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2016-05-26Merge branch 'kbuild' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild Pull kbuild updates from Michal Marek: - new option CONFIG_TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS which does a two-pass build and unexports symbols which are not used in the current config [Nicolas Pitre] - several kbuild rule cleanups [Masahiro Yamada] - warning option adjustments for gcov etc [Arnd Bergmann] - a few more small fixes * 'kbuild' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild: (31 commits) kbuild: move -Wunused-const-variable to W=1 warning level kbuild: fix if_change and friends to consider argument order kbuild: fix adjust_autoksyms.sh for modules that need only one symbol kbuild: fix ksym_dep_filter when multiple EXPORT_SYMBOL() on the same line gcov: disable -Wmaybe-uninitialized warning gcov: disable tree-loop-im to reduce stack usage gcov: disable for COMPILE_TEST Kbuild: disable 'maybe-uninitialized' warning for CONFIG_PROFILE_ALL_BRANCHES Kbuild: change CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_SIZE definition kbuild: forbid kernel directory to contain spaces and colons kbuild: adjust ksym_dep_filter for some cmd_* renames kbuild: Fix dependencies for final vmlinux link kbuild: better abstract vmlinux sequential prerequisites kbuild: fix call to adjust_autoksyms.sh when output directory specified kbuild: Get rid of KBUILD_STR kbuild: rename cmd_as_s_S to cmd_cpp_s_S kbuild: rename cmd_cc_i_c to cmd_cpp_i_c kbuild: drop redundant "PHONY += FORCE" kbuild: delete unnecessary "@:" kbuild: mark help target as PHONY ...
2016-04-20kbuild: Get rid of KBUILD_STRMichal Marek
The compiler can accept -DKBUILD_MODNAME="foo", it's just a matter of quoting. That way, we reduce the gcc command line a bit. Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
2016-03-31dtc: turn off dtc unit address warnings by defaultRob Herring
The newly added dtc warning to check DT unit-address without reg property and vice-versa generates lots of warnings. Turn off the check unless building with W=1 or W=2. Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com> Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org
2016-03-22kernel: add kcov code coverageDmitry Vyukov
kcov provides code coverage collection for coverage-guided fuzzing (randomized testing). Coverage-guided fuzzing is a testing technique that uses coverage feedback to determine new interesting inputs to a system. A notable user-space example is AFL (http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/). However, this technique is not widely used for kernel testing due to missing compiler and kernel support. kcov does not aim to collect as much coverage as possible. It aims to collect more or less stable coverage that is function of syscall inputs. To achieve this goal it does not collect coverage in soft/hard interrupts and instrumentation of some inherently non-deterministic or non-interesting parts of kernel is disbled (e.g. scheduler, locking). Currently there is a single coverage collection mode (tracing), but the API anticipates additional collection modes. Initially I also implemented a second mode which exposes coverage in a fixed-size hash table of counters (what Quentin used in his original patch). I've dropped the second mode for simplicity. This patch adds the necessary support on kernel side. The complimentary compiler support was added in gcc revision 231296. We've used this support to build syzkaller system call fuzzer, which has found 90 kernel bugs in just 2 months: https://github.com/google/syzkaller/wiki/Found-Bugs We've also found 30+ bugs in our internal systems with syzkaller. Another (yet unexplored) direction where kcov coverage would greatly help is more traditional "blob mutation". For example, mounting a random blob as a filesystem, or receiving a random blob over wire. Why not gcov. Typical fuzzing loop looks as follows: (1) reset coverage, (2) execute a bit of code, (3) collect coverage, repeat. A typical coverage can be just a dozen of basic blocks (e.g. an invalid input). In such context gcov becomes prohibitively expensive as reset/collect coverage steps depend on total number of basic blocks/edges in program (in case of kernel it is about 2M). Cost of kcov depends only on number of executed basic blocks/edges. On top of that, kernel requires per-thread coverage because there are always background threads and unrelated processes that also produce coverage. With inlined gcov instrumentation per-thread coverage is not possible. kcov exposes kernel PCs and control flow to user-space which is insecure. But debugfs should not be mapped as user accessible. Based on a patch by Quentin Casasnovas. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: make task_struct.kcov_mode have type `enum kcov_mode'] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: unbreak allmodconfig] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: follow x86 Makefile layout standards] Signed-off-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: syzkaller <syzkaller@googlegroups.com> Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Tavis Ormandy <taviso@google.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Quentin Casasnovas <quentin.casasnovas@oracle.com> Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@google.com> Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-02-23kbuild: Allow using host dtc instead of kernel's copyRob Herring
Development of dtc happens in its own upstream repository, but testing dtc changes against the kernel tree is useful. Change dtc to a variable that users can override. Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com> Cc: linux-kbuild@vger.kernel.org
2016-01-20UBSAN: run-time undefined behavior sanity checkerAndrey Ryabinin
