/****************************************************************************** * * This file is provided under a dual BSD/GPLv2 license. When using or * redistributing this file, you may do so under either license. * * GPL LICENSE SUMMARY * * Copyright(c) 2007 - 2012 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public License as * published by the Free Software Foundation. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU * General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110, * USA * * The full GNU General Public License is included in this distribution * in the file called LICENSE.GPL. * * Contact Information: * Intel Linux Wireless * Intel Corporation, 5200 N.E. Elam Young Parkway, Hillsboro, OR 97124-6497 * * BSD LICENSE * * Copyright(c) 2005 - 2012 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved. * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the * distribution. * * Neither the name Intel Corporation nor the names of its * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived * from this software without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. * *****************************************************************************/ #include #include #include #include #include "iwl-drv.h" #include "iwl-trans.h" #include "iwl-shared.h" #include "iwl-op-mode.h" /* private includes */ #include "iwl-fw-file.h" /** * struct iwl_drv - drv common data * @fw: the iwl_fw structure * @shrd: pointer to common shared structure * @op_mode: the running op_mode * @fw_index: firmware revision to try loading * @firmware_name: composite filename of ucode file to load * @request_firmware_complete: the firmware has been obtained from user space */ struct iwl_drv { struct iwl_fw fw; struct iwl_shared *shrd; struct iwl_op_mode *op_mode; int fw_index; /* firmware we're trying to load */ char firmware_name[25]; /* name of firmware file to load */ struct completion request_firmware_complete; }; static void iwl_free_fw_desc(struct iwl_drv *drv, struct fw_desc *desc) { if (desc->v_addr) dma_free_coherent(trans(drv)->dev, desc->len, desc->v_addr, desc->p_addr); desc->v_addr = NULL; desc->len = 0; } static void iwl_free_fw_img(struct iwl_drv *drv, struct fw_img *img) { iwl_free_fw_desc(drv, &img->code); iwl_free_fw_desc(drv, &img->data); } static void iwl_dealloc_ucode(struct iwl_drv *drv) { iwl_free_fw_img(drv, &drv->fw.ucode_rt); iwl_free_fw_img(drv, &drv->fw.ucode_init); iwl_free_fw_img(drv, &drv->fw.ucode_wowlan); } static int iwl_alloc_fw_desc(struct iwl_drv *drv, struct fw_desc *desc, const void *data, size_t len) { if (!len) { desc->v_addr = NULL; return -EINVAL; } desc->v_addr = dma_alloc_coherent(trans(drv)->dev, len, &desc->p_addr, GFP_KERNEL); if (!desc->v_addr) return -ENOMEM; desc->len = len; memcpy(desc->v_addr, data, len); return 0; } static void iwl_ucode_callback(const struct firmware *ucode_raw, void *context); #define UCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_INDEX 100 #define UCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_TAG "exp" static int iwl_request_firmware(struct iwl_drv *drv, bool first) { const struct iwl_cfg *cfg = cfg(drv); const char *name_pre = cfg->fw_name_pre; char tag[8]; if (first) { #ifdef CONFIG_IWLWIFI_DEBUG_EXPERIMENTAL_UCODE drv->fw_index = UCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_INDEX; strcpy(tag, UCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_TAG); } else if (drv->fw_index == UCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_INDEX) { #endif drv->fw_index = cfg->ucode_api_max; sprintf(tag, "%d", drv->fw_index); } else { drv->fw_index--; sprintf(tag, "%d", drv->fw_index); } if (drv->fw_index < cfg->ucode_api_min) { IWL_ERR(drv, "no suitable firmware found!