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2017-06-20livepatch: Fix stacking of patches with respect to RCUPetr Mladek
rcu_read_(un)lock(), list_*_rcu(), and synchronize_rcu() are used for a secure access and manipulation of the list of patches that modify the same function. In particular, it is the variable func_stack that is accessible from the ftrace handler via struct ftrace_ops and klp_ops. Of course, it synchronizes also some states of the patch on the top of the stack, e.g. func->transition in klp_ftrace_handler. At the same time, this mechanism guards also the manipulation of task->patch_state. It is modified according to the state of the transition and the state of the process. Now, all this works well as long as RCU works well. Sadly livepatching might get into some corner cases when this is not true. For example, RCU is not watching when rcu_read_lock() is taken in idle threads. It is because they might sleep and prevent reaching the grace period for too long. There are ways how to make RCU watching even in idle threads, see rcu_irq_enter(). But there is a small location inside RCU infrastructure when even this does not work. This small problematic location can be detected either before calling rcu_irq_enter() by rcu_irq_enter_disabled() or later by rcu_is_watching(). Sadly, there is no safe way how to handle it. Once we detect that RCU was not watching, we might see inconsistent state of the function stack and the related variables in klp_ftrace_handler(). Then we could do a wrong decision, use an incompatible implementation of the function and break the consistency of the system. We could warn but we could not avoid the damage. Fortunately, ftrace has similar problems and they seem to be solved well there. It uses a heavy weight implementation of some RCU operations. In particular, it replaces: + rcu_read_lock() with preempt_disable_notrace() + rcu_read_unlock() with preempt_enable_notrace() + synchronize_rcu() with schedule_on_each_cpu(sync_work) My understanding is that this is RCU implementation from a stone age. It meets the core RCU requirements but it is rather ineffective. Especially, it does not allow to batch or speed up the synchronize calls. On the other hand, it is very trivial. It allows to safely trace and/or livepatch even the RCU core infrastructure. And the effectiveness is a not a big issue because using ftrace or livepatches on productive systems is a rare operation. The safety is much more important than a negligible extra load. Note that the alternative implementation follows the RCU principles. Therefore, we could and actually must use list_*_rcu() variants when manipulating the func_stack. These functions allow to access the pointers in the right order and with the right barriers. But they do not use any other information that would be set only by rcu_read_lock(). Also note that there are actually two problems solved in ftrace: First, it cares about the consistency of RCU read sections. It is being solved the way as described and used in this patch. Second, ftrace needs to make sure that nobody is inside the dynamic trampoline when it is being freed. For this, it also calls synchronize_rcu_tasks() in preemptive kernel in ftrace_shutdown(). Livepatch has similar problem but it is solved by ftrace for free. klp_ftrace_handler() is a good guy and never sleeps. In addition, it is registered with FTRACE_OPS_FL_DYNAMIC. It causes that unregister_ftrace_function() calls: * schedule_on_each_cpu(ftrace_sync) - always * synchronize_rcu_tasks() - in preemptive kernel The effect is that nobody is neither inside the dynamic trampoline nor inside the ftrace handler after unregister_ftrace_function() returns. [jkosina@suse.cz: reformat changelog, fix comment] Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-05-27livepatch: Make livepatch dependent on !TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMSMiroslav Benes
If TRIM_UNUSED_KSYMS is enabled, all unneeded exported symbols are made unexported. Two-pass build of the kernel is done to find out which symbols are needed based on a configuration. This effectively complicates things for out-of-tree modules. Livepatch exports functions to (un)register and enable/disable a live patch. The only in-tree module which uses these functions is a sample in samples/livepatch/. If the sample is disabled, the functions are trimmed and out-of-tree live patches cannot be built. Note that live patches are intended to be built out-of-tree. Suggested-by: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-05-01Merge branches 'for-4.12/upstream' and ↵Jiri Kosina
'for-4.12/klp-hybrid-consistency-model' into for-linus
2017-04-16livepatch: add missing printk newlinesJosh Poimboeuf
Add missing newlines to some pr_err() strings. Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-04-11livepatch: Cancel transition a safe way for immediate patchesPetr Mladek