UBSAN uses compile-time instrumentation to catch undefined behavior (UB). Compiler inserts code that perform certain kinds of checks before operations that could cause UB. If check fails (i.e. UB detected) __ubsan_handle_* function called to print error message. So the most of the work is done by compiler. This patch just implements ubsan handlers printing errors. GCC has this capability since 4.9.x [1] (see -fsanitize=undefined option and its suboptions). However GCC 5.x has more checkers implemented [2]. Article [3] has a bit more details about UBSAN in the GCC. [1] - https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.9.0/gcc/Debugging-Options.html [2] - https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Debugging-Options.html [3] - http://developerblog.redhat.com/2014/10/16/gcc-undefined-behavior-sanitizer-ubsan/ Issues which UBSAN has found thus far are: Found bugs: * out-of-bounds access - 97840cb67ff5 ("netfilter: nfnetlink: fix insufficient validation in nfnetlink_bind") undefined shifts: * d48458d4a768 ("jbd2: use a better hash function for the revoke table") * 10632008b9e1 ("clockevents: Prevent shift out of bounds") * 'x << -1' shift in ext4 - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<5444EF21.8020501@samsung.com> * undefined rol32(0) - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<1449198241-20654-1-git-send-email-sasha.levin@oracle.com> * undefined dirty_ratelimit calculation - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<566594E2.3050306@odin.com> * undefined roundown_pow_of_two(0) - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<1449156616-11474-1-git-send-email-sasha.levin@oracle.com> * [WONTFIX] undefined shift in __bpf_prog_run - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<CACT4Y+ZxoR3UjLgcNdUm4fECLMx2VdtfrENMtRRCdgHB2n0bJA@mail.gmail.com> WONTFIX here because it should be fixed in bpf program, not in kernel. signed overflows: * 32a8df4e0b33f ("sched: Fix odd values in effective_load() calculations") * mul overflow in ntp - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<1449175608-1146-1-git-send-email-sasha.levin@oracle.com> * incorrect conversion into rtc_time in rtc_time64_to_tm() - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<1449187944-11730-1-git-send-email-sasha.levin@oracle.com> * unvalidated timespec in io_getevents() - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<CACT4Y+bBxVYLQ6LtOKrKtnLthqLHcw-BMp3aqP3mjdAvr9FULQ@mail.gmail.com> * [NOTABUG] signed overflow in ktime_add_safe() - http://lkml.kernel.org/r/<CACT4Y+aJ4muRnWxsUe1CMnA6P8nooO33kwG-c8YZg=0Xc8rJqw@mail.gmail.com> [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix unused local warning] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix __int128 build woes] Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Yury Gribov <y.gribov@samsung.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-01-20Merge branch 'kbuild' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild Pull kbuild updates from Michal Marek: - Make <modname>-m in makefiles work like <modname>-y and fix the fallout - Minor genksyms fix - Fix race with make -j install modules_install - Move -Wsign-compare from make W=1 to W=2 - Other minor fixes * 'kbuild' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild: kbuild: Demote 'sign-compare' warning to W=2 Makefile: revert "Makefile: Document ability to make file.lst and file.S" partially kbuild: Do not run modules_install and install in paralel genksyms: Handle string literals with spaces in reference files fixdep: constify strrcmp arguments ath10k: Fix build with CONFIG_THERMAL=m Revert "drm: Hack around CONFIG_AGP=m build failures" kbuild: Allow to specify composite modules with modname-m staging/ad7606: Actually build the interface modules
2015-12-18kbuild: add AFLAGS_REMOVE_(basename).o optionHeiko Carstens
It is already possible to remove CFLAGS with the CFLAGS_REMOVE option that was introduced with commit 656ee82cc855 ("kbuild: create new CFLAGS_REMOVE_(basename).o option"). However it is not possible to remove AFLAGS for assembler files. So this patch just adds the AFLAGS_REMOVE option which works the same like CFLAGS_REMOVE. Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Acked-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
2015-11-25kbuild: Allow to specify composite modules with modname-mMichal Marek
This allows to write drm-$(CONFIG_AGP) += drm_agpsupport.o without having to handle CONFIG_AGP=y vs. CONFIG_AGP=m. Only support this syntax for modules, since built-in code depending on something modular cannot work and init/Makefile actually relies on the current semantics. There are a few drivers which adapted to the current semantics out of necessity; these are fixed to also work when the respective subsystem is modular. Acked-by: Peter Chen <peter.chen@freescale.com> [chipidea] Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
2015-04-03kbuild: Create directory for target DTBNathan Rossi
When building specific DTBs out of the kernel tree the vendor subdirs (boot/dts/<vendor>) are not created, ensure that they are before building the DTB. Signed-off-by: Nathan Rossi <nathan.rossi@xilinx.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Simek <michal.simek@xilinx.com> Acked-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net>
2015-02-13kasan: add kernel address sanitizer infrastructureAndrey Ryabinin
