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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Currently the writeback statistics code uses a percpu counters to hold
various statistics. Furthermore we have 2 families of functions - those
which disable local irq and those which doesn't and whose names begin
with double underscore. However, they both end up calling
__add_wb_stats which in turn calls percpu_counter_add_batch which is
already irq-safe.
Exploiting this fact allows to eliminated the __wb_* functions since
they don't add any further protection than we already have.
Furthermore, refactor the wb_* function to call __add_wb_stat directly
without the irq-disabling dance. This will likely result in better
runtime of code which deals with modifying the stat counters.
While at it also document why percpu_counter_add_batch is in fact
preempt and irq-safe since at least 3 people got confused.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1498029937-27293-1-git-send-email-nborisov@suse.com
Signed-off-by: Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Currently, percpu_counter_add is a wrapper around __percpu_counter_add
which is preempt safe due to explicit calls to preempt_disable. Given
how __ prefix is used in percpu related interfaces, the naming
unfortunately creates the false sense that __percpu_counter_add is
less safe than percpu_counter_add. In terms of context-safety,
they're equivalent. The only difference is that the __ version takes
a batch parameter.
Make this a bit more explicit by just renaming __percpu_counter_add to
percpu_counter_add_batch.
This patch doesn't cause any functional changes.
tj: Minor updates to patch description for clarity. Cosmetic
indentation updates.
Signed-off-by: Nikolay Borisov <nborisov@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Chris Mason <clm@fb.com>
Cc: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
Cc: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Cc: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Cc: linux-mm@kvack.org
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
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In commit ebd8fef304f9 ("percpu_counter: make percpu_counters_lock
irq-safe") we disabled irqs in percpu_counter_hotcpu_callback()
We can grab every counter spinlock without having to disable
irqs again.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Install the callbacks via the state machine and let the core invoke
the callbacks on the already online CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: rt@linutronix.de
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161103145021.28528-5-bigeasy@linutronix.de
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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Update the return type to use bool instead of int, corresponding to
cheange (debugobjects: make fixup functions return bool instead of int).
Signed-off-by: Du, Changbin <changbin.du@intel.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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XFS uses non-stanard batch sizes for avoiding frequent global
counter updates on it's allocated inode counters, as they increment
or decrement in batches of 64 inodes. Hence the standard percpu
counter batch of 32 means that the counter is effectively a global
counter. Currently Xfs uses a batch size of 128 so that it doesn't
take the global lock on every single modification.
However, Xfs also needs to compare accurately against zero, which
means we need to use percpu_counter_compare(), and that has a
hard-coded batch size of 32, and hence will spuriously fail to
detect when it is supposed to use precise comparisons and hence
the accounting goes wrong.
Add __percpu_counter_compare() to take a custom batch size so we can
use it sanely in XFS and factor percpu_counter_compare() to use it.
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
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Percpu allocator now supports allocation mask. Add @gfp to
percpu_counter_init() so that !GFP_KERNEL allocation masks can be used
with percpu_counters too.
We could have left percpu_counter_init() alone and added
percpu_counter_init_gfp(); however, the number of users isn't that
high and introducing _gfp variants to all percpu data structures would
be quite ugly, so let's just do the conversion. This is the one with
the most users. Other percpu data structures are a lot easier to
convert.
This patch doesn't make any functional difference.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Acked-by: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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percpu_counter is scheduled to grow @gfp support to allow atomic
initialization. This patch makes percpu_counters_lock irq-safe so
that it can be safely used from atomic contexts.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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I got a bug report yesterday from Laszlo Ersek in which he states that
his kvm instance fails to suspend. Laszlo bisected it down to this
commit 1cf7e9c68fe8 ("virtio_blk: blk-mq support") where virtio-blk is
converted to use the blk-mq infrastructure.
After digging a bit, it became clear that the issue was with the queue
drain. blk-mq tracks queue usage in a percpu counter, which is
incremented on request alloc and decremented when the request is freed.