klp_init_transition() does not set func->transition for immediate patches. Then klp_ftrace_handler() could use the new code immediately. As a result, it is not safe to put the livepatch module in klp_cancel_transition(). This patch reverts most of the last minute changes klp_cancel_transition(). It keeps the warning about a misuse because it still makes sense. Fixes: 3ec24776bfd0 ("livepatch: allow removal of a disabled patch") Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-03-30livepatch: Reduce the time of finding module symbolsZhou Chengming
It's reported that the time of insmoding a klp.ko for one of our out-tree modules is too long. ~ time sudo insmod klp.ko real 0m23.799s user 0m0.036s sys 0m21.256s Then we found the reason: our out-tree module used a lot of static local variables, so klp.ko has a lot of relocation records which reference the module. Then for each such entry klp_find_object_symbol() is called to resolve it, but this function uses the interface kallsyms_on_each_symbol() even for finding module symbols, so will waste a lot of time on walking through vmlinux kallsyms table many times. This patch changes it to use module_kallsyms_on_each_symbol() for modules symbols. After we apply this patch, the sys time reduced dramatically. ~ time sudo insmod klp.ko real 0m1.007s user 0m0.032s sys 0m0.924s Signed-off-by: Zhou Chengming <zhouchengming1@huawei.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-03-08livepatch: make klp_mutex proper part of APIJiri Kosina
klp_mutex is shared between core.c and transition.c, and as such would rather be properly located in a header so that we don't have to play 'extern' games from .c sources. This also silences sparse warning (wrongly) suggesting that klp_mutex should be defined static. Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-03-08livepatch: allow removal of a disabled patchJosh Poimboeuf
Currently we do not allow patch module to unload since there is no method to determine if a task is still running in the patched code. The consistency model gives us the way because when the unpatching finishes we know that all tasks were marked as safe to call an original function. Thus every new call to the function calls the original code and at the same time no task can be somewhere in the patched code, because it had to leave that code to be marked as safe. We can safely let the patch module go after that. Completion is used for synchronization between module removal and sysfs infrastructure in a similar way to commit 942e443127e9 ("module: Fix mod->mkobj.kobj potentially freed too early"). Note that we still do not allow the removal for immediate model, that is no consistency model. The module refcount may increase in this case if somebody disables and enables the patch several times. This should not cause any harm. With this change a call to try_module_get() is moved to __klp_enable_patch from klp_register_patch to make module reference counting symmetric (module_put() is in a patch disable path) and to allow to take a new reference to a disabled module when being enabled. Finally, we need to be very careful about possible races between klp_unregister_patch(), kobject_put() functions and operations on the related sysfs files. kobject_put(&patch->kobj) must be called without klp_mutex. Otherwise, it might be blocked by enabled_store() that needs the mutex as well. In addition, enabled_store() must check if the patch was not unregisted in the meantime. There is no need to do the same for other kobject_put() callsites at the moment. Their sysfs operations neither take the lock nor they access any data that might be freed in the meantime. There was an attempt to use kobjects the right way and prevent these races by design. But it made the patch definition more complicated and opened another can of worms. See https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1464018848-4303-1-git-send-email-pmladek@suse.com [Thanks to Petr Mladek for improving the commit message.] Signed-off-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-03-08livepatch: change to a per-task consistency modelJosh Poimboeuf
Change livepatch to use a basic per-task consistency model. This is the foundation which will eventually enable us to patch those ~10% of security patches which change function or data semantics. This is the biggest remaining piece needed to make livepatch more generally useful. This code stems from the design proposal made by Vojtech [1] in November 2014. It's a hybrid of kGraft and kpatch: it uses kGraft's per-task consistency and syscall barrier switching combined with kpatch's stack trace switching. There are also a number of fallback options which make it quite flexible. Patches are applied on a per-task basis, when the task is deemed safe to switch over. When a patch is enabled, livepatch enters into a transition state where tasks are converging to the patched state. Usually this transition state can complete in a few seconds. The same sequence occurs when a patch is disabled, except the tasks converge from the patched state to the unpatched state. An interrupt handler inherits the patched state of the task it interrupts. The same is true for forked tasks: the child inherits the patched state of the parent. Livepatch uses several complementary approaches to determine when it's safe to patch tasks: 1. The first and most effective approach is stack checking of sleeping tasks. If no affected functions are on the stack of a given task, the task is patched. In most cases this will patch most or all of the tasks on the first try. Otherwise it'll keep trying periodically. This option is only available if the architecture has reliable stacks (HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE). 