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2012-10-09mm: fix-up zone present pagesJianguo Wu
I think zone->present_pages indicates pages that buddy system can management, it should be: zone->present_pages = spanned pages - absent pages - bootmem pages, but is now: zone->present_pages = spanned pages - absent pages - memmap pages. spanned pages: total size, including holes. absent pages: holes. bootmem pages: pages used in system boot, managed by bootmem allocator. memmap pages: pages used by page structs. This may cause zone->present_pages less than it should be. For example, numa node 1 has ZONE_NORMAL and ZONE_MOVABLE, it's memmap and other bootmem will be allocated from ZONE_MOVABLE, so ZONE_NORMAL's present_pages should be spanned pages - absent pages, but now it also minus memmap pages(free_area_init_core), which are actually allocated from ZONE_MOVABLE. When offlining all memory of a zone, this will cause zone->present_pages less than 0, because present_pages is unsigned long type, it is actually a very large integer, it indirectly caused zone->watermark[WMARK_MIN] becomes a large integer(setup_per_zone_wmarks()), than cause totalreserve_pages become a large integer(calculate_totalreserve_pages()), and finally cause memory allocating failure when fork process(__vm_enough_memory()). [root@localhost ~]# dmesg -bash: fork: Cannot allocate memory I think the bug described in http://marc.info/?l=linux-mm&m=134502182714186&w=2 is also caused by wrong zone present pages. This patch intends to fix-up zone->present_pages when memory are freed to buddy system on x86_64 and IA64 platforms. Signed-off-by: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com> Reported-by: Petr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.cz> Tested-by: Petr Tesarik <ptesarik@suse.cz> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-08-27bootmem: Fix the short description of reserve_bootmem()Javi Merino
It marks pages as reserved, as the long description says. Signed-off-by: Javi Merino <javi.merino@arm.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2012-07-17bootmem: make ___alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic() really nopanicYinghai Lu
In reaction to commit 99ab7b19440a ("mm: sparse: fix usemap allocation above node descriptor section") Johannes said: | while backporting the below patch, I realised that your fix busted | f5bf18fa22f8 again. The problem was not a panicking version on | allocation failure but when the usemap size was too large such that | goal + size > limit triggers the BUG_ON in the bootmem allocator. So | we need a version that passes limit ONLY if the usemap is smaller than | the section. after checking the code, the name of ___alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic() does not reflect the fact. Make bootmem really not panic. Hope will kill bootmem sooner. Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.3.x, 3.4.x] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-07-11mm: sparse: fix usemap allocation above node descriptor sectionYinghai Lu
After commit f5bf18fa22f8 ("bootmem/sparsemem: remove limit constraint in alloc_bootmem_section"), usemap allocations may easily be placed outside the optimal section that holds the node descriptor, even if there is space available in that section. This results in unnecessary hotplug dependencies that need to have the node unplugged before the section holding the usemap. The reason is that the bootmem allocator doesn't guarantee a linear search starting from the passed allocation goal but may start out at a much higher address absent an upper limit. Fix this by trying the allocation with the limit at the section end, then retry without if that fails. This keeps the fix from f5bf18fa22f8 of not panicking if the allocation does not fit in the section, but still makes sure to try to stay within the section at first. Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.3.x, 3.4.x] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-29mm/bootmem.c: cleanup on addition to bootmem data listGavin Shan
The objects of "struct bootmem_data_t" are linked together to form double-linked list sequentially based on its minimal page frame number. The current implementation implicitly supports the following cases, which means the inserting point for current bootmem data depends on how "list_for_each" works. That makes the code a little hard to read. Besides, "list_for_each" and "list_entry" can be replaced with "list_for_each_entry". - The linked list is empty. - There has no entry in the linked list, whose minimal page frame number is bigger than current one. Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-29mm: remove sparsemem allocation details from the bootmem allocatorJohannes Weiner