The initial hunt was for an inconsistency in blk-mq, but everything
seemed fine. In fact, the counter only returned crazy values when
suspend was in progress.
When a CPU is unplugged, the percpu counters merges that CPU state with
the general state. blk-mq takes care to register a hotcpu notifier with
the appropriate priority, so we know it runs after the percpu counter
notifier. However, the percpu counter notifier only merges the state
when the CPU is fully gone. This leaves a state transition where the
CPU going away is no longer in the online mask, yet it still holds
private values. This means that in this state, percpu_counter_sum()
returns invalid results, and the suspend then hangs waiting for
abs(dead-cpu-value) requests to complete which of course will never
happen.
Fix this by clearing the state earlier, so we never have a case where
the CPU isn't in online mask but still holds private state. This bug
has been there since forever, I guess we don't have a lot of users where
percpu counters needs to be reliable during the suspend cycle.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Reported-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Laszlo Ersek <lersek@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Commit 74e72f894d56 ("lib/percpu_counter.c: fix __percpu_counter_add()")
looked very plausible, but its arithmetic was badly wrong: obvious once
you see the fix, but maddening to get there from the weird tmpfs ENOSPCs
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ming Lei <tom.leiming@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Fan Du <fan.du@windriver.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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__percpu_counter_add() may be called in softirq/hardirq handler (such
as, blk_mq_queue_exit() is typically called in hardirq/softirq handler),
so we need to call this_cpu_add()(irq safe helper) to update percpu
counter, otherwise counts may be lost.
This fixes the problem that 'rmmod null_blk' hangs in blk_cleanup_queue()
because of miscounting of request_queue->mq_usage_counter.
This patch is the v1 of previous one of "lib/percpu_counter.c:
disable local irq when updating percpu couter", and takes Andrew's
approach which may be more efficient for ARCHs(x86, s390) that
have optimized this_cpu_add().
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <tom.leiming@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Fan Du <fan.du@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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In my usage, sometimes the percpu APIs are called with irq locked,
sometimes not. lockdep complains there is potential deadlock. Let's
always use percpucounter lock in irq safe way. There should be no
performance penality, as all those are slow code path.
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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The __cpuinit type of throwaway sections might have made sense
some time ago when RAM was more constrained, but now the savings
do not offset the cost and complications. For example, the fix in
commit 5e427ec2d0 ("x86: Fix bit corruption at CPU resume time")
is a good example of the nasty type of bugs that can be created
with improper use of the various __init prefixes.
After a discussion on LKML[1] it was decided that cpuinit should go
the way of devinit and be phased out. Once all the users are gone,
we can then finally remove the macros themselves from linux/init.h.
This removes all the uses of the __cpuinit macros from C files in
the core kernel directories (kernel, init, lib, mm, and include)
that don't really have a specific maintainer.
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/5/20/589
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
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spinlock
__this_cpu_write doesn't need to be protected by spinlock, AS we are doing
per cpu write with preempt disabled. And another reason to remove
__this_cpu_write outside of spinlock: __percpu_counter_sum is not an
accurate counter.
Signed-off-by: Fan Du <fan.du@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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... making percpu_counter_destroy() non-blocking
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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These variables are only used when CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU is enabled, they are
ifdef'ed everywhere else. So don't define them when CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU is
not enabled.
Signed-off-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The percpu_counter::lock can be taken in atomic context and therefore
cannot be preempted on -rt - annotate it.
In mainline this change documents the low level nature of
the lock - otherwise there's no functional difference. Lockdep
and Sparse checking will work as usual.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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this_cpu() options.
The this_cpu_* options can be used to optimize __percpu_counter_add a bit. Avoids
some address arithmetic and saves 12 bytes.