2. The second approach, if needed, is kernel exit switching. A task is switched when it returns to user space from a system call, a user space IRQ, or a signal. It's useful in the following cases: a) Patching I/O-bound user tasks which are sleeping on an affected function. In this case you have to send SIGSTOP and SIGCONT to force it to exit the kernel and be patched. b) Patching CPU-bound user tasks. If the task is highly CPU-bound then it will get patched the next time it gets interrupted by an IRQ. c) In the future it could be useful for applying patches for architectures which don't yet have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. In this case you would have to signal most of the tasks on the system. However this isn't supported yet because there's currently no way to patch kthreads without HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE. 3. For idle "swapper" tasks, since they don't ever exit the kernel, they instead have a klp_update_patch_state() call in the idle loop which allows them to be patched before the CPU enters the idle state. (Note there's not yet such an approach for kthreads.) All the above approaches may be skipped by setting the 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_patch' struct, which will disable per-task consistency and patch all tasks immediately. This can be useful if the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. Note that, even with this flag set, it's possible that some tasks may still be running with an old version of the function, until that function returns. There's also an 'immediate' flag in the 'klp_func' struct which allows you to specify that certain functions in the patch can be applied without per-task consistency. This might be useful if you want to patch a common function like schedule(), and the function change doesn't need consistency but the rest of the patch does. For architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE, the user must set patch->immediate which causes all tasks to be patched immediately. This option should be used with care, only when the patch doesn't change any function or data semantics. In the future, architectures which don't have HAVE_RELIABLE_STACKTRACE may be allowed to use per-task consistency if we can come up with another way to patch kthreads. The /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/transition file shows whether a patch is in transition. Only a single patch (the topmost patch on the stack) can be in transition at a given time. A patch can remain in transition indefinitely, if any of the tasks are stuck in the initial patch state. A transition can be reversed and effectively canceled by writing the opposite value to the /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/enabled file while the transition is in progress. Then all the tasks will attempt to converge back to the original patch state. [1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20141107140458.GA21774@suse.cz Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> # for the scheduler changes Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-03-08livepatch: store function sizesJosh Poimboeuf
For the consistency model we'll need to know the sizes of the old and new functions to determine if they're on the stacks of any tasks. Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Reviewed-by: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-03-08livepatch: use kstrtobool() in enabled_store()Josh Poimboeuf
The sysfs enabled value is a boolean, so kstrtobool() is a better fit for parsing the input string since it does the range checking for us. Suggested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-03-08livepatch: move patching functions into patch.cJosh Poimboeuf
Move functions related to the actual patching of functions and objects into a new patch.c file. Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Reviewed-by: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-03-08livepatch: remove unnecessary object loaded checkJosh Poimboeuf
klp_patch_object()'s callers already ensure that the object is loaded, so its call to klp_is_object_loaded() is unnecessary. This will also make it possible to move the patching code into a separate file. Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Reviewed-by: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-03-08livepatch: separate enabled and patched statesJosh Poimboeuf