alloc_bootmem_section() derives allocation area constraints from the specified sparsemem section. This is a bit specific for a generic memory allocator like bootmem, though, so move it over to sparsemem. As __alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic() already retries failed allocations with relaxed area constraints, the fallback code in sparsemem.c can be removed and the code becomes a bit more compact overall. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-29mm: bootmem: pass pgdat instead of pgdat->bdata down the stackJohannes Weiner
Pass down the node descriptor instead of the more specific bootmem node descriptor down the call stack, like nobootmem does, when there is no good reason for the two to be different. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-29mm: bootmem: unify allocation policy of (non-)panicking node allocationsJohannes Weiner
While the panicking node-specific allocation function tries to satisfy node+goal, goal, node, anywhere, the non-panicking function still does node+goal, goal, anywhere. Make it simpler: define the panicking version in terms of the non-panicking one, like the node-agnostic interface, so they always behave the same way apart from how to deal with allocation failure. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-29mm: bootmem: allocate in order node+goal, goal, node, anywhereJohannes Weiner
Match the nobootmem version of __alloc_bootmem_node. Try to satisfy both the node and the goal, then just the goal, then just the node, then allocate anywhere before panicking. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-29mm: bootmem: split out goal-to-node mapping from goal droppingJohannes Weiner
Matching the desired goal to the right node is one thing, dropping the goal when it can not be satisfied is another. Split this into separate functions so that subsequent patches can use the node-finding but drop and handle the goal fallback on their own terms. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-29mm: bootmem: rename alloc_bootmem_core to alloc_bootmem_bdataJohannes Weiner
Callsites need to provide a bootmem_data_t *, make the naming more descriptive. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-29mm: bootmem: remove redundant offset check when finally freeing bootmemJohannes Weiner
When bootmem releases an unaligned BITS_PER_LONG pages chunk of memory to the page allocator, it checks the bitmap if there are still unreserved pages in the chunk (set bits), but also if the offset in the chunk indicates BITS_PER_LONG loop iterations already. But since the consulted bitmap is only a one-word-excerpt of the full per-node bitmap, there can not be more than BITS_PER_LONG bits set in it. The additional offset check is unnecessary. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-05-29mm: bootmem: fix checking the bitmap when finally freeing bootmemGavin Shan
When bootmem releases an unaligned chunk of memory at the beginning of a node to the page allocator, it iterates from that unaligned PFN but checks an aligned word of the page bitmap. The checked bits do not correspond to the PFNs and, as a result, reserved pages can be freed. Properly shift the bitmap word so that the lowest bit corresponds to the starting PFN before entering the freeing loop. This bug has been around since commit 41546c17418f ("bootmem: clean up free_all_bootmem_core") (2.6.27) without known reports. Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <shangw@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-21bootmem/sparsemem: remove limit constraint in alloc_bootmem_sectionNishanth Aravamudan
While testing AMS (Active Memory Sharing) / CMO (Cooperative Memory Overcommit) on powerpc, we tripped the following: kernel BUG at mm/bootmem.c:483! cpu 0x0: Vector: 700 (Program Check) at [c000000000c03940] pc: c000000000a62bd8: .alloc_bootmem_core+0x90/0x39c lr: c000000000a64bcc: .sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node+0x84/0x29c sp: c000000000c03bc0 msr: 8000000000021032 current = 0xc000000000b0cce0 paca = 0xc000000001d80000 pid = 0, comm = swapper kernel BUG at mm/bootmem.c:483! enter ? for help [c000000000c03c80] c000000000a64bcc .sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node+0x84/0x29c [c000000000c03d50] c000000000a64f10 .sparse_init+0x12c/0x28c [c000000000c03e20] c000000000a474f4 .setup_arch+0x20c/0x294 [c000000000c03ee0] c000000000a4079c .start_kernel+0xb4/0x460 [c000000000c03f90] c000000000009670 .start_here_common+0x1c/0x2c This is BUG_ON(limit && goal + size > limit); and after some debugging, it seems that goal = 0x7ffff000000 