Before:
00000000000001d3 <__percpu_counter_add>:
1d3: 55 push %rbp
1d4: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
1d7: 41 55 push %r13
1d9: 41 54 push %r12
1db: 53 push %rbx
1dc: 48 89 fb mov %rdi,%rbx
1df: 48 83 ec 08 sub $0x8,%rsp
1e3: 4c 8b 67 30 mov 0x30(%rdi),%r12
1e7: 65 4c 03 24 25 00 00 add %gs:0x0,%r12
1ee: 00 00
1f0: 4d 63 2c 24 movslq (%r12),%r13
1f4: 48 63 c2 movslq %edx,%rax
1f7: 49 01 f5 add %rsi,%r13
1fa: 49 39 c5 cmp %rax,%r13
1fd: 7d 0a jge 209 <__percpu_counter_add+0x36>
1ff: f7 da neg %edx
201: 48 63 d2 movslq %edx,%rdx
204: 49 39 d5 cmp %rdx,%r13
207: 7f 1e jg 227 <__percpu_counter_add+0x54>
209: 48 89 df mov %rbx,%rdi
20c: e8 00 00 00 00 callq 211 <__percpu_counter_add+0x3e>
211: 4c 01 6b 18 add %r13,0x18(%rbx)
215: 48 89 df mov %rbx,%rdi
218: 41 c7 04 24 00 00 00 movl $0x0,(%r12)
21f: 00
220: e8 00 00 00 00 callq 225 <__percpu_counter_add+0x52>
225: eb 04 jmp 22b <__percpu_counter_add+0x58>
227: 45 89 2c 24 mov %r13d,(%r12)
22b: 5b pop %rbx
22c: 5b pop %rbx
22d: 41 5c pop %r12
22f: 41 5d pop %r13
231: c9 leaveq
232: c3 retq
After:
00000000000001d3 <__percpu_counter_add>:
1d3: 55 push %rbp
1d4: 48 63 ca movslq %edx,%rcx
1d7: 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
1da: 41 54 push %r12
1dc: 53 push %rbx
1dd: 48 89 fb mov %rdi,%rbx
1e0: 48 8b 47 30 mov 0x30(%rdi),%rax
1e4: 65 44 8b 20 mov %gs:(%rax),%r12d
1e8: 4d 63 e4 movslq %r12d,%r12
1eb: 49 01 f4 add %rsi,%r12
1ee: 49 39 cc cmp %rcx,%r12
1f1: 7d 0a jge 1fd <__percpu_counter_add+0x2a>
1f3: f7 da neg %edx
1f5: 48 63 d2 movslq %edx,%rdx
1f8: 49 39 d4 cmp %rdx,%r12
1fb: 7f 21 jg 21e <__percpu_counter_add+0x4b>
1fd: 48 89 df mov %rbx,%rdi
200: e8 00 00 00 00 callq 205 <__percpu_counter_add+0x32>
205: 4c 01 63 18 add %r12,0x18(%rbx)
209: 48 8b 43 30 mov 0x30(%rbx),%rax
20d: 48 89 df mov %rbx,%rdi
210: 65 c7 00 00 00 00 00 movl $0x0,%gs:(%rax)
217: e8 00 00 00 00 callq 21c <__percpu_counter_add+0x49>
21c: eb 04 jmp 222 <__percpu_counter_add+0x4f>
21e: 65 44 89 20 mov %r12d,%gs:(%rax)
222: 5b pop %rbx
223: 41 5c pop %r12
225: c9 leaveq
226: c3 retq
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Acked-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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this_cpu_ptr() avoids an array lookup and can use the percpu offset of the
local cpu directly.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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All percpu counters are linked to a global list on initialization and
removed from it on destruction. The list is walked during CPU up/down.
If a percpu counter is freed without being properly destroyed, the system
will oops only on the next CPU up/down making it pretty nasty to track
down. This patch adds debugobj support for percpu counters so that such
problems can be found easily.
As percpu counters don't make sense on stack and can't be statically
initialized, debugobj support is pretty simple. It's initialized and
activated on counter initialization, and deactivatd and destroyed on
counter destruction. With this patch applied, the bug fixed by commit
602586a83b719df0fbd94196a1359ed35aeb2df3 (shmem: put_super must
percpu_counter_destroy) triggers the following warning on tmpfs unmount
and the system won't oops on the next cpu up/down operation.
