/* * A power allocator to manage temperature * * Copyright (C) 2014 ARM Ltd. * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as * published by the Free Software Foundation. * * This program is distributed "as is" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY of any * kind, whether express or implied; without even the implied warranty * of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. */ #define pr_fmt(fmt) "Power allocator: " fmt #include <linux/rculist.h> #include <linux/slab.h> #include <linux/thermal.h> #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS #include <trace/events/thermal_power_allocator.h> #include "thermal_core.h" #define INVALID_TRIP -1 #define FRAC_BITS 10 #define int_to_frac(x) ((x) << FRAC_BITS) #define frac_to_int(x) ((x) >> FRAC_BITS) /** * mul_frac() - multiply two fixed-point numbers * @x: first multiplicand * @y: second multiplicand * * Return: the result of multiplying two fixed-point numbers. The * result is also a fixed-point number. */ static inline s64 mul_frac(s64 x, s64 y) { return (x * y) >> FRAC_BITS; } /** * div_frac() - divide two fixed-point numbers * @x: the dividend * @y: the divisor * * Return: the result of dividing two fixed-point numbers. The * result is also a fixed-point number. */ static inline s64 div_frac(s64 x, s64 y) { return div_s64(x << FRAC_BITS, y); } /** * struct power_allocator_params - parameters for the power allocator governor * @allocated_tzp: whether we have allocated tzp for this thermal zone and * it needs to be freed on unbind * @err_integral: accumulated error in the PID controller. * @prev_err: error in the previous iteration of the PID controller. * Used to calculate the derivative term. * @trip_switch_on: first passive trip point of the thermal zone. The * governor switches on when this trip point is crossed. * If the thermal zone only has one passive trip point, * @trip_switch_on should be INVALID_TRIP. * @trip_max_desired_temperature: last passive trip point of the thermal * zone. The temperature we are * controlling for. */ struct power_allocator_params { bool allocated_tzp; s64 err_integral; s32 prev_err; int trip_switch_on; int trip_max_desired_temperature; }; /** * estimate_sustainable_power() - Estimate the sustainable power of a thermal zone * @tz: thermal zone we are operating in * * For thermal zones that don't provide a sustainable_power in their * thermal_zone_params, estimate one. Calculate it using the minimum * power of all the cooling devices as that gives a valid value that * can give some degree of functionality. For optimal performance of * this governor, provide a sustainable_power in the thermal zone's * thermal_zone_params. */ static u32 estimate_sustainable_power(struct thermal_zone_device *tz) { u32 sustainable_power = 0; struct thermal_instance *instance; struct power_allocator_params *params = tz->governor_data; list_for_each_entry(instance, &tz->thermal_instances, tz_node) { struct thermal_cooling_device *cdev = instance->cdev; u32 min_power; if (instance->trip != params->trip_max_desired_temperature) continue; if (power_actor_get_min_power(cdev, tz, &min_power)) continue; sustainable_power += min_power; } return sustainable_power; } /** * estimate_pid_constants() - Estimate the constants for the PID controller * @tz: thermal zone for which to estimate the constants * @sustainable_power: sustainable power for the thermal zone * @trip_switch_on: trip point number for the switch on temperature * @control_temp: target temperature for the power allocator governor * @force: whether to force the update of the constants * * This function is used to update the estimation of the PID * controller constants in struct thermal_zone_parameters. * Sustainable power is provided in case it was estimated. The * estimated sustainable_power should not be stored in the * thermal_zone_parameters so it has to be passed explicitly to this * function. * * If @force is not set, the values in the thermal zone's parameters * are preserved if they are not zero. If @force is set, the values * in thermal zone's parameters are overwritten. */ static void estimate_pid_constants(struct thermal_zone_device *tz, u32 sustainable_power, int trip_switch_on, int control_temp, bool force) { int ret; int switch_on_temp; u32 temperature_threshold; ret = tz->ops->get_trip_temp(tz, trip_switch_on, &switch_on_temp); if (ret) switch_on_temp = 0; temperature_threshold = control_temp - switch_on_temp; /* * estimate_pid_constants() tries to find appropriate default * values for thermal zones that don't provide