Kernel Address sanitizer (KASan) is a dynamic memory error detector. It provides fast and comprehensive solution for finding use-after-free and out-of-bounds bugs. KASAN uses compile-time instrumentation for checking every memory access, therefore GCC > v4.9.2 required. v4.9.2 almost works, but has issues with putting symbol aliases into the wrong section, which breaks kasan instrumentation of globals. This patch only adds infrastructure for kernel address sanitizer. It's not available for use yet. The idea and some code was borrowed from [1]. Basic idea: The main idea of KASAN is to use shadow memory to record whether each byte of memory is safe to access or not, and use compiler's instrumentation to check the shadow memory on each memory access. Address sanitizer uses 1/8 of the memory addressable in kernel for shadow memory and uses direct mapping with a scale and offset to translate a memory address to its corresponding shadow address. Here is function to translate address to corresponding shadow address: unsigned long kasan_mem_to_shadow(unsigned long addr) { return (addr >> KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT) + KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET; } where KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT = 3. So for every 8 bytes there is one corresponding byte of shadow memory. The following encoding used for each shadow byte: 0 means that all 8 bytes of the corresponding memory region are valid for access; k (1 <= k <= 7) means that the first k bytes are valid for access, and other (8 - k) bytes are not; Any negative value indicates that the entire 8-bytes are inaccessible. Different negative values used to distinguish between different kinds of inaccessible memory (redzones, freed memory) (see mm/kasan/kasan.h). To be able to detect accesses to bad memory we need a special compiler. Such compiler inserts a specific function calls (__asan_load*(addr), __asan_store*(addr)) before each memory access of size 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16. These functions check whether memory region is valid to access or not by checking corresponding shadow memory. If access is not valid an error printed. Historical background of the address sanitizer from Dmitry Vyukov: "We've developed the set of tools, AddressSanitizer (Asan), ThreadSanitizer and MemorySanitizer, for user space. We actively use them for testing inside of Google (continuous testing, fuzzing, running prod services). To date the tools have found more than 10'000 scary bugs in Chromium, Google internal codebase and various open-source projects (Firefox, OpenSSL, gcc, clang, ffmpeg, MySQL and lots of others): [2] [3] [4]. The tools are part of both gcc and clang compilers. We have not yet done massive testing under the Kernel AddressSanitizer (it's kind of chicken and egg problem, you need it to be upstream to start applying it extensively). To date it has found about 50 bugs. Bugs that we've found in upstream kernel are listed in [5]. We've also found ~20 bugs in out internal version of the kernel. Also people from Samsung and Oracle have found some. [...] As others noted, the main feature of AddressSanitizer is its performance due to inline compiler instrumentation and simple linear shadow memory. User-space Asan has ~2x slowdown on computational programs and ~2x memory consumption increase. Taking into account that kernel usually consumes only small fraction of CPU and memory when running real user-space programs, I would expect that kernel Asan will have ~10-30% slowdown and similar memory consumption increase (when we finish all tuning). I agree that Asan can well replace kmemcheck. We have plans to start working on Kernel MemorySanitizer that finds uses of unitialized memory. Asan+Msan will provide feature-parity with kmemcheck. As others noted, Asan will unlikely replace debug slab and pagealloc that can be enabled at runtime. Asan uses compiler instrumentation, so even if it is disabled, it still incurs visible overheads. Asan technology is easily portable to other architectures. Compiler instrumentation is fully portable. Runtime has some arch-dependent parts like shadow mapping and atomic operation interception. They are relatively easy to port." Comparison with other debugging features: ======================================== KMEMCHECK: - KASan can do almost everything that kmemcheck can. KASan uses compile-time instrumentation, which makes it significantly faster than kmemcheck. The only advantage of kmemcheck over KASan is detection of uninitialized memory reads. Some brief performance testing showed that kasan could be x500-x600 times faster than kmemcheck: $ netperf -l 30 MIGRATED TCP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to localhost (127.0.0.1) port 0 AF_INET Recv Send Send Socket Socket Message Elapsed Size Size Size Time Throughput bytes bytes bytes secs. 10^6bits/sec no debug: 87380 16384 16384 30.00 41624.72 kasan inline: 87380 16384 16384 30.00 12870.54 kasan outline: 87380 16384 16384 30.00 10586.39 kmemcheck: 87380 16384 16384 30.03 20.23 - Also kmemcheck couldn't work on several CPUs. It always sets number of CPUs to 1. KASan doesn't have such limitation. DEBUG_PAGEALLOC: - KASan is slower than DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, but KASan works on sub-page granularity level, so it able to find more bugs. SLUB_DEBUG (poisoning, redzones): - SLUB_DEBUG has lower overhead than KASan. - SLUB_DEBUG in most cases are not able to detect bad reads, KASan able to detect both reads and writes. - In some cases (e.g. redzone overwritten) SLUB_DEBUG detect bugs only on allocation/freeing of object. KASan catch bugs right before it will happen, so we always know exact place of first bad read/write. [1] https://code.google.com/p/address-sanitizer/wiki/AddressSanitizerForKernel [2] https://code.google.com/p/address-sanitizer/wiki/FoundBugs [3] https://code.google.com/p/thread-sanitizer/wiki/FoundBugs [4] https://code.google.com/p/memory-sanitizer/wiki/FoundBugs [5] https://code.google.com/p/address-sanitizer/wiki/AddressSanitizerForKernel#Trophies Based on work by Andrey Konovalov. Signed-off-by: Andrey Ryabinin <a.ryabinin@samsung.com> Acked-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrey Konovalov <adech.fo@gmail.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Konstantin Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Dmitry Chernenkov <dmitryc@google.com> Cc: Yuri Gribov <tetra2005@gmail.com> Cc: Konstantin Khlebnikov <koct9i@gmail.com> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-10-21dts, kbuild: Factor out dtbs install rules to Makefile.dtbinstRobert Richter
