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2008-01-24Kobject: remove kobject_init() as no one uses it anymoreGreg Kroah-Hartman
The old kobject_init() function is on longer in use, so let us remove it from the public scope (kset mess in the kobject.c file still uses it, but that can be cleaned up later very simply.) Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24Kobject: rename kobject_add_ng() to kobject_add()Greg Kroah-Hartman
Now that the old kobject_add() function is gone, rename kobject_add_ng() to kobject_add() to clean up the namespace. Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24Kobject: remove kobject_add() as no one uses it anymoreGreg Kroah-Hartman
The old kobject_add() function is on longer in use, so let us remove it from the public scope (kset mess in the kobject.c file still uses it, but that can be cleaned up later very simply.) Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24Kobject: drop child->parent ref at unregistrationAlan Stern
This patch (as1015) reverts changes that were made to the driver core about four years ago. The intent back then was to avoid certain kinds of invalid memory accesses by leaving kernel objects allocated as long as any of their children were still allocated. The original and correct approach was to wait only as long as any children were still _registered_; that's what this patch reinstates. This fixes a problem in the SCSI core made visible by the class_device to regular device conversion: A reference loop (scsi_device holds reference to request_queue, which is the child of a gendisk, which is the child of the scsi_device) prevents the data structures from being released, even though they are deregistered okay. It's possible that this change will cause a few bugs to surface, things that have been hidden for several years. They can be fixed easily enough by having the child device take an explicit reference to the parent whenever needed. Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24kobject: clean up debugging messagesGreg Kroah-Hartman
The kobject debugging messages are a mess. This provides a unified message that makes them actually useful. The format for new kobject debug messages should be: kobject: 'KOBJECT_NAME' (ADDRESS): FUNCTION_NAME: message.\n Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24kobject: grab the kset reference in kobject_add, not kobject_initGreg Kroah-Hartman
kobject_init should not be grabing any references, but only initializing the object. This patch fixes this, and makes the lock hold-time shorter for when a kset is present in the kobject. The current kernel tree has been audited to verify that this change should be safe. Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24kobject: remove subsystem_(un)register functionsGreg Kroah-Hartman
These functions are no longer used and are the last remants of the old subsystem crap. So delete them for good. Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24Driver Core: kill subsys_attribute and default sysfs opsKay Sievers
Remove the no longer needed subsys_attributes, they are all converted to the more sensical kobj_attributes. There is no longer a magic fallback in sysfs attribute operations, all kobjects which create simple attributes need explicitely a ktype assigned, which tells the core what was intended here. Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24Driver Core: switch all dynamic ksets to kobj_sysfs_opsKay Sievers
Switch all dynamically created ksets, that export simple attributes, to kobj_attribute from subsys_attribute. Struct subsys_attribute will be removed. Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Cc: Mike Halcrow <mhalcrow@us.ibm.com> Cc: Phillip Hellewell <phillip@hellewell.homeip.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24Driver Core: add kobj_attribute handlingKay Sievers
Add kobj_sysfs_ops to replace subsys_sysfs_ops. There is no need for special kset operations, we want to be able to use simple attribute operations at any kobject, not only ksets. The whole concept of any default sysfs attribute operations will go away with the upcoming removal of subsys_sysfs_ops. Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24kobject: get rid of kobject_kset_add_dirGreg Kroah-Hartman
kobject_kset_add_dir is only called in one place so remove it and use kobject_create() instead. Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24kobject: get rid of kobject_add_dirGreg Kroah-Hartman
kobject_create_and_add is the same as kobject_add_dir, so drop kobject_add_dir. Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24kobject: add kobject_create_and_add functionGreg Kroah-Hartman
This lets users create dynamic kobjects much easier. Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24kset: add kset_create_and_add functionGreg Kroah-Hartman
Now ksets can be dynamically created on the fly, no static definitions are required. Thanks to Miklos for hints on how to make this work better for the callers. And thanks to Kay for finding some stupid bugs in my original version and pointing out that we need to handle the fact that kobject's can have a kset as a parent and to handle that properly in kobject_add(). Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24kobject: add kobject_init_and_add functionGreg Kroah-Hartman