Once we have a consistency model, patches and their objects will be enabled and disabled at different times. For example, when a patch is disabled, its loaded objects' funcs can remain registered with ftrace indefinitely until the unpatching operation is complete and they're no longer in use. It's less confusing if we give them different names: patches can be enabled or disabled; objects (and their funcs) can be patched or unpatched: - Enabled means that a patch is logically enabled (but not necessarily fully applied). - Patched means that an object's funcs are registered with ftrace and added to the klp_ops func stack. Also, since these states are binary, represent them with booleans instead of ints. Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Reviewed-by: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2017-03-08livepatch: create temporary klp_update_patch_state() stubJosh Poimboeuf
Create temporary stubs for klp_update_patch_state() so we can add TIF_PATCH_PENDING to different architectures in separate patches without breaking build bisectability. Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2016-08-26livepatch/module: make TAINT_LIVEPATCH module-specificJosh Poimboeuf
There's no reliable way to determine which module tainted the kernel with TAINT_LIVEPATCH. For example, /sys/module/<klp module>/taint doesn't report it. Neither does the "mod -t" command in the crash tool. Make it crystal clear who the guilty party is by associating TAINT_LIVEPATCH with any module which sets the "livepatch" modinfo attribute. The flag will still get set in the kernel like before, but now it also sets the same flag in mod->taint. Note that now the taint flag gets set when the module is loaded rather than when it's enabled. I also renamed find_livepatch_modinfo() to check_modinfo_livepatch() to better reflect its purpose: it's basically a livepatch-specific sub-function of check_modinfo(). Reported-by: Chunyu Hu <chuhu@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2016-08-18livepatch: use arch_klp_init_object_loaded() to finish arch-specific tasksJessica Yu
Introduce arch_klp_init_object_loaded() to complete any additional arch-specific tasks during patching. Architecture code may override this function. Signed-off-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Acked-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2016-08-04modules: add ro_after_init supportJessica Yu
Add ro_after_init support for modules by adding a new page-aligned section in the module layout (after rodata) for ro_after_init data and enabling RO protection for that section after module init runs. Signed-off-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com> Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
2016-05-17Merge branches 'for-4.7/core', 'for-4.7/livepatching-doc' and ↵Jiri Kosina
'for-4.7/livepatching-ppc64' into for-linus
2016-04-30livepatch: make object/func-walking helpers more robustMiroslav Benes
Current object-walking helper checks the presence of obj->funcs to determine the end of objs array in klp_object structure. This is somewhat fragile because one can easily forget about funcs definition during livepatch creation. In such a case the livepatch module is successfully loaded and all objects after the incorrect one are omitted. This is very confusing. Let's make the helper more robust and check also for the other external member, name. Thus the helper correctly stops on an empty item of the array. We need to have a check for obj->funcs in klp_init_object() to make it work. The same applies to a func-walking helper. As a benefit we'll check for new_func member definition during the livepatch initialization. There is no such check anywhere in the code now. [jkosina@suse.cz: fix shortlog] Signed-off-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2016-04-15Merge branch 'topic/livepatch' of ↵Jiri Kosina
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux into for-4.7/livepatching-ppc64le Pull livepatching support for ppc64 architecture from Michael Ellerman. Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2016-04-14livepatch: Allow architectures to specify an alternate ftrace locationMichael Ellerman
When livepatch tries to patch a function it takes the function address and asks ftrace to install the livepatch handler at that location. ftrace will look for an mcount call site at that exact address. On powerpc the mcount location is not the first instruction of the function, and in fact it's not at a constant offset from the start of the function. To accommodate this add a hook which arch code can override to customise the behaviour. Signed-off-by: Torsten Duwe <duwe@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <bsingharora@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
2016-04-07livepatch: robustify klp_register_patch() API error checkingJiri Kosina
