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2012-04-01cgroup: convert all non-memcg controllers to the new cftype interfaceTejun Heo
Convert debug, freezer, cpuset, cpu_cgroup, cpuacct, net_prio, blkio, net_cls and device controllers to use the new cftype based interface. Termination entry is added to cftype arrays and populate callbacks are replaced with cgroup_subsys->base_cftypes initializations. This is functionally identical transformation. There shouldn't be any visible behavior change. memcg is rather special and will be converted separately. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Paul Menage <paul@paulmenage.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
2012-02-02cgroup: remove cgroup_subsys argument from callbacksLi Zefan
The argument is not used at all, and it's not necessary, because a specific callback handler of course knows which subsys it belongs to. Now only ->pupulate() takes this argument, because the handlers of this callback always call cgroup_add_file()/cgroup_add_files(). So we reduce a few lines of code, though the shrinking of object size is minimal. 16 files changed, 113 insertions(+), 162 deletions(-) text data bss dec hex filename 5486240 656987 7039960 13183187 c928d3 vmlinux.o.orig 5486170 656987 7039960 13183117 c9288d vmlinux.o Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2011-12-12cgroup: introduce cgroup_taskset and use it in subsys->can_attach(), ↵Tejun Heo
cancel_attach() and attach() Currently, there's no way to pass multiple tasks to cgroup_subsys methods necessitating the need for separate per-process and per-task methods. This patch introduces cgroup_taskset which can be used to pass multiple tasks and their associated cgroups to cgroup_subsys methods. Three methods - can_attach(), cancel_attach() and attach() - are converted to use cgroup_taskset. This unifies passed parameters so that all methods have access to all information. Conversions in this patchset are identical and don't introduce any behavior change. -v2: documentation updated as per Paul Menage's suggestion. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com> Acked-by: Paul Menage <paul@paulmenage.org> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com> Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2011-07-20security,rcu: Convert call_rcu(whitelist_item_free) to kfree_rcu()Lai Jiangshan
The rcu callback whitelist_item_free() just calls a kfree(), so we use kfree_rcu() instead of the call_rcu(whitelist_item_free). Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
2011-06-20devcgroup_inode_permission: take "is it a device node" checks to inlined wrapperAl Viro
inode_permission() calls devcgroup_inode_permission() and almost all such calls are _not_ for device nodes; let's at least keep the common path straight... Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2011-05-26cgroups: add per-thread subsystem callbacksBen Blum
Add cgroup subsystem callbacks for per-thread attachment in atomic contexts Add can_attach_task(), pre_attach(), and attach_task() as new callbacks for cgroups's subsystem interface. Unlike can_attach and attach, these are for per-thread operations, to be called potentially many times when attaching an entire threadgroup. Also, the old "bool threadgroup" interface is removed, as replaced by this. All subsystems are modified for the new interface - of note is cpuset, which requires from/to nodemasks for attach to be globally scoped (though per-cpuset would work too) to persist from its pre_attach to attach_task and attach. This is a pre-patch for cgroup-procs-writable.patch. Signed-off-by: Ben Blum <bblum@andrew.cmu.edu> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-05-06Merge branch 'master' into nextJames Morris
2010-04-23security: whitespace coding style fixesJustin P. Mattock
Whitespace coding style fixes. Signed-off-by: Justin P. Mattock <justinmattock@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
2010-03-30include cleanup: Update gfp.h and slab.h includes to prepare for breaking ↵Tejun Heo
implicit slab.h inclusion from percpu.h percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies. percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is used as the basis of conversion. http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py The script does the followings. * Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used, gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h. * When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered - alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there doesn't seem to be any matching order. * If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the file. The conversion was done in the following steps. 1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400 files. 2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion, some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added inclusions to around 150 files. 3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits from #2 to make sure no file was left behind. 4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed. e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually. 5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as necessary. 6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h. 7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq). * x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config. * powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig * sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig * ia64 SMP allmodconfig * s390 SMP allmodconfig * alpha SMP allmodconfig * um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig 8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as a separate patch and serve as bisection point. Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step 6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch. If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of the specific arch. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