Also add a kobject_init_and_add function which bundles up what a lot of the current callers want to do all at once, and it properly handles the memory usages, unlike kobject_register(); Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24kobject: add kobject_add_ng functionGreg Kroah-Hartman
This is what the kobject_add function is going to become. Add this to the kernel and then we can convert the tree over to use it. Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24kobject: add kobject_init_ng functionGreg Kroah-Hartman
This is what the kobject_init function is going to become. Add this to the kernel and then we can convert the tree over to use it. Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24kobject: make kobject_cleanup be staticGreg Kroah-Hartman
No one except the kobject core calls it so make the function static. Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24kobject: fix up kobject_set_name to use kvasprintfGreg Kroah-Hartman
Kay pointed out that kobject_set_name was being very stupid, doing two allocations for every call, when it should just be using the kernel function kvasprintf() instead. This change adds the internal kobject_set_name_vargs() function, which other follow-on patches will be using. Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24kref: add kref_set()Evgeniy Polyakov
This adds kref_set() to the kref api for future use by people who really know what they are doing with krefs... From: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2008-01-24kobject: remove incorrect comment in kobject_renameGreg Kroah-Hartman
As pointed out by Kay. Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2007-12-23lib: proportion: fix underflow in prop_norm_percpu()Peter Zijlstra
Zhe Jiang noticed that its possible to underflow pl->events in prop_norm_percpu() when the value returned by percpu_counter_read() is less than the error on that read and the period delay > 1. In that case half might not trigger the batch increment and the value will be identical on the next iteration, causing the same half to be subtracted again and again. Fix this by rewriting the division as a single subtraction instead of a subtraction loop and using percpu_counter_sum() when the value returned by percpu_counter_read() is smaller than the error. The latter is still needed if we want pl->events to shrink properly in the error region. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanups] Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Reviewed-by: Jiang Zhe <zhe.jiang@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-12-18sched: mark rwsem functions as __sched for wchan/profilingLivio Soares
This following commit http://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commitdiff;h=fdf8cb0909b531f9ae8f9b9d7e4eb35ba3505f07 un-inlined a low-level rwsem function, but did not mark it as __sched. The result is that it now shows up as thread wchan (which also affects /proc/profile stats). The following simple patch fixes this by properly marking rwsem_down_failed_common() as a __sched function. Also in this patch, which is up for discussion, marks down_read() and down_write() proper as __sched. For profiling, it is pretty much useless to know that a semaphore is beig help - it is necessary to know _which_ one. By going up another frame on the stack, the information becomes much more useful. In summary, the below change to lib/rwsem.c should be applied; the changes to kernel/rwsem.c could be applied if other kernel hackers agree with my proposal that down_read()/down_write() in the profile is not enough. [ akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix ] Signed-off-by: Livio Soares <livio@eecg.toronto.edu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2007-12-17kobject: fix the documentation of how kobject_set_name worksGreg Kroah-Hartman
Thanks to Dave Young <hidave.darkstar@gmail.com> for pointing out that I forgot to update the comment when I rewrote kobject_set_name. Cc: Dave Young <hidave.darkstar@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2007-12-03Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/net-2.6Linus Torvalds
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/net-2.6: (27 commits) [INET]: Fix inet_diag dead-lock regression [NETNS]: Fix /proc/net breakage [TEXTSEARCH]: Do not allow zero length patterns in the textsearch infrastructure [NETFILTER]: fix forgotten module release in xt_CONNMARK and xt_CONNSECMARK [NETFILTER]: xt_TCPMSS: remove network triggerable WARN_ON [DECNET]: dn_nl_deladdr() almost always returns no error [IPV6]: Restore IPv6 when MTU is big enough [RXRPC]: Add missing select on CRYPTO mac80211: rate limit wep decrypt failed messages rfkill: fix double-mutex-locking mac80211: drop unencrypted frames if encryption is expected mac80211: Fix behavior of ieee80211_open and ieee80211_close ieee80211: fix unaligned access in ieee80211_copy_snap mac80211: free ifsta->extra_ie and clear IEEE80211_STA_PRIVACY_INVOKED SCTP: Fix build issues with SCTP AUTH. SCTP: Fix chunk acceptance when no authenticated chunks were listed. SCTP: Fix the supported extensions paramter SCTP: Fix SCTP-AUTH to correctly add HMACS paramter. SCTP: Fix the number of HB transmissions. [TCP] illinois: Incorrect beta usage ...