Commit 425595a7fc20 ("livepatch: reuse module loader code to write relocations") adds a possibility of dereferncing pointers supplied by the consumer of the livepatch API before sanity (NULL) checking them (patch and patch->mod). Spotted by smatch tool. Reported-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2016-04-01livepatch: reuse module loader code to write relocationsJessica Yu
Reuse module loader code to write relocations, thereby eliminating the need for architecture specific relocation code in livepatch. Specifically, reuse the apply_relocate_add() function in the module loader to write relocations instead of duplicating functionality in livepatch's arch-dependent klp_write_module_reloc() function. In order to accomplish this, livepatch modules manage their own relocation sections (marked with the SHF_RELA_LIVEPATCH section flag) and livepatch-specific symbols (marked with SHN_LIVEPATCH symbol section index). To apply livepatch relocation sections, livepatch symbols referenced by relocs are resolved and then apply_relocate_add() is called to apply those relocations. In addition, remove x86 livepatch relocation code and the s390 klp_write_module_reloc() function stub. They are no longer needed since relocation work has been offloaded to module loader. Lastly, mark the module as a livepatch module so that the module loader canappropriately identify and initialize it. Signed-off-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> # for s390 changes Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2016-03-17livepatch/module: remove livepatch module notifierJessica Yu
Remove the livepatch module notifier in favor of directly enabling and disabling patches to modules in the module loader. Hard-coding the function calls ensures that ftrace_module_enable() is run before klp_module_coming() during module load, and that klp_module_going() is run before ftrace_release_mod() during module unload. This way, ftrace and livepatch code is run in the correct order during the module load/unload sequence without dependence on the module notifier call chain. Signed-off-by: Jessica Yu <jeyu@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2016-03-09livepatch: Fix the error message about unresolvable ambiguityPetr Mladek
klp_find_callback() stops the search when sympos is not defined and a second symbol of the same name is found. It means that the current error message about the unresolvable ambiguity always prints "(2 matches)". Let's remove this information. The total number of occurrences is not much helpful. The author of the patch still must put a non-trivial effort into searching the right position in the object file. [jkosina@suse.cz: fixed grammar as suggested by Josh] Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Chris J Arges <chris.j.arges@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-12-04livepatch: Cleanup module page permission changesJosh Poimboeuf
Calling set_memory_rw() and set_memory_ro() for every iteration of the loop in klp_write_object_relocations() is messy, inefficient, and error-prone. Change all the read-only pages to read-write before the loop and convert them back to read-only again afterwards. Suggested-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-12-03livepatch: function,sympos scheme in livepatch sysfs directoryChris J Arges
The following directory structure will allow for cases when the same function name exists in a single object. /sys/kernel/livepatch/<patch>/<object>/<function,sympos> The sympos number corresponds to the nth occurrence of the symbol name in kallsyms for the patched object. An example of patching multiple symbols can be found here: https://github.com/dynup/kpatch/issues/493 Signed-off-by: Chris J Arges <chris.j.arges@canonical.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-12-03livepatch: add sympos as disambiguator field to klp_relocChris J Arges
In cases of duplicate symbols, sympos will be used to disambiguate instead of val. By default sympos will be 0, and patching will only succeed if the symbol is unique. Specifying a positive value will ensure that occurrence of the symbol in kallsyms for the patched object will be used for patching if it is valid. For external relocations sympos is not supported. Remove klp_verify_callback, klp_verify_args and klp_verify_vmlinux_symbol as they are no longer used. From the klp_reloc structure remove val, as it can be refactored as a local variable in klp_write_object_relocations. Signed-off-by: Chris J Arges <chris.j.arges@canonical.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-12-03livepatch: add old_sympos as disambiguator field to klp_funcChris J Arges