Move dtbs install rules to Makefile.dtbinst. This change is needed to implement support for dts vendor subdirs. The change makes Makefiles easier and smaller as no longer the dtbs_install rule needs to be defined. Another advantage is that install goals are not encoded in targets anymore (%.dtb_dtbinst_). Signed-off-by: Robert Richter <rrichter@cavium.com>
2014-08-19kbuild: handle multi-objs dependency appropriatelyMasahiro Yamada
The comment in scripts/Makefile.build says as follows: We would rather have a list of rules like foo.o: $(foo-objs) but that's not so easy, so we rather make all composite objects depend on the set of all their parts This commit makes it possible! For example, assume a Makefile like this obj-m = foo.o bar.o foo-objs := foo1.o foo2.o bar-objs := bar1.o bar2.o Without this patch, foo.o depends on all of foo1.o foo2.o bar1.o bar2.o. It looks funny that foo.o is regenerated when bar1.c is updated. Now we can handle the dependency of foo.o and bar.o separately. Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.m@jp.panasonic.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2014-04-30kbuild: trivial - remove trailing spacesMasahiro Yamada
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.m@jp.panasonic.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2014-04-07Merge branch 'kbuild' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild Pull kbuild changes from Michal Marek: - cleanups in the main Makefiles and Documentation/DocBook/Makefile - make O=... directory is automatically created if needed - mrproper/distclean removes the old include/linux/version.h to make life easier when bisecting across the commit that moved the version.h file * 'kbuild' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild: kbuild: docbook: fix the include error when executing "make help" kbuild: create a build directory automatically for out-of-tree build kbuild: remove redundant '.*.cmd' pattern from make distclean kbuild: move "quote" to Kbuild.include to be consistent kbuild: docbook: use $(obj) and $(src) rather than specific path kbuild: unconditionally clobber include/linux/version.h on distclean kbuild: docbook: specify KERNELDOC dependency correctly kbuild: docbook: include cmd files more simply kbuild: specify build_docproc as a phony target
2014-03-29kbuild: move "quote" to Kbuild.include to be consistentMasahiro Yamada
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.m@jp.panasonic.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2014-03-04Merge tag 'v3.14-rc5' into HEADGrant Likely
Linux 3.14-rc5
2014-02-20kbuild: dtbs_install: new make targetJason Cooper
Unlike other build products in the Linux kernel, there is no 'make *install' mechanism to put devicetree blobs in a standard place. This commit adds a new 'dtbs_install' make target which copies all of the dtbs into the INSTALL_DTBS_PATH directory. INSTALL_DTBS_PATH can be set before calling make to change the default install directory. If not set then it defaults to: $INSTALL_PATH/dtbs/$KERNELRELEASE. This is done to keep dtbs from different kernel versions separate until things have settled down. Once the dtbs are stable, and not so strongly linked to the kernel version, the devicetree files will most likely move to their own repo. Users will need to upgrade install scripts at that time. v7: (reworked by Grant Likely) - Moved rules from arch/arm/Makefile to arch/arm/boot/dts/Makefile so that each dtb install could have a separate target and be reported as part of the make output. - Fixed dependency problem to ensure $KERNELRELEASE is calculated before attempting to install - Removed option to call external script. Copying the files should be sufficient and a build system can post-process the install directory. Despite the fact an external script is used for installing the kernel, I don't think that is a pattern that should be encouraged. I would rather see buildroot type tools post process the install directory to rename or move dtb files after installing to a staging directory. - Plus it is easy to add a hook after the fact without blocking the rest of this feature. - Move the helper targets into scripts/Makefile.lib with the rest of the common dtb rules Signed-off-by: Jason Cooper <jason@lakedaemon.net> Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.org> Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz> Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Rob Herring <robh+dt@kernel.org>
2014-02-20of: Move testcase FDT data into drivers/ofGrant Likely
The testcase data is usable by any platform. This patch moves it into the drivers/of directory so it can be included by any architecture. Using the test cases requires manually adding #include <testcases.dtsi> to the end of the boards .dtsi file and enabling CONFIG_OF_SELFTEST. Not pretty though. A useful project would be to make the testcase code easier to execute. Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.org>
2013-07-10Merge branch 'kbuild' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild Pull kbuild updates from Michal Marek: - fix for make headers_install argv explosion with too long path - scripts/setlocalversion does not call git update-index needlessly - fix for the src.rpm produced by make rpm-pkg. The new make image_name can be useful also for other packaging tools. - scripts/mod/devicetable-offsets.o is not rebuilt during each make run - make modules_install dependency fix - scripts/sortextable portability fix - fix for kbuild to generate the output directory for all object files in subdirs. - a couple of minor fixes * 'kbuild' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild: kbuild: create directory for dir/file.o tools/include: use stdint types for user-space byteshift headers Makefile: Fix install error with make -j option Fix a build warning in scripts/mod/file2alias.c improve modalias building scripts/mod: Spelling s/DEVICEVTABLE/DEVICETABLE/ kbuild: fix error when building from src rpm scripts/setlocalversion on write-protected source tree Makefile.lib: align DTB quiet_cmd kbuild: fix make headers_install when path is too long