2007-12-01[TEXTSEARCH]: Do not allow zero length patterns in the textsearch infrastructurePablo Neira Ayuso
If a zero length pattern is passed then return EINVAL. Avoids infinite loops (bm) or invalid memory accesses (kmp). Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org> Signed-off-by: Patrick McHardy <kaber@trash.net> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2007-11-29hexdump: don't print bytes with bit 7 setRandy Dunlap
As Herbert Xu pointed out, bytes (chars) with bit 7 (0x80) set are true with isprint() but they may not be isascii() but be Unicode instead, so don't try to print them in hex dumps. Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Cc: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-11-28kobject: two typo fixesJohannes Berg
This fixes two typos from commit 34358c26a2c96b2a068dc44e0ac602106a466bce. Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2007-11-23Blackfin arch: punt CONFIG_BFIN -- we already have CONFIG_BLACKFINMike Frysinger
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <michael.frysinger@analog.com> Signed-off-by: Bryan Wu <bryan.wu@analog.com>
2007-11-14lib: move bitmap.o from lib-y to obj-y.Paul Mundt
mac80211 has a reference to __bitmap_empty() via bitmap_empty(). In lib/bitmap.c this is flagged with an EXPORT_SYMBOL(), but this is ultimately ineffective due to bitmap.o being linked in lib-y, resulting in: ERROR: "__bitmap_empty" [net/mac80211/mac80211.ko] undefined! Moving bitmap.o to obj-y fixes this up. Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: "John W. Linville" <linville@tuxdriver.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-11-08[LIB] crc32c: Keep intermediate crc state in cpu orderBenny Halevy
crypto/crc32.c:chksum_final() is computing the digest as *(__le32 *)out = ~cpu_to_le32(mctx->crc); so the low-level crc32c_le routines should just keep the crc in cpu order, otherwise it is getting swabbed one too many times on big-endian machines. Signed-off-by: Benny Halevy <bhalevy@fs1.bhalevy.com> Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
2007-11-05Fix bitmap_scnlistprintf for empty masksAndi Kleen
When a bitmap is empty bitmap_scnlistprintf() would leave the buffer uninitialized. Set it to an empty string in this case. I didn't see any in normal kernel callers hitting this, but some custom debug code of mine did. Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-30kobject: check for duplicate names in kobject_renameGreg Kroah-Hartman
This should catch any duplicate names before we try to tell sysfs to rename the object. This happens a lot with older versions of udev and the network rename scripts. Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2007-10-25Permit silencing of __deprecated warnings.Jeff Garzik
The __deprecated marker is quite useful in highlighting the remnants of old APIs that want removing. However, it is quite normal for one or more years to pass, before the (usually ancient, bitrotten) code in question is either updated or deleted. Thus, like __must_check, add a Kconfig option that permits the silencing of this compiler warning. This change mimics the ifdef-ery and Kconfig defaults of MUST_CHECK as closely as possible. Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-23Merge git://git.infradead.org/mtd-2.6Linus Torvalds
* git://git.infradead.org/mtd-2.6: [MTD] [NOR] Fix deadlock in Intel chip driver caused by get_chip recursion [JFFS2] Fix return value from jffs2_write_end() [MTD] [OneNAND] Fix wrong free the static address in onenand_sim [MTD] [NAND] Replace -1 with -EBADMSG in nand error correction code [RSLIB] BUG() when passing illegal parameters to decode_rs8() or decode_rs16() [MTD] [NAND] treat any negative return value from correct() as an error [MTD] [NAND] nandsim: bugfix in initialization [MTD] Fix typo in Alauda config option help text. [MTD] [NAND] add s3c2440-specific read_buf/write_buf [MTD] [OneNAND] onenand-sim: fix kernel-doc and typos [JFFS2] Tidy up fix for ACL/permissions problem.
