64/kernel/ivt.S
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/machvec.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/machvec.c
index f5a1e5246b3e..7bfe98859911 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/machvec.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/machvec.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
 #include <asm/machvec.h>
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/mca_asm.S b/arch/ia64/kernel/mca_asm.S
index d5bdf9de36b6..086cfa4999fd 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/mca_asm.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/mca_asm.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * File:	mca_asm.S
  * Purpose:	assembly portion of the IA64 MCA handling
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/mca_drv.h b/arch/ia64/kernel/mca_drv.h
index 53b8ecb5b4b9..45bc4e3ae14f 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/mca_drv.h
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/mca_drv.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * File:	mca_drv.h
  * Purpose:	Define helpers for Generic MCA handling
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/mca_drv_asm.S b/arch/ia64/kernel/mca_drv_asm.S
index 767ac2c20d16..4428f57bee73 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/mca_drv_asm.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/mca_drv_asm.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * File:        mca_drv_asm.S
  * Purpose:     Assembly portion of Generic MCA handling
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/minstate.h b/arch/ia64/kernel/minstate.h
index 5704700fb703..d6eab2a1084d 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/minstate.h
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/minstate.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 
 #include <asm/cache.h>
 
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/module.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/module.c
index d1d945c6bd05..853b5611a894 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/module.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/module.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * IA-64-specific support for kernel module loader.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/msi_ia64.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/msi_ia64.c
index af4eaec0f7c3..519d9432f407 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/msi_ia64.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/msi_ia64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * MSI hooks for standard x86 apic
  */
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/nr-irqs.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/nr-irqs.c
index f6769cd54bd9..f2633b22d3be 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/nr-irqs.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/nr-irqs.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * calculate
  * NR_IRQS = max(IA64_NATIVE_NR_IRQS, XEN_NR_IRQS, FOO_NR_IRQS...)
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/pal.S b/arch/ia64/kernel/pal.S
index 94fb2e395498..d3e22c018b68 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/pal.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/pal.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * PAL Firmware support
  * IA-64 Processor Programmers Reference Vol 2
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/patch.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/patch.c
index 944a8e2438a6..7f21a8c57ed7 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/patch.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/patch.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Instruction-patching support.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/pci-dma.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/pci-dma.c
index 9094a73f996f..3ba87c22dfbc 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/pci-dma.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/pci-dma.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Dynamic DMA mapping support.
  */
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c
index a14989dacded..5e50939aa03e 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /* Glue code to lib/swiotlb.c */
 
 #include <linux/pci.h>
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_generic.h b/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_generic.h
index 67489478041e..96af4696cea9 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_generic.h
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_generic.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * This file contains the generic PMU register description tables
  * and pmc checker used by perfmon.c.
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_itanium.h b/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_itanium.h
index d1d508a0fbd3..f2d348648a03 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_itanium.h
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_itanium.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * This file contains the Itanium PMU register description tables
  * and pmc checker used by perfmon.c.
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_mckinley.h b/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_mckinley.h
index c4bec7a9d18f..a993249e58bc 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_mckinley.h
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_mckinley.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * This file contains the McKinley PMU register description tables
  * and pmc checker used by perfmon.c.
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_montecito.h b/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_montecito.h
index 7f8da4c7ca67..c0b5b9110c88 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_montecito.h
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/perfmon_montecito.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * This file contains the Montecito PMU register description tables
  * and pmc checker used by perfmon.c.
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/process.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/process.c
index d344d0d691aa..dda0082056b3 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/process.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/process.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Architecture-specific setup.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/ptrace.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/ptrace.c
index 3f8293378a83..427cd565fd61 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/ptrace.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/ptrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Kernel support for the ptrace() and syscall tracing interfaces.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/setup.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/setup.c
index 23e3fd61e335..dee56bcb993d 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/setup.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/setup.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Architecture-specific setup.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/sigframe.h b/arch/ia64/kernel/sigframe.h
index 9fd9a1933b3d..58a36ce6c26e 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/sigframe.h
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/sigframe.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 struct sigscratch {
 	unsigned long scratch_unat;	/* ar.unat for the general registers saved in pt */
 	unsigned long ar_pfs;		/* for syscalls, the user-level function-state  */
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/signal.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/signal.c
index 6146d53b6ad7..a254cc98f95c 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/signal.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/signal.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Architecture-specific signal handling support.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/stacktrace.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/stacktrace.c
index 5af2783a87f4..6e583a6bd2f6 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/stacktrace.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/stacktrace.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * arch/ia64/kernel/stacktrace.c
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/sys_ia64.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/sys_ia64.c
index 5ce927c854a6..085adfcc74a4 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/sys_ia64.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/sys_ia64.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * This file contains various system calls that have different calling
  * conventions on different platforms.
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/traps.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/traps.c
index 3cb17cf9b362..6d4e76a4267f 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/traps.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/traps.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Architecture-specific trap handling.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/unaligned.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/unaligned.c
index a13680ca1e61..72e9b4242564 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/unaligned.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/unaligned.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Architecture-specific unaligned trap handling.
  *
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/unwind.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/unwind.c
index 9704e2cd9878..e04efa088902 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/unwind.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/unwind.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 1999-2004 Hewlett-Packard Co
  *	David Mosberger-Tang <davidm@hpl.hp.com>
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/unwind_decoder.c b/arch/ia64/kernel/unwind_decoder.c
index 50ac2d82f9bf..83f54f7929b5 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/unwind_decoder.c
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/unwind_decoder.c
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2000 Hewlett-Packard Co
  * Copyright (C) 2000 David Mosberger-Tang <davidm@hpl.hp.com>
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/unwind_i.h b/arch/ia64/kernel/unwind_i.h
index 96693a6ae370..67994a7e5816 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/unwind_i.h
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/unwind_i.h
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2000, 2002-2003 Hewlett-Packard Co
  *	David Mosberger-Tang <davidm@hpl.hp.com>
diff --git a/arch/ia64/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S b/arch/ia64/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
index 798026dde52e..58db59da0bd8 100644
--- a/arch/ia64/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
+++ b/arch/ia64/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
 
 #include <asm/cache.h>
 #include <asm/ptrace.h>