2013-07-09lib: add support for LZ4-compressed kernelKyungsik Lee
Add support for extracting LZ4-compressed kernel images, as well as LZ4-compressed ramdisk images in the kernel boot process. Signed-off-by: Kyungsik Lee <kyungsik.lee@lge.com> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de> Cc: Florian Fainelli <florian@openwrt.org> Cc: Yann Collet <yann.collet.73@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-07-03kbuild: create directory for dir/file.o张忠山
When add a obj with dir to obj-y, like this obj-y += dir/file.o The $(obj)/dir not created, this patch fix this. When try to add a file(which in a subdir) to my board's obj-y, the build progress crashed. For example, I use at91rm9200ek board, and in kernel dir run: mkdir objtree make O=objtree at91rm9200_defconfig mkdir arch/arm/mach-at91/dir touch arch/arm/mach-at91/dir/file.c and edit arch/arm/mach-at91/dir/file.c to add some code. then edit arch/arm/mach-at91/Makefile, change the following line: obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_AT91RM9200EK) += board-rm9200ek.o to: obj-$(CONFIG_MACH_AT91RM9200EK) += board-rm9200ek.o dir/file.o Now build it: make O=objtree Then the error appears: ... CC arch/arm/mach-at91/board-rm9200dk.o CC arch/arm/mach-at91/board-rm9200ek.o CC arch/arm/mach-at91/dir/file.o linux-2.6/arch/arm/mach-at91/dir/file.c:5: fatal error: opening dependency file arch/arm/mach-at91/dir/.file.o.d: No such file or directory Check the objtree: LANG=en ls objtree/arch/arm/mach-at91/dir ls: cannot access objtree/arch/arm/mach-at91/dir: No such file or directory It's apparently that the target dir not created for file.o Check kbuild source code. It seems that kbuild create dirs for that in $(obj-dirs). But if the dir need not to create a built-in.o, It should never in $(obj-dirs). So I make this patch to make sure It in $(obj-dirs) this bug caused by commit f5fb976520a53f45f8bbf2e851f16b3b5558d485 Signed-off-by: 张忠山 <zzs0213@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2013-06-13kbuild: make sure we clean up DTB temporary filesIan Campbell
Various temporary files used when building DTB files were not suffixed with .tmp and therefore were not cleaned up by "make clean". Signed-off-by: Ian Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com> Reviewed-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Tested-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@linaro.org>
2013-06-13Makefile.lib: align DTB quiet_cmdJames Hogan
The unaligned dtb.S filename in make output started to irritate me: DTC arch/metag/boot/dts/skeleton.dtb DTB arch/metag/boot/dts/skeleton.dtb.S AS arch/metag/boot/dts/skeleton.dtb.o LD arch/metag/boot/dts/built-in.o Add an extra space to quiet_cmd_dt_S_dtb so the dtb.S filename aligns with all the others. Signed-off-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com> Cc: Dirk Brandewie <dirk.brandewie@gmail.com> Cc: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca> Cc: trivial@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2013-05-23kbuild: Don't assume dts files live in arch/*/boot/dtsMatthijs Kooijman
In commit b40b25ff (kbuild: always run gcc -E on *.dts, remove cmd_dtc_cpp), dts building was changed to always use the C preprocessor. This meant that the .dts file passed to dtc is not the original, but the preprocessed one. When compiling with a separate build directory (i.e., with O=), this preprocessed file will not live in the same directory as the original. When the .dts file includes .dtsi files, dtc will look for them in the build directory, not in the source directory and compilation will fail. The commit referenced above tried to fix this by passing arch/*/boot/dts as an include path to dtc. However, for mips, the .dts files are not in this directory, so dts compilation on mips breaks for some targets. Instead of hardcoding this particular include path, this commit just uses the directory of the .dts file that is being compiled, which effectively restores the previous behaviour wrt includes. For most .dts files, this path is just the same as the previous hardcoded arch/*/boot/dts path. This was tested on a mips (rt3052) and an arm (bcm2835) target. Signed-off-by: Matthijs Kooijman <matthijs@stdin.nl> Reviewed-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2013-05-05Merge tag 'modules-next-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux Pull mudule updates from Rusty Russell: "We get rid of the general module prefix confusion with a binary config option, fix a remove/insert race which Never Happens, and (my favorite) handle the case when we have too many modules for a single commandline. Seriously, the kernel is full, please go away!" * tag 'modules-next-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rusty/linux: modpost: fix unwanted VMLINUX_SYMBOL_STR expansion X.509: Support parse long form of length octets in Authority Key Identifier module: don't unlink the module until we've removed all exposure. kernel: kallsyms: memory override issue, need check destination buffer length MODSIGN: do not send garbage to stderr when enabling modules signature modpost: handle huge numbers of modules. modpost: add -T option to read module names from file/stdin. modpost: minor cleanup. genksyms: pass symbol-prefix instead of arch module: fix symbol versioning with symbol prefixes CONFIG_SYMBOL_PREFIX: cleanup.