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: at lib/debugobjects.c:259 debug_print_object+0x5c/0x70()
Hardware name: Bochs
ODEBUG: free active (active state 0) object type: percpu_counter
Modules linked in:
Pid: 3999, comm: umount Not tainted 2.6.36-rc2-work+ #5
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff81083f7f>] warn_slowpath_common+0x7f/0xc0
[<ffffffff81084076>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x46/0x50
[<ffffffff813b45cc>] debug_print_object+0x5c/0x70
[<ffffffff813b50e5>] debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x125/0x210
[<ffffffff811577d3>] kfree+0xb3/0x2f0
[<ffffffff81132edd>] shmem_put_super+0x1d/0x30
[<ffffffff81162e96>] generic_shutdown_super+0x56/0xe0
[<ffffffff81162f86>] kill_anon_super+0x16/0x60
[<ffffffff81162ff7>] kill_litter_super+0x27/0x30
[<ffffffff81163295>] deactivate_locked_super+0x45/0x60
[<ffffffff81163cfa>] deactivate_super+0x4a/0x70
[<ffffffff8117d446>] mntput_no_expire+0x86/0xe0
[<ffffffff8117df7f>] sys_umount+0x6f/0x360
[<ffffffff8103f01b>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
---[ end trace cce2a341ba3611a7 ]---
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglxlinutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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WARNING: at lib/list_debug.c:26 __list_add+0x3f/0x81()
Hardware name: Express5800/B120a [N8400-085]
list_add corruption. next->prev should be prev (ffffffff81a7ea00), but was dead000000200200. (next=ffff88080b872d58).
Modules linked in: aoe ipt_MASQUERADE iptable_nat nf_nat autofs4 sunrpc bridge 8021q garp stp llc ipv6 cpufreq_ondemand acpi_cpufreq freq_table dm_round_robin dm_multipath kvm_intel kvm uinput lpfc scsi_transport_fc igb ioatdma scsi_tgt i2c_i801 i2c_core dca iTCO_wdt iTCO_vendor_support pcspkr shpchp megaraid_sas [last unloaded: aoe]
Pid: 54, comm: events/3 Tainted: G W 2.6.34-vanilla1 #1
Call Trace:
[<ffffffff8104bd77>] warn_slowpath_common+0x7c/0x94
[<ffffffff8104bde6>] warn_slowpath_fmt+0x41/0x43
[<ffffffff8120fd2e>] __list_add+0x3f/0x81
[<ffffffff81212a12>] __percpu_counter_init+0x59/0x6b
[<ffffffff810d8499>] bdi_init+0x118/0x17e
[<ffffffff811f2c50>] blk_alloc_queue_node+0x79/0x143
[<ffffffff811f2d2b>] blk_alloc_queue+0x11/0x13
[<ffffffffa02a931d>] aoeblk_gdalloc+0x8e/0x1c9 [aoe]
[<ffffffffa02aa655>] aoecmd_sleepwork+0x25/0xa8 [aoe]
[<ffffffff8106186c>] worker_thread+0x1a9/0x237
[<ffffffffa02aa630>] ? aoecmd_sleepwork+0x0/0xa8 [aoe]
[<ffffffff81065827>] ? autoremove_wake_function+0x0/0x39
[<ffffffff810616c3>] ? worker_thread+0x0/0x237
[<ffffffff810653ad>] kthread+0x7f/0x87
[<ffffffff8100aa24>] kernel_thread_helper+0x4/0x10
[<ffffffff8106532e>] ? kthread+0x0/0x87
[<ffffffff8100aa20>] ? kernel_thread_helper+0x0/0x10
It's because there is no initialization code for a list_head contained in
the struct backing_dev_info under CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU, and the bug comes up
when block device drivers calling blk_alloc_queue() are used. In case of
me, I got them by using aoe.