2007-10-22Add CONFIG_DEBUG_SG sg validationJens Axboe
Add a Kconfig entry which will toggle some sanity checks on the sg entry and tables. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2007-10-22Update swiotlb to use sg helpersJens Axboe
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
2007-10-20[MTD] [NAND] Replace -1 with -EBADMSG in nand error correction codeJörn Engel
Magic numerical values are just bad style. Particularly so when undocumented. Signed-off-by: Jörn Engel <joern@logfs.org> Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
2007-10-20[RSLIB] BUG() when passing illegal parameters to decode_rs8() or decode_rs16()Jörn Engel
Returning -ERANGE should never happen. Signed-off-by: Jörn Engel <joern@logfs.org> Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
2007-10-20spelling fixes: lib/Simon Arlott
Spelling fix in lib/. Signed-off-by: Simon Arlott <simon@fire.lp0.eu> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
2007-10-20LIB: Replace inappropriate include of <linux/bug.h>Robert P. J. Day
Replace an irrelevant include of bug.h with the more appropriate includes of slab.h and module.h. it's not as if the original inclusion is an error, it's simply not related to the contents of that source file, while the other two are. compile-tested on i386. Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
2007-10-19Fix misspellings of "system", "controller", "interrupt" and "necessary".Robert P. J. Day
Fix the various misspellings of "system", controller", "interrupt" and "[un]necessary". Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
2007-10-19markers: Add samples subdirMathieu Desnoyers
Begin infrastructure for kernel code samples in the samples/ directory. Add its Kconfig and Kbuild files. Source its Kconfig file in all arch/ Kconfigs. Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19Add irq protection in the percpu-counters cpu-hotplug-callback pathGautham R Shenoy
Some of the per-cpu counters and thus their locks are accessed from IRQ contexts. This can cause a deadlock if it interrupts a cpu-offline thread which is transferring a dead-cpu's counts to the global counter. Add appropriate IRQ protection in the cpu-hotplug callback path. Signed-off-by: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19Use helpers to obtain task pid in printksPavel Emelyanov
The task_struct->pid member is going to be deprecated, so start using the helpers (task_pid_nr/task_pid_vnr/task_pid_nr_ns) in the kernel. The first thing to start with is the pid, printed to dmesg - in this case we may safely use task_pid_nr(). Besides, printks produce more (much more) than a half of all the explicit pid usage. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: git-drm went and changed lots of stuff] Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19remove asm/bitops.h includesJiri Slaby
remove asm/bitops.h includes including asm/bitops directly may cause compile errors. don't include it and include linux/bitops instead. next patch will deny including asm header directly. Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19Fix cpusets update_cpumaskPaul Menage
Cause writes to cpuset "cpus" file to update cpus_allowed for member tasks: - collect batches of tasks under tasklist_lock and then call set_cpus_allowed() on them outside the lock (since this can sleep). - add a simple generic priority heap type to allow efficient collection of batches of tasks to be processed without duplicating or missing any tasks in subsequent batches. - make "cpus" file update a no-op if the mask hasn't changed - fix race between update_cpumask() and sched_setaffinity() by making sched_setaffinity() post-check that it's not running on any cpus outside cpuset_cpus_allowed(). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-18Replace __attribute_pure__ with __pureRalf Baechle
To be consistent with the use of attributes in the rest of the kernel replace all use of __attribute_pure__ with __pure and delete the definition of __attribute_pure__. Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org> Cc: Bryan Wu <bryan.wu@analog.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-17Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/data/git/linux-2.6-blockLinus Torvalds
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/data/git/linux-2.6-block: [SCSI] Remove full sg table memset() [SCSI] ide-scsi: remove usage of sg_last() Fix loop terminating conditions in fill_sg(). [BLOCK] Clear sg entry before filling in blk_rq_map_sg() IA64: iommu uses sg_next with an invalid sg element cciss: disable DMA refetch on Smart Array P600 swiotlb: fix map_sg failure handling SPARC64: fix iommu sg chaining [SCSI] ide-scsi: use scsi_sg_count() instead of ->use_sg
2007-10-17lib/iomap.c:bad_io_access(): print 0x hex prefixRene Herman
Be explicit about printing hex. Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>