Currently, patching objects with duplicate symbol names fail because the creation of the sysfs function directory collides with the previous attempt. Appending old_addr to the function name is problematic as it reveals the address of the function being patch to a normal user. Using the symbol's occurrence in kallsyms to postfix the function name in the sysfs directory solves the issue of having consistent unique names and ensuring that the address is not exposed to a normal user. In addition, using the symbol position as the user's method to disambiguate symbols instead of addr allows for disambiguating symbols in modules as well for both function addresses and for relocs. This also simplifies much of the code. Special handling for kASLR is no longer needed and can be removed. The klp_find_verify_func_addr function can be replaced by klp_find_object_symbol, and klp_verify_vmlinux_symbol and its callback can be removed completely. In cases of duplicate symbols, old_sympos will be used to disambiguate instead of old_addr. By default old_sympos will be 0, and patching will only succeed if the symbol is unique. Specifying a positive value will ensure that occurrence of the symbol in kallsyms for the patched object will be used for patching if it is valid. In addition, make old_addr an internal structure field not to be specified by the user. Finally, remove klp_find_verify_func_addr as it can be replaced by klp_find_object_symbol directly. Support for symbol position disambiguation for relocations is added in the next patch in this series. Signed-off-by: Chris J Arges <chris.j.arges@canonical.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-11-11livepatch: x86: fix relocation computation with kASLRZhou Chengming
With kASLR enabled, old_addr provided by patch module is being shifted accrodingly so that the symbol lookups work. To have module relocations handled properly as well, the same transformation needs to be perfomed on relocation address information. [jkosina@suse.cz: extended / reworded changelog a bit] Reported-by: Cyril B. <cbay@alwaysdata.com> Signed-off-by: Zhou Chengming <zhouchengming1@huawei.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-07-14livepatch: Improve error handling in klp_disable_func()Minfei Huang
In case of func->state or func->old_addr not having expected values, we'd rather bail out immediately from klp_disable_func(). This can't really happen with the current codebase, but fix this anyway in the sake of robustness. [jkosina@suse.com: reworded the changelog a bit] Signed-off-by: Minfei Huang <mnfhuang@gmail.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.com>
2015-06-22Merge branches 'for-4.1/upstream-fixes', 'for-4.2/kaslr' and ↵Jiri Kosina
'for-4.2/upstream' into for-linus
2015-06-02livepatch: add module locking around kallsyms callsMiroslav Benes
The list of loaded modules is walked through in module_kallsyms_on_each_symbol (called by kallsyms_on_each_symbol). The module_mutex lock should be acquired to prevent potential corruptions in the list. This was uncovered with new lockdep asserts in module code introduced by the commit 0be964be0d45 ("module: Sanitize RCU usage and locking") in recent next- trees. Signed-off-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-05-25livepatch: annotate klp_init() with __initMinfei Huang
module_init() function should be marked __init. [jkosina@suse.cz: remove overly verbose changelog] Signed-off-by: Minfei Huang <mnfhuang@gmail.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-05-19livepatch: introduce patch/func-walking helpersJiri Slaby
klp_for_each_object and klp_for_each_func are now used all over the code. One need not think what is the proper condition to check in the for loop now. Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-05-19livepatch: make kobject in klp_object statically allocatedMiroslav Benes
Make kobj variable (of type struct kobject) statically allocated in klp_object structure. It will allow us to move in the func-object-patch hierarchy through kobject links. The only reason to have it dynamic was to not have empty release callback in the code. However we have empty callbacks for function and patch in the code now, so it is no longer valid and the advantage of static allocation is clear. Signed-off-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-05-18livepatch: Prevent patch inconsistencies if the coming module notifier failsMinfei Huang
The previous patches can be applied, once the corresponding module is loaded. In general, the patch will do relocation (if necessary) and obtain/verify function address before we start to enable patch. There are three different situations in which the coming module notifier can fail: 1) relocations are not applied for some reason. In this case kallsyms for module symbol is not called at all. The patch is not applied to the module. If the user disable and enable patch again, there is possible bug in klp_enable_func. If the user specified func->old_addr for some function in the module (and he shouldn't do that, but nevertheless) our warning would not catch it, ftrace will reject to register the handler because of wrong address or will register the handler for wrong address. 2) relocations are applied successfully, but kallsyms lookup fails. In this case func->old_addr can be correct for all previous lookups, 0 for current failed one, and "unspecified" for the rest. If we undergo the same scenario as in 1, the behaviour differs for three cases, but the patch is not enabled anyway. 3) the object is initialized, but klp_enable_object fails in the notifier due to possible ftrace error. Since it is improbable that ftrace would heal itself in the future, we would get those errors everytime the patch is enabled. In order to fix above situations, we can make obj->mod to NULL, if the coming modified notifier fails. Signed-off-by: Minfei Huang <mnfhuang@gmail.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-05-11livepatch: match return value to function signatureNicholas Mc Guire