Signed-off-by: Masanori Itoh <itoumsn@nttdata.co.jp>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Add percpu_counter_compare that allows for a quick but accurate comparison
of percpu_counter with a given value.
A rough count is provided by the count field in percpu_counter structure,
without accounting for the other values stored in individual cpu counters.
The actual count is a sum of count and the cpu counters. However, count
field is never different from the actual value by a factor of
batch*num_online_cpu. We do not need to get actual count for comparison
if count is different from the given value by this factor and allows for
quick comparison without summing up all the per cpu counters.
Signed-off-by: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip
* 'core-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
rcu: fix rcutorture bug
rcu: eliminate synchronize_rcu_xxx macro
rcu: make treercu safe for suspend and resume
rcu: fix rcutree grace-period-latency bug on small systems
futex: catch certain assymetric (get|put)_futex_key calls
futex: make futex_(get|put)_key() calls symmetric
locking, percpu counters: introduce separate lock classes
swiotlb: clean up EXPORT_SYMBOL usage
swiotlb: remove unnecessary declaration
swiotlb: replace architecture-specific swiotlb.h with linux/swiotlb.h
swiotlb: add support for systems with highmem
swiotlb: store phys address in io_tlb_orig_addr array
swiotlb: add hwdev to swiotlb_phys_to_bus() / swiotlb_sg_to_bus()
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For NR_CPUS >= 16 values, FBC_BATCH is 2*NR_CPUS
Considering more and more distros are using high NR_CPUS values, it makes
sense to use a more sensible value for FBC_BATCH, and get rid of NR_CPUS.
A sensible value is 2*num_online_cpus(), with a minimum value of 32 (This
minimum value helps branch prediction in __percpu_counter_add())
We already have a hotcpu notifier, so we can adjust FBC_BATCH dynamically.
We rename FBC_BATCH to percpu_counter_batch since its not a constant
anymore.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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core/urgent
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Impact: fix lockdep false positives
Classify percpu_counter instances similar to regular lock objects --
that is, per instantiation site.
The networking code has increased its use of percpu_counters, which
leads to false positives if they are treated as a single class.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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Revert
commit e8ced39d5e8911c662d4d69a342b9d053eaaac4e
Author: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Date: Fri Jul 11 19:27:31 2008 -0400
percpu_counter: new function percpu_counter_sum_and_set
As described in
revert "percpu counter: clean up percpu_counter_sum_and_set()"
the new percpu_counter_sum_and_set() is racy against updates to the
cpu-local accumulators on other CPUs. Revert that change.
This means that ext4 will be slow again. But correct.
Reported-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Cc: <linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.27.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Revert
commit 1f7c14c62ce63805f9574664a6c6de3633d4a354
Author: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Date: Thu Oct 9 12:50:59 2008 -0400
percpu counter: clean up percpu_counter_sum_and_set()
Before this patch we had the following:
percpu_counter_sum(): return the percpu_counter's value
percpu_counter_sum_and_set(): return the percpu_counter's value, copying
that value into the central value and zeroing the per-cpu counters before
returning.
After this patch, percpu_counter_sum_and_set() has gone, and
percpu_counter_sum() gets the old percpu_counter_sum_and_set()
functionality.
Problem is, as Eric points out, the old percpu_counter_sum_and_set()
functionality was racy and wrong. It zeroes out counters on "other" cpus,
without holding any locks which will prevent races agaist updates from
those other CPUS.
This patch reverts 1f7c14c62ce63805f9574664a6c6de3633d4a354. This means
that percpu_counter_sum_and_set() still has the race, but
percpu_counter_sum() does not.
Note that this is not a simple revert - ext4 has since started using
percpu_counter_sum() for its dirty_blocks counter as well.
Note that this revert patch changes percpu_counter_sum() semantics.
Before the patch, a call to percpu_counter_sum() will bring the counter's
central counter mostly up-to-date, so a following percpu_counter_read()
will return a close value.