2009-09-24cgroups: let ss->can_attach and ss->attach do whole threadgroups at a timeBen Blum
Alter the ss->can_attach and ss->attach functions to be able to deal with a whole threadgroup at a time, for use in cgroup_attach_proc. (This is a pre-patch to cgroup-procs-writable.patch.) Currently, new mode of the attach function can only tell the subsystem about the old cgroup of the threadgroup leader. No subsystem currently needs that information for each thread that's being moved, but if one were to be added (for example, one that counts tasks within a group) this bit would need to be reworked a bit to tell the subsystem the right information. [hidave.darkstar@gmail.com: fix build] Signed-off-by: Ben Blum <bblum@google.com> Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Acked-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Reviewed-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Dave Young <hidave.darkstar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-06-18devcgroup: skip superfluous checks when found the DEV_ALL elemLi Zefan
While walking through the whitelist, if the DEV_ALL item is found, no more check is needed. Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-04-02devcgroup: avoid using cgroup_lockLi Zefan
There is nothing special that has to be protected by cgroup_lock, so introduce devcgroup_mtuex for it's own use. Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-01-08devices cgroup: allow mkfifoSerge E. Hallyn
The devcgroup_inode_permission() hook in the devices whitelist cgroup has always bypassed access checks on fifos. But the mknod hook did not. The devices whitelist is only about block and char devices, and fifos can't even be added to the whitelist, so fifos can't be created at all except by tasks which have 'a' in their whitelist (meaning they have access to all devices). Fix the behavior by bypassing access checks to mkfifo. Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Reported-by: Daniel Lezcano <dlezcano@fr.ibm.com> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.27.x] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-01-08devcgroup: use list_for_each_entry_rcu()Lai Jiangshan
We should use list_for_each_entry_rcu in RCU read site. Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-10-20devcgroup: remove spin_lock()Lai Jiangshan
Since we introduced rcu for read side, spin_lock is used only for update. But we always hold cgroup_lock() when update, so spin_lock() is not need. Additional cleanup: 1) include linux/rcupdate.h explicitly 2) remove unused variable cur_devcgroup in devcgroup_update_access() Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-10-20devcgroup: remove unused variableLi Zefan
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-10-20devcgroup: use kmemdup()Li Zefan
This saves 40 bytes on my x86_32 box. Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-09-02devcgroup: fix race against rmdir()Li Zefan
During the use of a dev_cgroup, we should guarantee the corresponding cgroup won't be deleted (i.e. via rmdir). This can be done through css_get(&dev_cgroup->css), but here we can just get and use the dev_cgroup under rcu_read_lock. And also remove checking NULL dev_cgroup, it won't be NULL since a task always belongs to a cgroup. Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-25devcgroup: code cleanupLi Zefan
- clean up set_majmin() - use simple_strtoul() to parse major/minor [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix simple_strtoul() usage] [kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com: fix warnings] Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-25devcgroup: relax white-list protection down to RCUPavel Emelyanov
Currently this list is protected with a simple spinlock, even for reading from one. This is OK, but can be better. Actually I want it to be better very much, since after replacing the OpenVZ device permissions engine with the cgroup-based one I noticed, that we set 12 default device permissions for each newly created container (for /dev/null, full, terminals, ect devices), and people sometimes have up to 20 perms more, so traversing the ~30-40 elements list under a spinlock doesn't seem very good. Here's the RCU protection for white-list - dev_whitelist_item-s are added and removed under the devcg->lock, but are looked up in permissions checking under the rcu_read_lock. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-25cgroup files: convert devcgroup_access_write() into a cgroup write_string() ↵Paul Menage