limit = 0x80000000000 and sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node -> sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_pgdat_section calls return alloc_bootmem_section(usemap_size() * count, section_nr); This is on a system with 8TB available via the AMS pool, and as a quirk of AMS in firmware, all of that memory shows up in node 0. So, we end up with an allocation that will fail the goal/limit constraints. In theory, we could "fall-back" to alloc_bootmem_node() in sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node(), but since we actually have HOTREMOVE defined, we'll BUG_ON() instead. A simple solution appears to be to unconditionally remove the limit condition in alloc_bootmem_section, meaning allocations are allowed to cross section boundaries (necessary for systems of this size). Johannes Weiner pointed out that if alloc_bootmem_section() no longer guarantees section-locality, we need check_usemap_section_nr() to print possible cross-dependencies between node descriptors and the usemaps allocated through it. That makes the two loops in sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node() identical, so re-factor the code a bit. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: code simplification] Signed-off-by: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com> Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com> Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@au1.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Ben Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Robert Jennings <rcj@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [3.3.1] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-01-10mm: bootmem: try harder to free pages in bulkJohannes Weiner
The loop that frees pages to the page allocator while bootstrapping tries to free higher-order blocks only when the starting address is aligned to that block size. Otherwise it will free all pages on that node one-by-one. Change it to free individual pages up to the first aligned block and then try higher-order frees from there. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-01-10mm: bootmem: drop superfluous range check when freeing pages in bulkJohannes Weiner
The area node_bootmem_map represents is aligned to BITS_PER_LONG, and all bits in any aligned word of that map valid. When the represented area extends beyond the end of the node, the non-existant pages will be marked as reserved. As a result, when freeing a page block, doing an explicit range check for whether that block is within the node's range is redundant as the bitmap is consulted anyway to see whether all pages in the block are unreserved. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-01-10bootmem: micro optimize freeing pages in bulkUwe Kleine-König
The first entry of bdata->node_bootmem_map holds the data for bdata->node_min_pfn up to bdata->node_min_pfn + BITS_PER_LONG - 1. So the test for freeing all pages of a single map entry can be slightly relaxed. Moreover use DIV_ROUND_UP in another place instead of open coding it. Signed-off-by: Uwe Kleine-König <u.kleine-koenig@pengutronix.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-10-31mm: Map most files to use export.h instead of module.hPaul Gortmaker
The files changed within are only using the EXPORT_SYMBOL macro variants. They are not using core modular infrastructure and hence don't need module.h but only the export.h header. Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
2011-03-23crash_dump: export is_kdump_kernel to modules, consolidate elfcorehdr_addr, ↵Olaf Hering
setup_elfcorehdr and saved_max_pfn The Xen PV drivers in a crashed HVM guest can not connect to the dom0 backend drivers because both frontend and backend drivers are still in connected state. To run the connection reset function only in case of a crashdump, the is_kdump_kernel() function needs to be available for the PV driver modules. Consolidate elfcorehdr_addr, setup_elfcorehdr and saved_max_pfn into kernel/crash_dump.c Also export elfcorehdr_addr to make is_kdump_kernel() usable for modules. Leave 'elfcorehdr' as early_param(). This changes powerpc from __setup() to early_param(). It adds an address range check from x86 also on ia64 and powerpc. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: additional #includes] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove elfcorehdr_addr export] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix for Tejun's mm/nobootmem.c changes] Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-02-24bootmem: Move contig_page_data definition to bootmem.c/nobootmem.cYinghai Lu