\n"); return -ENOENT; } sprintf(drv->firmware_name, "%s%s%s", name_pre, tag, ".ucode"); IWL_DEBUG_INFO(drv, "attempting to load firmware %s'%s'\n", (drv->fw_index == UCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_INDEX) ? "EXPERIMENTAL " : "", drv->firmware_name); return request_firmware_nowait(THIS_MODULE, 1, drv->firmware_name, trans(drv)->dev, GFP_KERNEL, drv, iwl_ucode_callback); } struct iwlagn_firmware_pieces { const void *inst, *data, *init, *init_data, *wowlan_inst, *wowlan_data; size_t inst_size, data_size, init_size, init_data_size, wowlan_inst_size, wowlan_data_size; u32 init_evtlog_ptr, init_evtlog_size, init_errlog_ptr; u32 inst_evtlog_ptr, inst_evtlog_size, inst_errlog_ptr; }; static int iwl_parse_v1_v2_firmware(struct iwl_drv *drv, const struct firmware *ucode_raw, struct iwlagn_firmware_pieces *pieces) { struct iwl_ucode_header *ucode = (void *)ucode_raw->data; u32 api_ver, hdr_size, build; char buildstr[25]; const u8 *src; drv->fw.ucode_ver = le32_to_cpu(ucode->ver); api_ver = IWL_UCODE_API(drv->fw.ucode_ver); switch (api_ver) { default: hdr_size = 28; if (ucode_raw->size < hdr_size) { IWL_ERR(drv, "File size too small!\n"); return -EINVAL; } build = le32_to_cpu(ucode->u.v2.build); pieces->inst_size = le32_to_cpu(ucode->u.v2.inst_size); pieces->data_size = le32_to_cpu(ucode->u.v2.data_size); pieces->init_size = le32_to_cpu(ucode->u.v2.init_size); pieces->init_data_size = le32_to_cpu(ucode->u.v2.init_data_size); src = ucode->u.v2.data; break; case 0: case 1: case 2: hdr_size = 24; if (ucode_raw->size < hdr_size) { IWL_ERR(drv, "File size too small!\n"); return -EINVAL; } build = 0; pieces->inst_size = le32_to_cpu(ucode->u.v1.inst_size); pieces->data_size = le32_to_cpu(ucode->u.v1.data_size); pieces->init_size = le32_to_cpu(ucode->u.v1.init_size); pieces->init_data_size = le32_to_cpu(ucode->u.v1.init_data_size); src = ucode->u.v1.data; break; } if (build) sprintf(buildstr, " build %u%s", build, (drv->fw_index == UCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_INDEX) ? " (EXP)" : ""); else buildstr[0] = '\0'; snprintf(drv->fw.fw_version, sizeof(drv->fw.fw_version), "%u.%u.%u.%u%s", IWL_UCODE_MAJOR(drv->fw.ucode_ver), IWL_UCODE_MINOR(drv->fw.ucode_ver), IWL_UCODE_API(drv->fw.ucode_ver), IWL_UCODE_SERIAL(drv->fw.ucode_ver), buildstr); /* Verify size of file vs. image size info in file's header */ if (ucode_raw->size != hdr_size + pieces->inst_size + pieces->data_size + pieces->init_size + pieces->init_data_size) { IWL_ERR(drv, "uCode file size %d does not match expected size\n", (int)ucode_raw->size); return -EINVAL; } pieces->inst = src; src += pieces->inst_size; pieces->data = src; src += pieces->data_size; pieces->init = src; src += pieces->init_size; pieces->init_data = src; src += pieces->init_data_size; return 0; } static int iwl_parse_tlv_firmware(struct iwl_drv *drv, const struct firmware *ucode_raw, struct iwlagn_firmware_pieces *pieces, struct iwl_ucode_capabilities *capa) { struct iwl_tlv_ucode_header *ucode = (void *)ucode_raw->data; struct iwl_ucode_tlv *tlv; size_t len = ucode_raw->size; const u8 *data; int wanted_alternative = iwlagn_mod_params.wanted_ucode_alternative; int tmp; u64 alternatives; u32 tlv_len; enum iwl_ucode_tlv_type tlv_type; const u8 *tlv_data; char buildstr[25]; u32 build; if (len < sizeof(*ucode)) { IWL_ERR(drv, "uCode has invalid length: %zd\n", len); return -EINVAL; } if (ucode->magic != cpu_to_le32(IWL_TLV_UCODE_MAGIC)) { IWL_ERR(drv, "invalid uCode magic: 0X%x\n", le32_to_cpu(ucode->magic)); return -EINVAL; } /* * Check which alternatives are present, and "downgrade" * when the chosen alternative is not present, warning * the user when that happens. Some files may not have * any alternatives, so don't warn in that case. */ alternatives = le64_to_cpu(ucode->alternatives); tmp = wanted_alternative; if (wanted_alternative > 63) wanted_alternative = 63; while (wanted_alternative && !