klp_initialized() should return bool but is actually returning struct kobject * - convert it to a boolean explicitly. Signed-off-by: Nicholas Mc Guire <hofrat@osadl.org> Reviewed-by: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-04-29livepatch: x86: make kASLR logic more accurateJiri Kosina
We give up old_addr hint from the coming patch module in cases when kernel load base has been randomized (as in such case, the coming module has no idea about the exact randomization offset). We are currently too pessimistic, and give up immediately as soon as CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE is set; this doesn't however directly imply that the load base has actually been randomized. There are config options that disable kASLR (such as hibernation), user could have disabled kaslr on kernel command-line, etc. The loader propagates the information whether kernel has been randomized through bootparams. This allows us to have the condition more accurate. On top of that, it seems unnecessary to give up old_addr hints even if randomization is active. The relocation offset can be computed using kaslr_ofsset(), and therefore old_addr can be adjusted accordingly. Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-04-13Merge branch 'for-4.1/core-noarch' into for-linusJiri Kosina
2015-03-17livepatch: Fix subtle race with coming and going modulesPetr Mladek
There is a notifier that handles live patches for coming and going modules. It takes klp_mutex lock to avoid races with coming and going patches but it does not keep the lock all the time. Therefore the following races are possible: 1. The notifier is called sometime in STATE_MODULE_COMING. The module is visible by find_module() in this state all the time. It means that new patch can be registered and enabled even before the notifier is called. It might create wrong order of stacked patches, see below for an example. 2. New patch could still see the module in the GOING state even after the notifier has been called. It will try to initialize the related object structures but the module could disappear at any time. There will stay mess in the structures. It might even cause an invalid memory access. This patch solves the problem by adding a boolean variable into struct module. The value is true after the coming and before the going handler is called. New patches need to be applied when the value is true and they need to ignore the module when the value is false. Note that we need to know state of all modules on the system. The races are related to new patches. Therefore we do not know what modules will get patched. Also note that we could not simply ignore going modules. The code from the module could be called even in the GOING state until mod->exit() finishes. If we start supporting patches with semantic changes between function calls, we need to apply new patches to any still usable code. See below for an example. Finally note that the patch solves only the situation when a new patch is registered. There are no such problems when the patch is being removed. It does not matter who disable the patch first, whether the normal disable_patch() or the module notifier. There is nothing to do once the patch is disabled. Alternative solutions: ====================== + reject new patches when a patched module is coming or going; this is ugly + wait with adding new patch until the module leaves the COMING and GOING states; this might be dangerous and complicated; we would need to release kgr_lock in the middle of the patch registration to avoid a deadlock with the coming and going handlers; also we might need a waitqueue for each module which seems to be even bigger overhead than the boolean + stop modules from entering COMING and GOING states; wait until modules leave these states when they are already there; looks complicated; we would need to ignore the module that asked to stop the others to avoid a deadlock; also it is unclear what to do when two modules asked to stop others and both are in COMING state (situation when two new patches are applied) + always register/enable new patches and fix up the potential mess (registered patches order) in klp_module_init(); this is nasty and prone to regressions in the future development + add another MODULE_STATE where the kallsyms are visible but the module is not used yet; this looks too