Now that bootmem.c and nobootmem.c are separate, it's cleaner to define contig_page_data in each file than in page_alloc.c with #ifdef. Move it. This patch doesn't introduce any behavior change. -v2: According to Andrew, fixed the struct layout. -tj: Updated commit description. Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2011-02-24bootmem: Separate out CONFIG_NO_BOOTMEM code into nobootmem.cYinghai Lu
mm/bootmem.c contained code paths for both bootmem and no bootmem configurations. They implement about the same set of APIs in different ways and as a result bootmem.c contains massive amount of #ifdef CONFIG_NO_BOOTMEM. Separate out CONFIG_NO_BOOTMEM code into mm/nobootmem.c. As the common part is relatively small, duplicate them in nobootmem.c instead of creating a common file or ifdef'ing in bootmem.c. The followings are duplicated. * {min|max}_low_pfn, max_pfn, saved_max_pfn * free_bootmem_late() * ___alloc_bootmem() * __alloc_bootmem_low() The followings are applicable only to nobootmem and moved verbatim. * __free_pages_memory() * free_all_memory_core_early() The followings are not applicable to nobootmem and omitted in nobootmem.c. * reserve_bootmem_node() * reserve_bootmem() The rest split function bodies according to CONFIG_NO_BOOTMEM. Makefile is updated so that only either bootmem.c or nobootmem.c is built according to CONFIG_NO_BOOTMEM. This patch doesn't introduce any behavior change. -tj: Rewrote commit description. Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Acked-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2010-08-27x86, memblock: Replace e820_/_early string with memblock_Yinghai Lu
1.include linux/memblock.h directly. so later could reduce e820.h reference. 2 this patch is done by sed scripts mainly -v2: use MEMBLOCK_ERROR instead of -1ULL or -1UL Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
2010-08-27x86: Use memblock to replace early_resYinghai Lu
1. replace find_e820_area with memblock_find_in_range 2. replace reserve_early with memblock_x86_reserve_range 3. replace free_early with memblock_x86_free_range. 4. NO_BOOTMEM will switch to use memblock too. 5. use _e820, _early wrap in the patch, in following patch, will replace them all 6. because memblock_x86_free_range support partial free, we can remove some special care 7. Need to make sure that memblock_find_in_range() is called after memblock_x86_fill() so adjust some calling later in setup.c::setup_arch() -- corruption_check and mptable_update -v2: Move reserve_brk() early Before fill_memblock_area, to avoid overlap between brk and memblock_find_in_range() that could happen We have more then 128 RAM entry in E820 tables, and memblock_x86_fill() could use memblock_find_in_range() to find a new place for memblock.memory.region array. and We don't need to use extend_brk() after fill_memblock_area() So move reserve_brk() early before fill_memblock_area(). -v3: Move find_smp_config early To make sure memblock_find_in_range not find wrong place, if BIOS doesn't put mptable in right place. -v4: Treat RESERVED_KERN as RAM in memblock.memory. and they are already in memblock.reserved already.. use __NOT_KEEP_MEMBLOCK to make sure memblock related code could be freed later. -v5: Generic version __memblock_find_in_range() is going from high to low, and for 32bit active_region for 32bit does include high pages need to replace the limit with memblock.default_alloc_limit, aka get_max_mapped() -v6: Use current_limit instead -v7: check with MEMBLOCK_ERROR instead of -1ULL or -1L -v8: Set memblock_can_resize early to handle EFI with more RAM entries -v9: update after kmemleak changes in mainline Suggested-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Suggested-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
2010-08-27bootmem, x86: Add weak version of reserve_bootmem_genericYinghai Lu
It will be used memblock_x86_to_bootmem converting It is an wrapper for reserve_bootmem, and x86 64bit is using special one. Also clean up that version for x86_64. We don't need to take care of numa path for that, bootmem can handle it how Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
2010-07-20x86,nobootmem: make alloc_bootmem_node fall back to other node when 32bit ↵Yinghai Lu