handler This patch converts devcgroup_access_write() from a raw file handler into a handler for the cgroup write_string() method. This allows some boilerplate copying/locking/checking to be removed and simplifies the cleanup path, since these functions are performed by the cgroups framework before calling the handler. Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-13devcgroup: fix permission check when adding entry to child cgroupLi Zefan
# cat devices.list c 1:3 r # echo 'c 1:3 w' > sub/devices.allow # cat sub/devices.list c 1:3 w As illustrated, the parent group has no write permission to /dev/null, so it's child should not be allowed to add this write permission. Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-13devcgroup: always show positive major/minor numLi Zefan
# echo "b $((0x7fffffff)):$((0x80000000)) rwm" > devices.allow # cat devices.list b 214748364:-21474836 rwm though a major/minor number of 0x800000000 is meaningless, we should not cast it to a negative value. Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-04devcgroup: fix odd behaviour when writing 'a' to devices.allowLi Zefan
# cat /devcg/devices.list a *:* rwm # echo a > devices.allow # cat /devcg/devices.list a *:* rwm a 0:0 rwm This is odd and maybe confusing. With this patch, writing 'a' to devices.allow will add 'a *:* rwm' to the whitelist. Also a few fixes and updates to the document. Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org> Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-06-06devscgroup: make white list more compact in some casesPavel Emelyanov
Consider you added a 'c foo:bar r' permission to some cgroup and then (a bit later) 'c'foo:bar w' for it. After this you'll see the c foo:bar r c foo:bar w lines in a devices.list file. Another example - consider you added 10 'c foo:bar r' permissions to some cgroup (e.g. by mistake). After this you'll see 10 c foo:bar r lines in a list file. This is weird. This situation also has one more annoying consequence. Having many items in a white list makes permissions checking slower, sine it has to walk a longer list. The proposal is to merge permissions for items, that correspond to the same device. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-06-06devscgroup: relax task to dev_cgroup conversionPavel Emelyanov
Two functions, that need to get a device_cgroup from a task (they are devcgroup_inode_permission and devcgroup_inode_mknod) make it in a strange way: They get a css_set from task, then a subsys_state from css_set, then a cgroup from the state and then a subsys_state again from the cgroup. Besides, the devices_subsys_id is read from memory, whilst there's a enum-ed constant for it. Optimize this part a bit: 1. Get the subsys_stats form the task and be done - no 2 extra dereferences, 2. Use the device_subsys_id constant, not the value from memory (i.e. one less dereference). Found while preparing 2.6.26 OpenVZ port. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org> Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-06-06devcgroup: make a helper to convert cgroup_subsys_state to devs_cgroupPavel Emelyanov
This is just picking the container_of out of cgroup_to_devcgroup into a separate function. This new css_to_devcgroup will be used in the 2nd patch. Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org> Cc: Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-29cgroups: introduce cft->read_seq()Serge E. Hallyn
Introduce a read_seq() helper in cftype, which uses seq_file to print out lists. Use it in the devices cgroup. Also split devices.allow into two files, so now devices.deny and devices.allow are the ones to use to manipulate the whitelist, while devices.list outputs the cgroup's current whitelist. Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Acked-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-04-29cgroups: implement device whitelistSerge E. Hallyn
Implement a cgroup to track and enforce open and mknod restrictions on device files. A device cgroup associates a device access whitelist with each cgroup. A whitelist entry has 4 fields. 'type' is a (all), c (char), or b (block). 'all' means it applies to all types and all major and minor numbers. Major and minor are either an integer or * for all. Access is a composition of r (read), w (write), and m (mknod). The root device cgroup starts with rwm to 'all'. A child devcg gets a copy of the parent. Admins can then remove devices from the whitelist or add new entries. A child cgroup can never receive a device access which is denied its parent. However when a device access is removed from a parent it will not also be removed from the child(ren). An entry is added using devices.allow, and removed using devices.deny. For instance echo 'c 1:3 mr' > /cgroups/1/devices.allow allows cgroup 1 to read and mknod the device usually known as /dev/null. Doing echo a > /cgroups/1/devices.deny will remove the default 'a *:* mrw' entry. CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed to change permissions or move another task to a new cgroup. A cgroup may not be granted more permissions than the cgroup's parent has. Any task can move itself between cgroups. This won't be sufficient, but we can decide the best way to adequately restrict movement later. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix may-be-used-uninitialized warning] Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Looks-good-to: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Daniel Hokka Zakrisson <daniel@hozac.com> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>