2013-04-05kbuild: always run gcc -E on *.dts, remove cmd_dtc_cppStephen Warren
Replace cmd_dtc with cmd_dtc_cpp, and delete the latter. Previously, a special file extension (.dtsp) was required to trigger the C pre-processor to run on device tree files. This was ugly. Now that previous changes have enhanced cmd_dtc_cpp to collect dependency information from both gcc -E and dtc, we can transparently run the pre- processor on all device tree files, irrespective of whether they use /include/ or #include syntax to include *.dtsi. Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Acked-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
2013-04-05kbuild: cmd_dtc_cpp: extract deps from both gcc -E and dtcStephen Warren
Prior to this change, when compiling *.dts to *.dtb, the dependency output from dtc would be used, and when compiling *.dtsp to *.dtb, the dependency output from gcc -E alone would be used, despite dtc also being invoked (on a temporary file that was guaranteed to have no dependencies). With this change, when compiling *.dtsp to *.dtb, the dependency files from both gcc -E and dtc are used. This will allow cmd_dtc_cpp to replace cmd_dtc in a future change. In turn, that will allow the C pre- processor to be run transparently on *.dts, without the need to a separate rule or file extension to trigger it. Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Acked-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
2013-04-05kbuild: create an "include chroot" for DT bindingsStephen Warren
The recent dtc+cpp support allows header files and C pre-processor defines/macros to be used when compiling device tree files. These headers will typically define various constants that are part of the device tree bindings. The original patch which set up the dtc+cpp include path only considered using those headers from device tree files. However, most are also useful for kernel code which needs to interpret the device tree. In both the DT files and the kernel, I'd like to include the DT-related headers in the same way, for example, <dt-bindings/gpio/tegra-gpio.h>. That will simplify any text which discusses the DT header locations. Creating a <dt-bindings/> for kernel source to use is as simple as placing files into include/dt-bindings/. However, when compiling DT files, the include path should be restricted so that only the dt-bindings path is available; arbitrary kernel headers shouldn't be exposed. For this reason, create a specific include directory for use by dtc+cpp, and symlink dt-bindings from there to the actual location of include/dt-bindings/. For want of a better location, place this "include chroot" into the existing dts/ directory. arch/*/boot/dts/include/dt-bindings -> ../../../../../include/dt-bindings Some headers used by device tree files may not be useful to the kernel; they may be used simply to aid in constructing the DT file (e.g. macros to create a node), but not define any information that the kernel needs to share. These may be placed directly into arch/*/boot/dts/ along with the DT files themselves. Acked-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz> Acked-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org> Acked-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com> Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com>
2013-03-15CONFIG_SYMBOL_PREFIX: cleanup.Rusty Russell
We have CONFIG_SYMBOL_PREFIX, which three archs define to the string "_". But Al Viro broke this in "consolidate cond_syscall and SYSCALL_ALIAS declarations" (in linux-next), and he's not the first to do so. Using CONFIG_SYMBOL_PREFIX is awkward, since we usually just want to prefix it so something. So various places define helpers which are defined to nothing if CONFIG_SYMBOL_PREFIX isn't set: 1) include/asm-generic/unistd.h defines __SYMBOL_PREFIX. 2) include/asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h defines VMLINUX_SYMBOL(sym) 3) include/linux/export.h defines MODULE_SYMBOL_PREFIX. 4) include/linux/kernel.h defines SYMBOL_PREFIX (which differs from #7) 5) kernel/modsign_certificate.S defines ASM_SYMBOL(sym) 6) scripts/modpost.c defines MODULE_SYMBOL_PREFIX 7) scripts/Makefile.lib defines SYMBOL_PREFIX on the commandline if CONFIG_SYMBOL_PREFIX is set, so that we have a non-string version for pasting. (arch/h8300/include/asm/linkage.h defines SYMBOL_NAME(), too). Let's solve this properly: 1) No more generic prefix, just CONFIG_HAVE_UNDERSCORE_SYMBOL_PREFIX. 2) Make linux/export.h usable from asm. 3) Define VMLINUX_SYMBOL() and VMLINUX_SYMBOL_STR(). 4) Make everyone use them. Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Reviewed-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com> Tested-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com> (metag)
2013-02-13kbuild: limit dtc+cpp include pathStephen Warren
Device tree source files may now include header files. The intent is that those header files define/name constants used as part of the DT bindings. Currently this feature is open to abuse, since any kernel header file at all can be included, This could allow device tree files to become dependant on kernel headers files, and thus make them no longer OS-independent. This would also prevent separating the device tree source files from the kernel repository. Solve this by limiting the cpp include path for device tree files to separate directories. Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
2013-02-08kbuild: create a rule to run the pre-processor on *.dts filesStephen Warren
Create cmd_dtc_cpp to run the C pre-processor on *.dts file before passing them to dtc for final compilation. This allows the use of #define and #include within the .dts file. Acked-by: Simon Glass <sjg@chromium.org> Acked-by: Jean-Christophe PLAGNIOL-VILLARD <plagnioj@jcrosoft.com> Acked-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz> Acked-by: Srinivas Kandagatla <srinivas.kandagatla@st.com> Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
2012-11-30kbuild: centralize .dts->.dtb ruleStephen Warren