them. If a * system integrator has configured a thermal zone with two * passive trip points at the same temperature, that person * hasn't put any effort to set up the thermal zone properly * so just give up. */ if (!temperature_threshold) return; if (!tz->tzp->k_po || force) tz->tzp->k_po = int_to_frac(sustainable_power) / temperature_threshold; if (!tz->tzp->k_pu || force) tz->tzp->k_pu = int_to_frac(2 * sustainable_power) / temperature_threshold; if (!tz->tzp->k_i || force) tz->tzp->k_i = int_to_frac(10) / 1000; /* * The default for k_d and integral_cutoff is 0, so we can * leave them as they are. */ } /** * pid_controller() - PID controller * @tz: thermal zone we are operating in * @control_temp: the target temperature in millicelsius * @max_allocatable_power: maximum allocatable power for this thermal zone * * This PID controller increases the available power budget so that the * temperature of the thermal zone gets as close as possible to * @control_temp and limits the power if it exceeds it. k_po is the * proportional term when we are overshooting, k_pu is the * proportional term when we are undershooting. integral_cutoff is a * threshold below which we stop accumulating the error. The * accumulated error is only valid if the requested power will make * the system warmer. If the system is mostly idle, there's no point * in accumulating positive error. * * Return: The power budget for the next period. */ static u32 pid_controller(struct thermal_zone_device *tz, int control_temp, u32 max_allocatable_power) { s64 p, i, d, power_range; s32 err, max_power_frac; u32 sustainable_power; struct power_allocator_params *params = tz->governor_data; max_power_frac = int_to_frac(max_allocatable_power); if (tz->tzp->sustainable_power) { sustainable_power = tz->tzp->sustainable_power; } else { sustainable_power = estimate_sustainable_power(tz); estimate_pid_constants(tz, sustainable_power, params->trip_switch_on, control_temp, true); } err = control_temp - tz->temperature; err = int_to_frac(err); /* Calculate the proportional term */ p = mul_frac(err < 0 ? tz->tzp->k_po : tz->tzp->k_pu, err); /* * Calculate the integral term * * if the error is less than cut off allow integration (but * the integral is limited to max power) */ i = mul_frac(tz->tzp->k_i, params->err_integral); if (err < int_to_frac(tz->tzp->integral_cutoff)) { s64 i_next = i + mul_frac(tz->tzp->k_i, err); if (abs(i_next) < max_power_frac) { i = i_next; params->err_integral += err; } } /* * Calculate the derivative term * * We do err - prev_err, so with a positive k_d, a decreasing * error (i.e. driving closer to the line) results in less * power being applied, slowing down the controller) */ d = mul_frac(tz->tzp->k_d, err - params->prev_err); d = div_frac(d, tz->passive_delay); params->prev_err = err; power_range = p + i + d; /* feed-forward the known sustainable dissipatable power */ power_range = sustainable_power + frac_to_int(power_range); power_range = clamp(power_range, (s64)0, (s64)max_allocatable_power); trace_thermal_power_allocator_pid(tz, frac_to_int(err), frac_to_int(params->err_integral), frac_to_int(p), frac_to_int(i), frac_to_int(d), power_range); return power_range; } /** * divvy_up_power() - divvy the allocated power between the actors * @req_power: each actor's requested power * @max_power: each actor's maximum available power * @num_actors: size of the @req_power, @max_power and @granted_power's array * @total_req_power: sum of @req_power * @power_range: total allocated power * @granted_power: output array: each actor's granted power * @extra_actor_power: an appropriately sized array to be used in the * function as temporary storage of the extra power given * to the actors * * This function divides the total allocated power (@power_range) * fairly between the actors. It first tries to give each actor a * share of the @power_range according to how much power it requested * compared to the rest of the actors. For example, if only one actor * requests power, then it receives all the @power_range. If * three actors each requests 1mW, each receives a third of the * @power_range. * * If any actor received more than their maximum power, then that * surplus is re-divvied among the actors based on how far they are * from their respective maximums. * * Granted power for each actor is written to @granted_power, which * should've been allocated by the calling function. */ static void divvy_up_power(u32 *req_power, u32 *max_power, int num_actors, u32 total_req_power, u32 power_range, u32 *granted_power, u32 *extra_actor_power) { u32 extra_power, capped_extra_power; int i; /* * Prevent division by 0 if none of the actors request power. */ if (!total_req_power) total_req_power = 1; capped_extra_power = 0; extra_power = 0; for (i = 0; i < num_actors; i++) { u64 req_range = (u64)req_power[i] * power_range; granted_power[i] = DIV_ROUND_CLOSEST_ULL(req_range, total_req_power); if (granted_power[i] > max_power[i]) { extra_power += granted_power[i] - max_power[i]; granted_power[i] = max_power[i]; } extra_actor_power[i] = max_power[i] - granted_power[i]; capped_extra_power += extra_actor_power[i]; } if (!extra_power) return; /* * Re-divvy the reclaimed extra among actors based on * how far they are from the max */ extra_power = min(extra_power, capped_extra_power); if (capped_extra_power > 0) for (i = 0; i < num_actors; i++) granted_power[i] += (extra_actor_power[i] * extra_power) / capped_extra_power; } static int allocate_power(struct thermal_zone_device *tz, int control_temp) { struct thermal_instance *instance; struct power_allocator_params *params = tz->governor_data; u32 *req_power, *max_power, *granted_power, *extra_actor_power; u32 *weighted_req_power; u32 total_req_power, max_allocatable_power, total_weighted_req_power; u32 total_granted_power, power_range; int i, num_actors, total_weight, ret = 0; int trip_max_desired_temperature = params->trip_max_desired_temperature; mutex_lock(&tz->lock); num_actors = 0; total_weight = 0; list_for_each_entry(instance, &tz->thermal_instances, tz_node) { if ((instance->trip == trip_max_desired_temperature) && cdev_is_power_actor(instance->cdev)) { num_actors++; total_weight += instance->weight; } } if (!num_actors) { ret = -ENODEV; goto unlock; } /* * We need to allocate five arrays of the same size: * req_power, max_power, granted_power, extra_actor_power and * weighted_req_power. They are going to be needed until this * function returns. Allocate them all in one go to simplify * the allocation and deallocation logic. */ BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(*req_power) != sizeof(*max_power)); BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(*req_power) != sizeof(*granted_power)); BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(*req_power) != sizeof(*extra_actor_power)); BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(*req_power) != sizeof(*weighted_req_power)); req_power = kcalloc(num_actors * 5, sizeof(*req_power), GFP_KERNEL); if (!req_power) { ret = -ENOMEM; goto unlock; } max_power = &req_power[num_actors]; granted_power = &req_power[2 * num_actors]; extra_actor_power = &req_power[3 * num_actors]; weighted_req_power = &req_power[4 * num_actors]; i = 0; total_weighted_req_power = 0; total_req_power = 0; max_allocatable_power = 0; list_for_each_entry(instance, &tz->thermal_instances, tz_node) { int weight; struct thermal_cooling_device *cdev = instance->cdev; if (instance->trip != trip_max_desired_temperature) continue; if (!cdev_is_power_actor(cdev)) continue; if (cdev->ops->get_requested_power(cdev, tz, &req_power[i])) continue; if (!total_weight) weight = 1 << FRAC_BITS; else weight = instance->weight; weighted_req_power[i] = frac_to_int(weight * req_power[i]); if (power_actor_get_max_power(cdev, tz, &max_power[i])) continue; total_req_power += req_power[i]; max_allocatable_power += max_power[i]; total_weighted_req_power += weighted_req_power[i]; i++; } power_range = pid_controller(tz, control_temp, max_allocatable_power); divvy_up_power(weighted_req_power, max_power, num_actors, total_weighted_req_power, power_range, granted_power, extra_actor_power); total_granted_power = 0; i = 0; list_for_each_entry(instance, &tz->thermal_instances, tz_node) { if (instance->trip != trip_max_desired_temperature) continue; if (!cdev_is_power_actor(instance->cdev)) continue; power_actor_set_power(instance->cdev, instance, granted_power[i]); total_granted_power += granted_power[i]; i++; } trace_thermal_power_allocator(tz, req_power, total_req_power, granted_power, total_granted_power, num_actors, power_range, max_allocatable_power, tz->temperature, control_temp - tz->temperature); kfree(req_power); unlock: mutex_unlock(&tz->lock); return ret; } /** * get_governor_trips() - get the number of the two trip points that are key for this governor * @tz: thermal zone to operate on * @params: pointer to private data for this governor * * The power allocator governor works optimally with two trips points: * a "switch on" trip point and a "maximum desired temperature". These * are defined as the first and last passive trip points. * * If there