After this patch, a call to percpu_counter_sum() will leave the counter's
central accumulator unaltered, so a subsequent call to
percpu_counter_read() can now return a significantly inaccurate result.
If there is any code in the tree which was introduced after
e8ced39d5e8911c662d4d69a342b9d053eaaac4e was merged, and which depends
upon the new percpu_counter_sum() semantics, that code will break.
Reported-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Cc: <linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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We should first delete the counter from percpu_counters list
before freeing memory, or a percpu_counter_hotcpu_callback()
could dereference a NULL pointer.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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percpu_counter_sum_and_set() and percpu_counter_sum() is the same except
the former updates the global counter after accounting. Since we are
taking the fbc->lock to calculate the precise value of the counter in
percpu_counter_sum() anyway, it should simply set fbc->count too, as the
percpu_counter_sum_and_set() does.
This patch merges these two interfaces into one.
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: <linux-ext4@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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Delayed allocation need to check free blocks at every write time.
percpu_counter_read_positive() is not quit accurate. delayed
allocation need a more accurate accounting, but using
percpu_counter_sum_positive() is frequently is quite expensive.
This patch added a new function to update center counter when sum
per-cpu counter, to increase the accurate rate for next
percpu_counter_read() and require less calling expensive
percpu_counter_sum().
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
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Provide a place in sysfs (/sys/class/bdi) for the backing_dev_info object.
This allows us to see and set the various BDI specific variables.
In particular this properly exposes the read-ahead window for all relevant
users and /sys/block/<block>/queue/read_ahead_kb should be deprecated.
With patient help from Kay Sievers and Greg KH
[mszeredi@suse.cz]
- split off NFS and FUSE changes into separate patches
- document new sysfs attributes under Documentation/ABI
- do bdi_class_init as a core_initcall, otherwise the "default" BDI
won't be initialized
- remove bdi_init_fmt macro, it's not used very much
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix ia64 warning]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Acked-by: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Some of the per-cpu counters and thus their locks are accessed from IRQ
contexts. This can cause a deadlock if it interrupts a cpu-offline thread
which is transferring a dead-cpu's counts to the global counter.
Add appropriate IRQ protection in the cpu-hotplug callback path.
Signed-off-by: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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provide a way to tell lockdep about percpu_counters that are supposed to be
used from irq safe contexts.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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alloc_percpu can fail, propagate that error.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Provide an accurate version of percpu_counter_read.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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s/percpu_counter_sum/&_positive/
Because its consitent with percpu_counter_read*
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Provide a method to set a percpu counter to a specified value.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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percpu_counter is a s64 counter, make _add consitent.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Because the current batch setup has an quadric error bound on the counter,
allow for an alternative setup.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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s/percpu_counter_mod/percpu_counter_add/
Because its a better name, _mod implies modulo.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Now that we have implemented hotunplug-time counter spilling,
percpu_counter_sum() only needs to look at online CPUs.
Cc: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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per-cpu counters presently must iterate over all possible CPUs in the
exhaustive percpu_counter_sum().
But it can be much better to only iterate over the presently-online CPUs. To
do this, we must arrange for an offlined CPU's count to be spilled into the
counter's central count.
We can do this for all percpu_counters in the machine by linking them into a
single global list and walking that list at CPU_DEAD time.
(I hope. Might have race windows in which the percpu_counter_sum() count is
inaccurate?)
Cc: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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free blocks counter
The percpu counter data type are changed in this set of patches to support
more users like ext3 who need more than 32 bit to store the free blocks
total in the filesystem.
- Generic perpcu counters data type changes. The size of the global counter
and local counter were explictly specified using s64 and s32. The global
counter is changed from long to s64, while the local counter is changed from
long to s32, so we could avoid doing 64 bit update in most cases.
- Users of the percpu counters are updated to make use of the new
percpu_counter_init() routine now taking an additional parameter to allow
users to pass the initial value of the global counter.
Signed-off-by: Mingming Cao <cmm@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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- Move percpu_counter routines from mm/swap.c to lib/percpu_counter.c
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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