All architectures that use cmd_dtc do so in almost the same way. Create a central build rule to avoid duplication. The one difference is that most current uses of dtc build $(obj)/%.dtb from $(src)/dts/%.dts rather than building the .dtb in the same directory as the .dts file. This difference will be eliminated arch-by-arch in future patches. MIPS is the exception here; it already uses the exact same rule as the new common rule, so the duplicate is removed in this patch to avoid any conflict. arch/mips changes courtesy of Ralf Baechle. Update Documentation/kbuild to remove the explicit call to cmd_dtc from the example, now that the rule exists in a centralized location. Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org Cc: Olof Johansson <olof@lixom.net> Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se> Cc: linux@lists.openrisc.net Cc: Aurelien Jacquiot <a-jacquiot@ti.com> Cc: linux-c6x-dev@linux-c6x.org Cc: Mark Salter <msalter@redhat.com> Cc: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> Cc: microblaze-uclinux@itee.uq.edu.au Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net> Cc: linux-xtensa@linux-xtensa.org Cc: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <rob.herring@calxeda.com>
2012-03-26Kbuild: centralize MKIMAGE and cmd_uimage definitionsStephen Warren
All ARCHs have the same definition of MKIMAGE. Move it to Makefile.lib to avoid duplication. All ARCHs have similar definitions of cmd_uimage. Place a sufficiently parameterized version in Makefile.lib to avoid duplication. Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@wwwdotorg.org> Acked-by: Nicolas Pitre <nico@linaro.org> Tested-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org> [Blackfin] Tested-by: Michal Simek <monstr@monstr.eu> [Microblaze] Tested-by: Guan Xuetao <gxt@mprc.pku.edu.cn> [unicore32] Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2012-01-15Kbuild: Use dtc's -d (dependency) optionStephen Warren
This hooks dtc into Kbuild's dependency system. Thus, for example, "make dtbs" will rebuild tegra-harmony.dtb if only tegra20.dtsi has changed yet tegra-harmony.dts has not. The previous lack of this feature recently caused me to have very confusing "git bisect" results. For ARM, it's obvious what to add to $(targets). I'm not familiar enough with other architectures to know what to add there. Powerpc appears to already add various .dtb files into $(targets), but the other archs may need something added to $(targets) to work. Signed-off-by: Stephen Warren <swarren@nvidia.com> Acked-by: Shawn Guo <shawn.guo@linaro.org> [mmarek: Dropped arch/c6x part to avoid merging commits from the middle of the merge window] Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2012-01-08kbuild: Fix comment in Makefile.libMichal Marek
KBUILD_MODNAME is not defined for files that are linked into multiple modules, and trying to change reality to match documentation would result in all sorts of trouble. E.g. options for built-in modules would be called either foo_bar.param, foo.param, or bar.param, depending on the configuration. So just change the comment. Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2011-08-31kbuild: prevent make from deleting _shipped filesPeter Foley
commit 7373f4f (kbuild: add implicit rules for parser generation) created a implicit rule chain (%.c: %.c_shipped: %.y). Make considers the _shipped files to be intermediate files which causes them to be deleted if they didn't exist before make was run. Mark the _shipped files PRECIOUS to prevent make from deleting them. Signed-off-by: Peter Foley <pefoley2@verizon.net> Acked-by: Arnaud Lacombe <lacombar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2011-06-09kbuild: simplify the %_shipped ruleArnaud Lacombe
This is needed to have make(1) correctly link the implicit rules which generate the _shipped file from the lexer/parser to the final file. Signed-off-by: Arnaud Lacombe <lacombar@gmail.com>
2011-06-09kbuild: add implicit rules for parser generationArnaud Lacombe
Cc: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au> Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Arnaud Lacombe <lacombar@gmail.com>
2011-04-18kbuild: Call gzip with -nMichal Marek
The timestamps recorded in the .gz files add no value. Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2011-01-13decompressors: add XZ decompressor moduleLasse Collin
In userspace, the .lzma format has become mostly a legacy file format that got superseded by the .xz format. Similarly, LZMA Utils was superseded by XZ Utils. These patches add support for XZ decompression into the kernel. Most of the code is as is from XZ Embedded <http://tukaani.org/xz/embedded.html>. It was written for the Linux kernel but is usable in other projects too. Advantages of XZ over the current LZMA code in the kernel: - Nice API that can be used by other kernel modules; it's not limited to kernel, initramfs, and initrd decompression. - Integrity check support (CRC32) - BCJ filters improve compression of executable code on certain architectures. These together with LZMA2 can produce a few percent smaller kernel or Squashfs images than plain LZMA without making the decompression slower. This patch: Add the main decompression code (xz_dec), testing module (xz_dec_test), wrapper script (xz_wrap.sh) for the xz command line tool, and documentation. The xz_dec module is enough to have a usable XZ decompressor e.g. for Squashfs. Signed-off-by: Lasse Collin <lasse.collin@tukaani.org> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Alain Knaff <alain@knaff.lu> Cc: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com> Cc: Phillip Lougher <phillip@lougher.demon.co.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-12-23of: Add support for linking device tree blobs into vmlinuxDirk Brandewie
This patch adds support for linking device tree blob(s) into vmlinux. Modifies asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h to add linking .dtb sections into vmlinux. To maintain compatiblity with the of/fdt driver code platforms MUST copy the blob to a non-init memory location before the kernel frees the .init.* sections in the image. Modifies scripts/Makefile.lib to add a kbuild command to compile DTS files to device tree blobs and a rule to create objects to wrap the blobs for linking. STRUCT_ALIGNMENT is defined in vmlinux.lds.h for use in the rule to create wrapper objects for the dtb in Makefile.lib. The STRUCT_ALIGN() macro in vmlinux.lds.h is modified to use the STRUCT_ALIGNMENT definition. The DTB's are placed on 32 byte boundries to allow parsing the blob with driver/of/fdt.c during early boot without having to copy the blob to get the structure alignment GCC expects. A DTB is linked in by adding the DTB object to the list of objects to be linked into vmlinux in the archtecture specific Makefile using obj-y += foo.dtb.o Signed-off-by: Dirk Brandewie <dirk.brandewie@gmail.com> Acked-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz> [grant.likely@secretlab.ca: cleaned up whitespace inconsistencies] Signed-off-by: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