is only one trip point, then that's considered to be the * "maximum desired temperature" trip point and the governor is always * on. If there are no passive or active trip points, then the * governor won't do anything. In fact, its throttle function * won't be called at all. */ static void get_governor_trips(struct thermal_zone_device *tz, struct power_allocator_params *params) { int i, last_active, last_passive; bool found_first_passive; found_first_passive = false; last_active = INVALID_TRIP; last_passive = INVALID_TRIP; for (i = 0; i < tz->trips; i++) { enum thermal_trip_type type; int ret; ret = tz->ops->get_trip_type(tz, i, &type); if (ret) { dev_warn(&tz->device, "Failed to get trip point %d type: %d\n", i, ret); continue; } if (type == THERMAL_TRIP_PASSIVE) { if (!found_first_passive) { params->trip_switch_on = i; found_first_passive = true; } else { last_passive = i; } } else if (type == THERMAL_TRIP_ACTIVE) { last_active = i; } else { break; } } if (last_passive != INVALID_TRIP) { params->trip_max_desired_temperature = last_passive; } else if (found_first_passive) { params->trip_max_desired_temperature = params->trip_switch_on; params->trip_switch_on = INVALID_TRIP; } else { params->trip_switch_on = INVALID_TRIP; params->trip_max_desired_temperature = last_active; } } static void reset_pid_controller(struct power_allocator_params *params) { params->err_integral = 0; params->prev_err = 0; } static void allow_maximum_power(struct thermal_zone_device *tz) { struct thermal_instance *instance; struct power_allocator_params *params = tz->governor_data; list_for_each_entry(instance, &tz->thermal_instances, tz_node) { if ((instance->trip != params->trip_max_desired_temperature) || (!cdev_is_power_actor(instance->cdev))) continue; instance->target = 0; mutex_lock(&instance->cdev->lock); instance->cdev->updated = false; mutex_unlock(&instance->cdev->lock); thermal_cdev_update(instance->cdev); } } /** * power_allocator_bind() - bind the power_allocator governor to a thermal zone * @tz: thermal zone to bind it to * * Initialize the PID controller parameters and bind it to the thermal * zone. * * Return: 0 on success, or -ENOMEM if we ran out of memory. */ static int power_allocator_bind(struct thermal_zone_device *tz) { int ret; struct power_allocator_params *params; int control_temp; params = kzalloc(sizeof(*params), GFP_KERNEL); if (!params) return -ENOMEM; if (!tz->tzp) { tz->tzp = kzalloc(sizeof(*tz->tzp), GFP_KERNEL); if (!tz->tzp) { ret = -ENOMEM; goto free_params; } params->allocated_tzp = true; } if (!tz->tzp->sustainable_power) dev_warn(&tz->device, "power_allocator: sustainable_power will be estimated\n"); get_governor_trips(tz, params); if (tz->trips > 0) { ret = tz->ops->get_trip_temp(tz, params->trip_max_desired_temperature, &control_temp); if (!ret) estimate_pid_constants(tz, tz->tzp->sustainable_power, params->trip_switch_on, control_temp, false); } reset_pid_controller(params); tz->governor_data = params; return 0; free_params: kfree(params); return ret; } static void power_allocator_unbind(struct thermal_zone_device *tz) { struct power_allocator_params *params = tz->governor_data; dev_dbg(&tz->device, "Unbinding from thermal zone %d\n", tz->id); if (params->allocated_tzp) { kfree(tz->tzp); tz->tzp = NULL; } kfree(tz->governor_data); tz->governor_data = NULL; } static int power_allocator_throttle(struct thermal_zone_device *tz, int trip) { int ret; int switch_on_temp, control_temp; struct power_allocator_params *params = tz->governor_data; /* * We get called for every trip point but we only need to do * our calculations once */ if (trip != params->trip_max_desired_temperature) return 0; ret = tz->ops->get_trip_temp(tz, params->trip_switch_on, &switch_on_temp); if (!ret && (tz->temperature < switch_on_temp)) { tz->passive = 0; reset_pid_controller(params); allow_maximum_power(tz); return 0; } tz->passive = 1; ret = tz->ops->get_trip_temp(tz, params->trip_max_desired_temperature, &control_temp); if (ret) { dev_warn(&tz->device, "Failed to get the maximum desired temperature: %d\n", ret); return ret; } return allocate_power(tz, control_temp); } static struct thermal_governor thermal_gov_power_allocator = { .name = "power_allocator", .bind_to_tz = power_allocator_bind, .unbind_from_tz = power_allocator_unbind, .throttle = power_allocator_throttle, }; int thermal_gov_power_allocator_register(void) { return thermal_register_governor(&thermal_gov_power_allocator); } void thermal_gov_power_allocator_unregister(void) { thermal_unregister_governor(&thermal_gov_power_allocator); }