complex; the module states are checked on "many" locations Example of patch stacking breakage: =================================== The notifier could _not_ _simply_ ignore already initialized module objects. For example, let's have three patches (P1, P2, P3) for functions a() and b() where a() is from vmcore and b() is from a module M. Something like: a() b() P1 a1() b1() P2 a2() b2() P3 a3() b3(3) If you load the module M after all patches are registered and enabled. The ftrace ops for function a() and b() has listed the functions in this order: ops_a->func_stack -> list(a3,a2,a1) ops_b->func_stack -> list(b3,b2,b1) , so the pointer to b3() is the first and will be used. Then you might have the following scenario. Let's start with state when patches P1 and P2 are registered and enabled but the module M is not loaded. Then ftrace ops for b() does not exist. Then we get into the following race: CPU0 CPU1 load_module(M) complete_formation() mod->state = MODULE_STATE_COMING; mutex_unlock(&module_mutex); klp_register_patch(P3); klp_enable_patch(P3); # STATE 1 klp_module_notify(M) klp_module_notify_coming(P1); klp_module_notify_coming(P2); klp_module_notify_coming(P3); # STATE 2 The ftrace ops for a() and b() then looks: STATE1: ops_a->func_stack -> list(a3,a2,a1); ops_b->func_stack -> list(b3); STATE2: ops_a->func_stack -> list(a3,a2,a1); ops_b->func_stack -> list(b2,b1,b3); therefore, b2() is used for the module but a3() is used for vmcore because they were the last added. Example of the race with going modules: ======================================= CPU0 CPU1 delete_module() #SYSCALL try_stop_module() mod->state = MODULE_STATE_GOING; mutex_unlock(&module_mutex); klp_register_patch() klp_enable_patch() #save place to switch universe b() # from module that is going a() # from core (patched) mod->exit(); Note that the function b() can be called until we call mod->exit(). If we do not apply patch against b() because it is in MODULE_STATE_GOING, it will call patched a() with modified semantic and things might get wrong. [jpoimboe@redhat.com: use one boolean instead of two] Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-03-04livepatch: remove unnecessary call to klp_find_object_module()Josh Poimboeuf
klp_find_object_module() is called from both the klp register and enable paths. Only the call from the register path is necessary because the module notifier will let us know if the patched module gets loaded or unloaded. Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-03-03livepatch: fix RCU usage in klp_find_external_symbol()Peter Zijlstra
While one must hold RCU-sched (aka. preempt_disable) for find_symbol() one must equally hold it over the use of the object returned. The moment you release the RCU-sched read lock, the object can be dead and gone. [jkosina@suse.cz: change subject line to be aligned with other patches] Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com> Cc: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Cc: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Cc: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz> Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com> Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-02-22livepatch: RCU protect struct klp_func all the time when used in ↵Petr Mladek
klp_ftrace_handler() func->new_func has been accessed after rcu_read_unlock() in klp_ftrace_handler() and therefore the access was not protected. Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Acked-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-02-18livepatch: simplify disable error pathJosh Poimboeuf
If registering the function with ftrace has previously succeeded, unregistering will almost never fail. Even if it does, it's not a fatal error. We can still carry on and disable the klp_func from being used by removing it from the klp_ops func stack. Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-02-16livepatch: fix format string in kobject_init_and_add()Jiri Kosina
kobject_init_and_add() takes expects format string for a name, so we better provide it in order to avoid infoleaks if modules craft their mod->name in a special way. Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Reported-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Acked-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-02-06livepatch: add missing newline to error messageJosh Poimboeuf
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-02-04livepatch: rename config to CONFIG_LIVEPATCHJosh Poimboeuf
Rename CONFIG_LIVE_PATCHING to CONFIG_LIVEPATCH to make the naming of the config and the code more consistent. Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jingoo Han <jg1.han@samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
2015-01-21livepatch: fix uninitialized return valueJosh Poimboeuf
Fix a potentially uninitialized return value in klp_enable_func(). Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Miroslav Benes <mbenes@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>