numa is used Borislav Petkov reported his 32bit numa system has problem: [ 0.000000] Reserving total of 4c00 pages for numa KVA remap [ 0.000000] kva_start_pfn ~ 32800 max_low_pfn ~ 375fe [ 0.000000] max_pfn = 238000 [ 0.000000] 8202MB HIGHMEM available. [ 0.000000] 885MB LOWMEM available. [ 0.000000] mapped low ram: 0 - 375fe000 [ 0.000000] low ram: 0 - 375fe000 [ 0.000000] alloc (nid=8 100000 - 7ee00000) (1000000 - ffffffff) 1000 1000 => 34e7000 [ 0.000000] alloc (nid=8 100000 - 7ee00000) (1000000 - ffffffff) 200 40 => 34c9d80 [ 0.000000] alloc (nid=0 100000 - 7ee00000) (1000000 - ffffffffffffffff) 180 40 => 34e6140 [ 0.000000] alloc (nid=1 80000000 - c7e60000) (1000000 - ffffffffffffffff) 240 40 => 80000000 [ 0.000000] BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at 40000000 [ 0.000000] IP: [<c2c8cff1>] __alloc_memory_core_early+0x147/0x1d6 [ 0.000000] *pdpt = 0000000000000000 *pde = f000ff53f000ff00 ... [ 0.000000] Call Trace: [ 0.000000] [<c2c8b4f8>] ? __alloc_bootmem_node+0x216/0x22f [ 0.000000] [<c2c90c9b>] ? sparse_early_usemaps_alloc_node+0x5a/0x10b [ 0.000000] [<c2c9149e>] ? sparse_init+0x1dc/0x499 [ 0.000000] [<c2c79118>] ? paging_init+0x168/0x1df [ 0.000000] [<c2c780ff>] ? native_pagetable_setup_start+0xef/0x1bb looks like it allocates too much high address for bootmem. Try to cut limit with get_max_mapped() Reported-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com> Tested-by: Conny Seidel <conny.seidel@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.34.x] Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-04-07Merge branch 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/x86/linux-2.6-tip * 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/x86/linux-2.6-tip: x86: Fix double enable_IR_x2apic() call on SMP kernel on !SMP boards x86: Increase CONFIG_NODES_SHIFT max to 10 ibft, x86: Change reserve_ibft_region() to find_ibft_region() x86, hpet: Fix bug in RTC emulation x86, hpet: Erratum workaround for read after write of HPET comparator bootmem, x86: Fix 32bit numa system without RAM on node 0 nobootmem, x86: Fix 32bit numa system without RAM on node 0 x86: Handle overlapping mptables x86: Make e820_remove_range to handle all covered case x86-32, resume: do a global tlb flush in S4 resume
2010-04-01bootmem, x86: Fix 32bit numa system without RAM on node 0Yinghai Lu
When 32bit numa is used, free_all_bootmem() will still only go over with node id 0. If node 0 doesn't have RAM installed, the lowest populated node becomes low RAM. This one fixes BOOTMEM path by iterating over the bdata_list. -v3: add more comments, and fix bootmem path too. -v4: seperate from one big patch Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> LKML-Reference: <4BB416D7.6090203@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
2010-04-01nobootmem, x86: Fix 32bit numa system without RAM on node 0Yinghai Lu
On one system without RAM on node0, got following boot dump with a 32 bit NUMA kernel: early_node_map[4] active PFN ranges 1: 0x00000010 -> 0x00000099 1: 0x00000100 -> 0x0007da00 1: 0x0007e800 -> 0x0007ffa0 1: 0x0007ffae -> 0x0007ffb0 ... Subtract (29 early reservations) #000 [0000001000 - 0000002000] #001 [0000089000 - 000008f000] #002 [0000091000 - 0000093500] ... #027 [007cbfef40 - 007e800000] #028 [007e9ca000 - 007ff95000] (0 free memory ranges) Initializing HighMem for node 0 (00000000:00000000) Initializing HighMem for node 1 (00000000:00000000) Memory: 0k/2096832k available (6662k kernel code, 2096300k reserved, 4829k data, 484k init, 0k highmem) ... Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode...Ok. swapper: page allocation failure. order:0, mode:0x0 Pid: 0, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.34-rc3-tip-03818-g4b1ea6c-dirty #35 Call Trace: [<4087a5dc>] ? printk+0xf/0x11 [<40286728>] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x417/0x487 [<402a9ce1>] new_slab+0xe2/0x1fe [<402aa5b2>] kmem_cache_open+0x185/0x358 [<402abbc0>] T.954+0x1c/0x60 [<40d52a29>] kmem_cache_init+0x24/0x113 [<40d39738>] start_kernel+0x166/0x2e4 [<40d3940e>] ? unknown_bootoption+0x0/0x18e [<40d390ce>] i386_start_kernel+0xce/0xd5 Mem-Info: Node 1 DMA per-cpu: CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 Node 1 Normal per-cpu: CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0 active_anon:0 inactive_anon:0 isolated_anon:0 active_file:0 inactive_file:0 isolated_file:0 unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:0 unstable:0 free:0 slab_reclaimable:0 slab_unreclaimable:0 mapped:0 shmem:0 pagetables:0 bounce:0 When 32bit NUMA is used, free_all_bootmem() will still only go over with node id 0. If node 0 doesn't have RAM installed, We need to go with node1 because early_node_map still use 1 for all ranges, and ram from node1 become low ram. Use MAX_NUMNODES like 64-bit NUMA does. Note: BOOTMEM path has the same problem. this bug exist before We have NO_BOOTMEM support. -v3: add more comments, and fix bootmem path too. -v4: seperate bootmem path fix Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> LKML-Reference: <4BB41689.9090502@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
2010-03-30include cleanup: Update gfp.h and slab.h includes to prepare for breaking ↵Tejun Heo