2010-10-28Merge branch 'kbuild' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild-2.6 * 'kbuild' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mmarek/kbuild-2.6: initramfs: Fix build break on symbol-prefixed archs initramfs: fix initramfs size calculation initramfs: generalize initramfs_data.xxx.S variants scripts/kallsyms: Enable error messages while hush up unnecessary warnings scripts/setlocalversion: update comment kbuild: Use a single clean rule for kernel and external modules kbuild: Do not run make clean in $(srctree) scripts/mod/modpost.c: fix commentary accordingly to last changes kbuild: Really don't clean bounds.h and asm-offsets.h
2010-10-28initramfs: Fix build break on symbol-prefixed archsMike Frysinger
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier.adi@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2010-09-22jump label: Convert dynamic debug to use jump labelsJason Baron
Convert the 'dynamic debug' infrastructure to use jump labels. Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> LKML-Reference: <b77627358cea3e27d7be4386f45f66219afb8452.1284733808.git.jbaron@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
2010-06-01Merge branch 'for-35' of git://repo.or.cz/linux-kbuildLinus Torvalds
* 'for-35' of git://repo.or.cz/linux-kbuild: (81 commits) kbuild: Revert part of e8d400a to resolve a conflict kbuild: Fix checking of scm-identifier variable gconfig: add support to show hidden options that have prompts menuconfig: add support to show hidden options which have prompts gconfig: remove show_debug option gconfig: remove dbg_print_ptype() and dbg_print_stype() kconfig: fix zconfdump() kconfig: some small fixes add random binaries to .gitignore kbuild: Include gen_initramfs_list.sh and the file list in the .d file kconfig: recalc symbol value before showing search results .gitignore: ignore *.lzo files headerdep: perlcritic warning scripts/Makefile.lib: Align the output of LZO kbuild: Generate modules.builtin in make modules_install Revert "kbuild: specify absolute paths for cscope" kbuild: Do not unnecessarily regenerate modules.builtin headers_install: use local file handles headers_check: fix perl warnings export_report: fix perl warnings ...
2010-04-06x86: Add optimized popcnt variantsBorislav Petkov
Add support for the hardware version of the Hamming weight function, popcnt, present in CPUs which advertize it under CPUID, Function 0x0000_0001_ECX[23]. On CPUs which don't support it, we fallback to the default lib/hweight.c sw versions. A synthetic benchmark comparing popcnt with __sw_hweight64 showed almost a 3x speedup on a F10h machine. Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com> LKML-Reference: <20100318112015.GC11152@aftab> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
2010-03-11scripts/Makefile.lib: Align the output of LZOWu Zhangjin
The output of LZO is not aligned with the other output: ... CC drivers/usb/mon/usbmon.mod.o LZO arch/mips/boot/compressed/vmlinux.lzo ... This patch fixes it. Signed-off-by: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2010-01-13kbuild: really fix bzImage build with non-bash shJonathan Nieder
In an x86 build with CONFIG_KERNEL_LZMA enabled and dash as sh, arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin.lzma ends with '\xf0\x7d\x39\x00' (16 bytes) instead of the 4 bytes intended and the resulting vmlinuz fails to boot. This improves on the previous behavior, in which the file contained the characters '-ne ' as well, but not by much. Previous commits replaced "echo -ne" first with "/bin/echo -ne", then "printf" in the hope of improving portability, but none of these commands is guaranteed to support hexadecimal escapes on POSIX systems. So use the shell to convert from hexadecimal to octal. With this change, an LZMA-compressed kernel built with dash as sh boots correctly again. Reported-by: Sebastian Dalfuß <sd@sedf.de> Reported-by: Oliver Hartkopp <oliver@hartkopp.net> Reported-by: Michael Guntsche <mike@it-loops.com> Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@gmail.com> Cc: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru> Cc: Alek Du <alek.du@intel.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.cz>
2010-01-11lib: add support for LZO-compressed kernelsAlbin Tonnerre
This patch series adds generic support for creating and extracting LZO-compressed kernel images, as well as support for using such images on the x86 and ARM architectures, and support for creating and using LZO-compressed initrd and initramfs images. Russell King said: : Testing on a Cortex A9 model: : - lzo decompressor is 65% of the time gzip takes to decompress a kernel : - lzo kernel is 9% larger than a gzip kernel : : which I'm happy to say confirms your figures when comparing the two. : : However, when comparing your new gzip code to the old gzip code: : - new is 99% of the size of the old code : - new takes 42% of the time to decompress than the old code : : What this means is that for a proper comparison, the results get even better: : - lzo is 7.5% larger than the old gzip'd kernel image : - lzo takes 28% of the time that the old gzip code took : : So the expense seems definitely worth the effort. The only reason I : can think of ever using gzip would be if you needed the additional : compression (eg, because you have limited flash to store the image.) : : I would argue that the default for ARM should therefore be LZO. This patch: The lzo compressor is worse than gzip at compression, but faster at extraction. Here are some figures for an ARM board I'm working on: Uncompressed size: 3.24Mo gzip 1.61Mo 0.72s lzo 1.75Mo 0.48s So for a compression ratio that is still relatively close to gzip, it's much faster to extract, at least in that case. This part contains: - Makefile routine to support lzo compression - Fixes to the existing lzo compressor so that it can be used in compressed kernels - wrapper around the existing lzo1x_decompress, as it only extracts one block at a time, while we need to extract a whole file here - config dialog for kernel compression [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup] Signed-off-by: Albin Tonnerre <albin.tonnerre@free-electrons.com> Tested-by: Wu Zhangjin <wuzhangjin@gmail.com> Acked-by: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Tested-by: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>