(alternatives & BIT(wanted_alternative))) wanted_alternative--; if (wanted_alternative && wanted_alternative != tmp) IWL_WARN(drv, "uCode alternative %d not available, choosing %d\n", tmp, wanted_alternative); drv->fw.ucode_ver = le32_to_cpu(ucode->ver); build = le32_to_cpu(ucode->build); if (build) sprintf(buildstr, " build %u%s", build, (drv->fw_index == UCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_INDEX) ? " (EXP)" : ""); else buildstr[0] = '\0'; snprintf(drv->fw.fw_version, sizeof(drv->fw.fw_version), "%u.%u.%u.%u%s", IWL_UCODE_MAJOR(drv->fw.ucode_ver), IWL_UCODE_MINOR(drv->fw.ucode_ver), IWL_UCODE_API(drv->fw.ucode_ver), IWL_UCODE_SERIAL(drv->fw.ucode_ver), buildstr); data = ucode->data; len -= sizeof(*ucode); while (len >= sizeof(*tlv)) { u16 tlv_alt; len -= sizeof(*tlv); tlv = (void *)data; tlv_len = le32_to_cpu(tlv->length); tlv_type = le16_to_cpu(tlv->type); tlv_alt = le16_to_cpu(tlv->alternative); tlv_data = tlv->data; if (len < tlv_len) { IWL_ERR(drv, "invalid TLV len: %zd/%u\n", len, tlv_len); return -EINVAL; } len -= ALIGN(tlv_len, 4); data += sizeof(*tlv) + ALIGN(tlv_len, 4); /* * Alternative 0 is always valid. * * Skip alternative TLVs that are not selected. */ if (tlv_alt != 0 && tlv_alt != wanted_alternative) continue; switch (tlv_type) { case IWL_UCODE_TLV_INST: pieces->inst = tlv_data; pieces->inst_size = tlv_len; break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_DATA: pieces->data = tlv_data; pieces->data_size = tlv_len; break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_INIT: pieces->init = tlv_data; pieces->init_size = tlv_len; break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_INIT_DATA: pieces->init_data = tlv_data; pieces->init_data_size = tlv_len; break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_BOOT: IWL_ERR(drv, "Found unexpected BOOT ucode\n"); break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_PROBE_MAX_LEN: if (tlv_len != sizeof(u32)) goto invalid_tlv_len; capa->max_probe_length = le32_to_cpup((__le32 *)tlv_data); break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_PAN: if (tlv_len) goto invalid_tlv_len; capa->flags |= IWL_UCODE_TLV_FLAGS_PAN; break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_FLAGS: /* must be at least one u32 */ if (tlv_len < sizeof(u32)) goto invalid_tlv_len; /* and a proper number of u32s */ if (tlv_len % sizeof(u32)) goto invalid_tlv_len; /* * This driver only reads the first u32 as * right now no more features are defined, * if that changes then either the driver * will not work with the new firmware, or * it'll not take advantage of new features. */ capa->flags = le32_to_cpup((__le32 *)tlv_data); break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_INIT_EVTLOG_PTR: if (tlv_len != sizeof(u32)) goto invalid_tlv_len; pieces->init_evtlog_ptr = le32_to_cpup((__le32 *)tlv_data); break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_INIT_EVTLOG_SIZE: if (tlv_len != sizeof(u32)) goto invalid_tlv_len; pieces->init_evtlog_size = le32_to_cpup((__le32 *)tlv_data); break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_INIT_ERRLOG_PTR: if (tlv_len != sizeof(u32)) goto invalid_tlv_len; pieces->init_errlog_ptr = le32_to_cpup((__le32 *)tlv_data); break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_RUNT_EVTLOG_PTR: if (tlv_len != sizeof(u32)) goto invalid_tlv_len; pieces->inst_evtlog_ptr = le32_to_cpup((__le32 *)tlv_data); break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_RUNT_EVTLOG_SIZE: if (tlv_len != sizeof(u32)) goto invalid_tlv_len; pieces->inst_evtlog_size = le32_to_cpup((__le32 *)tlv_data); break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_RUNT_ERRLOG_PTR: if (tlv_len != sizeof(u32)) goto invalid_tlv_len; pieces->inst_errlog_ptr = le32_to_cpup((__le32 *)tlv_data); break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_ENHANCE_SENS_TBL: if (tlv_len) goto invalid_tlv_len; drv->fw.enhance_sensitivity_table = true; break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_WOWLAN_INST: pieces->wowlan_inst = tlv_data; pieces->wowlan_inst_size = tlv_len; break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_WOWLAN_DATA: pieces->wowlan_data = tlv_data; pieces->wowlan_data_size = tlv_len; break; case IWL_UCODE_TLV_PHY_CALIBRATION_SIZE: if (tlv_len != sizeof(u32)) goto invalid_tlv_len; capa->standard_phy_calibration_size = le32_to_cpup((__le32 *)tlv_data); break; default: IWL_DEBUG_INFO(drv, "unknown TLV: %d\n", tlv_type); break; } } if (len) { IWL_ERR(drv, "invalid TLV after parsing: %zd\n", len); iwl_print_hex_dump(drv, IWL_DL_FW, (u8 *)data, len); return -EINVAL; } return 0; invalid_tlv_len: IWL_ERR(drv, "TLV %d has invalid size: %u\n", tlv_type, tlv_len); iwl_print_hex_dump(drv, IWL_DL_FW, tlv_data, tlv_len); return -EINVAL; } /** * iwl_ucode_callback - callback when firmware was loaded * * If loaded successfully, copies the firmware into buffers * for the card to fetch (via DMA). */ static void iwl_ucode_callback(const struct firmware *ucode_raw, void *context) { struct iwl_drv *drv = context; const struct iwl_cfg *cfg = cfg(drv); struct iwl_fw *fw = &drv->fw; struct iwl_ucode_header *ucode; int err; struct iwlagn_firmware_pieces pieces; const unsigned int api_max = cfg->ucode_api_max; unsigned int api_ok = cfg->ucode_api_ok; const unsigned int api_min = cfg->ucode_api_min; u32 api_ver; fw->ucode_capa.max_probe_length = 200; fw->ucode_capa.standard_phy_calibration_size = IWL_DEFAULT_STANDARD_PHY_CALIBRATE_TBL_SIZE; if (!api_ok) api_ok = api_max; memset(&pieces, 0, sizeof(pieces)); if (!ucode_raw) { if (drv->fw_index <= api_ok) IWL_ERR(drv, "request for firmware file '%s' failed.\n", drv->firmware_name); goto try_again; } IWL_DEBUG_INFO(drv, "Loaded firmware file '%s' (%zd bytes).\n", drv->firmware_name, ucode_raw->size); /* Make sure that we got at least the API version number */ if (ucode_raw->size < 4) { IWL_ERR(drv, "File size way too small!\n"); goto try_again; } /* Data from ucode file: header followed by uCode images */ ucode = (struct iwl_ucode_header *)ucode_raw->data; if (ucode->ver) err = iwl_parse_v1_v2_firmware(drv, ucode_raw, &pieces); else err = iwl_parse_tlv_firmware(drv, ucode_raw, &pieces, &fw->ucode_capa); if (err) goto try_again; api_ver = IWL_UCODE_API(drv->fw.ucode_ver); /* * api_ver should match the api version forming part of the * firmware filename ... but we don't check for that and only rely * on the API version read from firmware header from here on forward */ /* no api version check required for experimental uCode */ if (drv->fw_index != UCODE_EXPERIMENTAL_INDEX) { if (api_ver < api_min || api_ver > api_max) { IWL_ERR(drv, "Driver unable to support your firmware API. " "Driver supports v%u, firmware is v%u.\n", api_max, api_ver); goto try_again; } if (api_ver < api_ok) { if (api_ok != api_max) IWL_ERR(drv, "Firmware has old API version, " "expected v%u through v%u, got v%u.\n", api_ok, api_max, api_ver); else IWL_ERR(drv, "Firmware has old API version, " "expected v%u, got v%u.\n", api_max, api_ver); IWL_ERR(drv, "New firmware can be obtained from " "http://www.intellinuxwireless.org/.\n"); } } IWL_INFO(drv, "loaded firmware version %s", drv->fw.fw_version); /* * For any of the failures below (before allocating pci memory) * we will try to load a version with a smaller API -- maybe the * user just got a corrupted version of the latest API. */ IWL_DEBUG_INFO(drv, "f/w package hdr ucode version raw = 0x%x\n", drv->fw.ucode_ver); IWL_DEBUG_INFO(drv, "f/w package hdr runtime inst size = %Zd\n", pieces.inst_size); IWL_DEBUG_INFO(drv, "f/w package hdr runtime data size = %Zd\n", pieces.data_size); IWL_DEBUG_INFO(drv, "f/w package hdr init inst size = %Zd\n", pieces.init_size); IWL_DEBUG_INFO(drv, "f/w package hdr init data size = %Zd\n", pieces.init_data_size); /* Verify that uCode images will fit in card's SRAM */ if (pieces.inst_size > cfg->max_inst_size) { IWL_ERR(drv, "uCode instr len %Zd too large to fit in\n", pieces.inst_size); goto try_again; } if (pieces.data_size > cfg->max_data_size) { IWL_ERR(drv, "uCode data len %Zd too large to fit in\n", pieces.data_size); goto try_again; } if (pieces.init_size > cfg->max_inst_size) { IWL_ERR(drv, "uCode init instr len %Zd too large to fit in\n", pieces.init_size); goto try_again; } if (pieces.init_data_size > cfg->max_data_size) { IWL_ERR(drv, "uCode init data len %Zd too large to fit in\n", pieces.init_data_size); goto try_again; } /* Allocate ucode buffers for card's bus-master loading ... */ /* Runtime instructions and 2 copies of data: * 1) unmodified from disk * 2) backup cache for save/restore during power-downs */ if (iwl_alloc_fw_desc(drv, &drv->fw.ucode_rt.code, pieces.inst, pieces.inst_size)) goto err_pci_alloc; if (iwl_alloc_fw_desc(drv, &drv->fw.ucode_rt.data, pieces.data, pieces.data_size)) goto err_pci_alloc; /* Initialization instructions and data */ if (pieces.init_size && pieces.init_data_size) { if (iwl_alloc_fw_desc(drv, &drv->fw.ucode_init.code, pieces.init, pieces.init_size)) goto err_pci_alloc; if (iwl_alloc_fw_desc(drv, &drv->fw.ucode_init.data, pieces.init_data, pieces.init_data_size)) goto err_pci_alloc; } /* WoWLAN instructions and data */ if (pieces.wowlan_inst_size && pieces.wowlan_data_size) { if (iwl_alloc_fw_desc(drv, &drv->fw.ucode_wowlan.code, pieces.wowlan_inst, pieces.wowlan_inst_size)) goto err_pci_alloc; if (iwl_alloc_fw_desc(drv, &drv->fw.ucode_wowlan.data, pieces.wowlan_data, pieces.wowlan_data_size)) goto err_pci_alloc; } /* Now that we can no longer fail, copy information */ /* * The (size - 16) / 12 formula is based on the information recorded * for each event, which is of mode 1 (including timestamp) for all * new microcodes that include this information. */ fw->init_evtlog_ptr = pieces.init_evtlog_ptr; if (pieces.init_evtlog_size) fw->init_evtlog_size = (pieces.init_evtlog_size - 16)/12; else fw->init_evtlog_size = cfg->base_params->max_event_log_size; fw->init_errlog_ptr = pieces.init_errlog_ptr; fw->inst_evtlog_ptr = pieces.inst_evtlog_ptr; if (pieces.inst_evtlog_size) fw->inst_evtlog_size = (pieces.inst_evtlog_size - 16)/12; else fw->inst_evtlog_size = cfg->base_params->max_event_log_size; fw->inst_errlog_ptr = pieces.inst_errlog_ptr; /* * figure out the offset of chain noise reset and gain commands * base on the size of standard phy calibration commands table size */ if (fw->ucode_capa.standard_phy_calibration_size > IWL_MAX_PHY_CALIBRATE_TBL_SIZE) fw->ucode_capa.standard_phy_calibration_size = IWL_MAX_STANDARD_PHY_CALIBRATE_TBL_SIZE; /* We have our copies now, allow OS release its copies */ release_firmware(ucode_raw); complete(&drv->request_firmware_complete); drv->op_mode = iwl_dvm_ops.start(drv->shrd->trans, &drv->fw); if (!drv->op_mode) goto out_unbind; return; try_again: /* try next, if any */ release_firmware(ucode_raw); if (iwl_request_firmware(drv, false)) goto out_unbind; return; err_pci_alloc: IWL_ERR(drv, "failed to allocate pci memory\n"); iwl_dealloc_ucode(drv); release_firmware(ucode_raw); out_unbind: complete(&drv->request_firmware_complete); device_release_driver(trans(drv)->dev); } int iwl_drv_start(struct iwl_shared *shrd, struct iwl_trans *trans, const struct iwl_cfg *cfg) { struct iwl_drv *drv; int ret; shrd->cfg = cfg; drv = kzalloc(sizeof(*drv), GFP_KERNEL); if (!drv) { dev_printk(KERN_ERR, trans->dev, "Couldn't allocate iwl_drv"); return -ENOMEM; } drv->shrd = shrd; shrd->drv = drv; init_completion(&drv->request_firmware_complete); ret = iwl_request_firmware(drv, true); if (ret) { dev_printk(KERN_ERR, trans->dev, "Couldn't request the fw"); kfree(drv); shrd->drv = NULL; } return ret; } void iwl_drv_stop(struct iwl_shared *shrd) { struct iwl_drv *drv = shrd->drv; wait_for_completion(&drv->request_firmware_complete); /* op_mode can be NULL if its start failed */ if (drv->op_mode) iwl_op_mode_stop(drv->op_mode); iwl_dealloc_ucode(drv); kfree(drv); shrd->drv = NULL; }