implicit slab.h inclusion from percpu.h percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies. percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is used as the basis of conversion. http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py The script does the followings. * Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used, gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h. * When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered - alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there doesn't seem to be any matching order. * If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the file. The conversion was done in the following steps. 1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400 files. 2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion, some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added inclusions to around 150 files. 3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits from #2 to make sure no file was left behind. 4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed. e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually. 5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as necessary. 6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h. 7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq). * x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config. * powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig * sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig * ia64 SMP allmodconfig * s390 SMP allmodconfig * alpha SMP allmodconfig * um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig 8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as a separate patch and serve as bisection point. Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step 6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch. If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of the specific arch. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
2010-03-24x86: Remove excessive early_res debug outputJiri Kosina
Commit 08677214e318297 ("x86: Make 64 bit use early_res instead of bootmem before slab") introduced early_res replacement for bootmem, but left code in __free_pages_memory() which dumps all the ranges that are beeing freed, without any additional information, causing some noise in dmesg during bootup. Just remove printing of the ranges, that doesn't provide anything useful anyway. While at it, remove other commented-out KERN_DEBUG messages in the NO_BOOTMEM code as well. Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz> Found-OK-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> LKML-Reference: <alpine.LNX.2.00.1003220931360.18642@pobox.suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2010-02-12x86: Make 64 bit use early_res instead of bootmem before slabYinghai Lu
Finally we can use early_res to replace bootmem for x86_64 now. Still can use CONFIG_NO_BOOTMEM to enable it or not. -v2: fix 32bit compiling about MAX_DMA32_PFN -v3: folded bug fix from LKML message below Signed-off-by: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> LKML-Reference: <4B747239.4070907@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
2009-12-15mm/bootmem.c: properly __init-annotate helper functionsJan Beulich
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-11-10bootmem: Add free_bootmem_late()FUJITA Tomonori
Add a new function for freeing bootmem after the bootmem allocator has been released and the unreserved pages given to the page allocator. This allows us to reserve bootmem and then release it if we later discover it was not needed. ( This new API will be used by the swiotlb code to recover a significant amount of RAM (64MB). ) Signed-off-by: FUJITA Tomonori <fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp> Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi> Cc: chrisw@sous-sol.org Cc: dwmw2@infradead.org Cc: joerg.roedel@amd.com Cc: muli@il.ibm.com Cc: hannes@cmpxchg.org Cc: tj@kernel.org Cc: akpm@linux-foundation.org Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> LKML-Reference: <1257849980-22640-7-git-send-email-fujita.tomonori@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2009-08-27kmemleak: Do not report alloc_bootmem blocks as leaksCatalin Marinas
This patch sets the min_count for alloc_bootmem objects to 0 so that they are never reported as leaks. This is because many of these blocks are only referred via the physical address which is not looked up by kmemleak. Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
2009-07-08kmemleak: Add callbacks to the bootmem allocatorCatalin Marinas
This patch adds kmemleak_alloc/free callbacks to the bootmem allocator. This would allow scanning of such blocks and help avoiding a whole class of false positives and more kmemleak annotations. Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi> Reviewed-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
2009-06-19bootmem.c: avoid c90 declaration warningJoe Perches
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup] Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-06-11bootmem: fix slab fallback on numaPekka Enberg
If the user requested bootmem allocation on a specific node, we should use kzalloc_node() for the fallback allocation. Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
2009-06-11bootmem: use slab if bootmem is no longer availablePekka Enberg
As a preparation for initializing the slab allocator early, make sure the bootmem allocator does not crash and burn if someone calls it after slab is up; otherwise we'd need a flag day for switching to early slab. Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
2009-03-01bootmem, x86: further fixes for arch-specific bootmem wrappingTejun Heo
Impact: fix new breakages introduced by previous fix Commit c132937556f56ee4b831ef4b23f1846e05fde102 tried to clean up bootmem arch wrapper but it wasn't quite correct. Before the commit, the followings were broken. * Low level interface functions prefixed with __ ignored arch preference. * reserve_bootmem(...) can't be mapped into reserve_bootmem_node(NODE_DATA(0)->bdata, ...) because the node is not preference here. The region specified MUST fall into the specified region; otherwise, it will panic. After the commit, * If allocation fails for the arch preferred node, it should fallback to whatever is available. Instead, it simply failed allocation. There are too many internal details to allow generic wrapping and still keep things simple for archs. Plus, all that arch wants is a way to prefer certain node over another. This patch drops the generic wrapping around alloc_bootmem_core() and add alloc_bootmem_core() instead. If necessary, arch can define bootmem_arch_referred_node() macro or function which takes all allocation information and returns the preferred node. bootmem generic code will always try the preferred node first and then fallback to other nodes as usual. Breakages noted and changes reviewed by Johannes Weiner. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
2009-02-24bootmem: clean up arch-specific bootmem wrappingTejun Heo
Impact: cleaner and consistent bootmem wrapping By setting CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_BOOTMEM_NODE, archs can define arch-specific wrappers for bootmem allocation. However, this is done a bit strangely in that only the high level convenience macros can be changed while lower level, but still exported, interface functions can't be wrapped. This not only is messy but also leads to strange situation where alloc_bootmem() does what the arch wants it to do but the equivalent __alloc_bootmem() call doesn't although they should be able to be used interchangeably. This patch updates bootmem such that archs can override / wrap the backend function - alloc_bootmem_core() instead of the highlevel interface functions to allow simpler and consistent wrapping. Also, HAVE_ARCH_BOOTMEM_NODE is renamed to HAVE_ARCH_BOOTMEM. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de>
2009-01-06bootmem: print request details before BUG_ON(them)Johannes Weiner
Moving the request details print-out before the sanity checks that might panic() enables us to analyse invalid requests without having access to the line information of the stack dump. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-10-16misc: replace __FUNCTION__ with __func__Harvey Harrison
__FUNCTION__ is gcc-specific, use __func__ Signed-off-by: Harvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-08-20bootmem: fix aligning of node-relative indexes and offsetsJohannes Weiner
Absolute alignment requirements may never be applied to node-relative offsets. Andreas Herrmann spotted this flaw when a bootmem allocation on an unaligned node was itself not aligned because the combination of an unaligned node with an aligned offset into that node is not garuanteed to be aligned itself. This patch introduces two helper functions that align a node-relative index or offset with respect to the node's starting address so that the absolute PFN or virtual address that results from combining the two satisfies the requested alignment. Then all the broken ALIGN()s in alloc_bootmem_core() are replaced by these helpers. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de> Reported-by: Andreas Herrmann <andreas.herrmann3@amd.com> Debugged-by: Andreas Herrmann <andreas.herrmann3@amd.com> Reviewed-by: Andreas Herrmann <andreas.herrmann3@amd.com> Tested-by: Andreas Herrmann <andreas.herrmann3@amd.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-08-15bootmem allocator: alloc_bootmem_core(): page-align the end offsetMikulas Patocka
This is the minimal sequence that jams the allocator: void *p, *q, *r; p = alloc_bootmem(PAGE_SIZE); q = alloc_bootmem(64); free_bootmem(p, PAGE_SIZE); p = alloc_bootmem(PAGE_SIZE); r = alloc_bootmem(64); after this sequence (assuming that the allocator was empty or page-aligned before), pointer "q" will be equal to pointer "r". What's hapenning inside the allocator: p = alloc_bootmem(PAGE_SIZE); in allocator: last_end_off == PAGE_SIZE, bitmap contains bits 10000... q = alloc_bootmem(64); in allocator: last_end_off == PAGE_SIZE + 64, bitmap contains 11000... free_bootmem(p, PAGE_SIZE); in allocator: last_end_off == PAGE_SIZE + 64, bitmap contains 01000... p = alloc_bootmem(PAGE_SIZE); in allocator: last_end_off == PAGE_SIZE, bitmap contains 11000... r = alloc_bootmem(64); and now: it finds bit "2", as a place where to allocate (sidx) it hits the condition if (bdata->last_end_off && PFN_DOWN(bdata->last_end_off) + 1 == sidx)) start_off = ALIGN(bdata->last_end_off, align); -you can see that the condition is true, so it assigns start_off = ALIGN(bdata->last_end_off, align); (that is PAGE_SIZE) and allocates over already allocated block. With the patch it tries to continue at the end of previous allocation only if the previous allocation ended in the middle of the page. Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de> Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-24bootmem: replace node_boot_start in struct bootmem_dataJohannes Weiner
Almost all users of this field need a PFN instead of a physical address, so replace node_boot_start with node_min_pfn. [Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com: fix spurious BUG_ON() in mark_bootmem()] Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeureba.de> Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-24bootmem: revisit alloc_bootmem_sectionJohannes Weiner
Since alloc_bootmem_core does no goal-fallback anymore and just returns NULL if the allocation fails, we might now use it in alloc_bootmem_section without all the fixup code for a misplaced allocation. Also, the limit can be the first PFN of the next section as the semantics is that the limit is _above_ the allocated region, not within. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de> Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-24bootmem: Make __alloc_bootmem_low_node fall back to other nodesJohannes Weiner
__alloc_bootmem_node already does this, make the interface consistent. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-24bootmem: respect goal more likelyJohannes Weiner
The old node-agnostic code tried allocating on all nodes starting from the one with the lowest range. alloc_bootmem_core retried without the goal if it could not satisfy it and so the goal was only respected at all when it happened to be on the first (lowest page numbers) node (or theoretically if allocations failed on all nodes before to the one holding the goal). Introduce a non-panicking helper that starts allocating from the node holding the goal and falls back only after all thes tries failed, thus moving the goal fallback code out of alloc_bootmem_core. Make all other allocation functions benefit from this new helper. Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-24bootmem: factor out the marking of a PFN rangeJohannes Weiner
Introduce new helpers that mark a range that resides completely on a node or node-agnostic ranges that might also span node boundaries. The free/reserve API functions will then directly use these helpers. Note that the free/reserve semantics become more strict: while the prior code took basically arbitrary range arguments and marked the PFNs that happen to fall into that range, the new code requires node-specific ranges to be completely on the node. The node-agnostic requests might span node boundaries as long as the nodes are contiguous. Passing ranges that do not satisfy these criteria is a bug. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix printk warnings] Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-07-24bootmem: free/reserve helpersJohannes Weiner
Factor out the common operation of marking a range on the bitmap. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix various warnings] Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@saeurebad.de> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yhlu.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>