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2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2016-01-20init/do_mounts: initrd_load() can be booleanYaowei Bai
Make initrd_load() return bool due to this particular function only using either one or zero as its return value. No functional change. Signed-off-by: Yaowei Bai <baiyaowei@cmss.chinamobile.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-04-30usermodehelper: split remaining calls to call_usermodehelper_fns()Lucas De Marchi
These are the only users of call_usermodehelper_fns(). This function suffers from not being able to determine if the cleanup is called. Even if in this places the cleanup pointer is NULL, convert them to use the separate call_usermodehelper_setup() + call_usermodehelper_exec() functions so we can remove the _fns variant. Signed-off-by: Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@profusion.mobi> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-01-23Merge branch 'master' into for-3.9-asyncTejun Heo
To receive f56c3196f251012de9b3ebaff55732a9074fdaae ("async: fix __lowest_in_progress()"). Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
2013-01-19make sure that /linuxrc has std{in,out,err}Al Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2013-01-18init, block: try to load default elevator module early during bootTejun Heo
This patch adds default module loading and uses it to load the default block elevator. During boot, it's called right after initramfs or initrd is made available and right before control is passed to userland. This ensures that as long as the modules are available in the usual places in initramfs, initrd or the root filesystem, the default modules are loaded as soon as possible. This will replace the on-demand elevator module loading from elevator init path. v2: Fixed build breakage when !CONFIG_BLOCK. Reported by kbuild test robot. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk> Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com> Cc: Fengguang We <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
2012-10-11don't bother with kernel_thread/kernel_execve for launching linuxrcAl Viro
exec_usermodehelper_fns() will do just fine... Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2012-05-31init: disable sparse checking of the mount.o source filesH Hartley Sweeten
The init/mount.o source files produce a number of sparse warnings of the type: warning: incorrect type in argument 1 (different address spaces) expected char [noderef] <asn:1>*dev_name got char *name This is due to the syscalls expecting some of the arguments to be user pointers but they are being passed as kernel pointers. This is harmless but adds a lot of noise to a sparse build. To limit the noise just disable the sparse checking in the relevant source files, but still display a warning so that the user knows this has been done. Since the sparse checking has been disabled we can also remove the __user __force casts that are scattered thru the source. Signed-off-by: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-03-31get rid of pointless includes of ext2_fs.hAl Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-08-17Make do_execve() take a const filename pointerDavid Howells
Make do_execve() take a const filename pointer so that kernel_execve() compiles correctly on ARM: arch/arm/kernel/sys_arm.c:88: warning: passing argument 1 of 'do_execve' discards qualifiers from pointer target type This also requires the argv and envp arguments to be consted twice, once for the pointer array and once for the strings the array points to. This is because do_execve() passes a pointer to the filename (now const) to copy_strings_kernel(). A simpler alternative would be to cast the filename pointer in do_execve() when it's passed to copy_strings_kernel(). do_execve() may not change any of the strings it is passed as part of the argv or envp lists as they are some of them in .rodata, so marking these strings as const should be fine. Further kernel_execve() and sys_execve() need to be changed to match. This has been test built on x86_64, frv, arm and mips. Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Tested-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Acked-by: Russell King <rmk+kernel@arm.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-03-03init: Open /dev/console from rootfsEric W. Biederman
To avoid potential problems with an empty /dev open /dev/console from rootfs instead of waiting to mount our root filesystem and mounting it there. This effectively guarantees that there will be a device node, and it won't be on a filesystem that we will ever unmount, so there are no issues with leaving /dev/console open and pinning the filesystem. This is actually more effective than automatically mounting devtmpfs on /dev because it removes removes the occasionally problematic assumption that /dev/console exists from the boot code. With this patch I was able to throw busybox on my /boot partition (which has no /dev directory) and boot into userspace without problems. The only possible negative consequence I can think of is that someone out there deliberately used did not use a character device that is major 5 minor 2 for /dev/console. Does anyone know of a situation in which that could make sense? Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2007-11-20Freezer: Fix s2disk resume from initrdRafael J. Wysocki
Add appropriate freezer annotations to handle_initrd(), so that it's possible to resume from disk from an initrd. http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=9345 Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> Cc: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Chris Friedhoff <chris@friedhoff.org> Signed-off-by: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
2007-09-19Fix failure to resume from initrdsNigel Cunningham
Commit 831441862956fffa17b9801db37e6ea1650b0f69 (Freezer: make kernel threads nonfreezable by default) breaks freezing when attempting to resume from an initrd, because the init (which is freezeable) spins while waiting for another thread to run /linuxrc, but doesn't check whether it has been told to enter the refrigerator. The original patch replaced a call to try_to_freeze() with a call to yield(). I believe a simple reversion is wrong because if !CONFIG_PM_SLEEP, try_to_freeze() is a noop. It should still yield. Signed-off-by: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net> Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-07-17Freezer: make kernel threads nonfreezable by defaultRafael J. Wysocki
Currently, the freezer treats all tasks as freezable, except for the kernel threads that explicitly set the PF_NOFREEZE flag for themselves. This approach is problematic, since it requires every kernel thread to either set PF_NOFREEZE explicitly, or call try_to_freeze(), even if it doesn't care for the freezing of tasks at all. It seems better to only require the kernel threads that want to or need to be frozen to use some freezer-related code and to remove any freezer-related code from the other (nonfreezable) kernel threads, which is done in this patch. The patch causes all kernel threads to be nonfreezable by default (ie. to have PF_NOFREEZE set by default) and introduces the set_freezable() function that should be called by the freezable kernel threads in order to unset PF_NOFREEZE. It also makes all of the currently freezable kernel threads call set_freezable(), so it shouldn't cause any (intentional) change of behaviour to appear. Additionally, it updates documentation to describe the freezing of tasks more accurately. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fixes] Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Acked-by: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net> Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru> Cc: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-07freezer: remove PF_NOFREEZE from handle_initrdRafael J. Wysocki
Make handle_initrd() call try_to_freeze() in a suitable place instead of setting PF_NOFREEZE for the current task. Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Acked-by: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@nigel.suspend2.net> Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2006-12-07[PATCH] Add include/linux/freezer.h and move definitions from sched.hNigel Cunningham
Move process freezing functions from include/linux/sched.h to freezer.h, so that modifications to the freezer or the kernel configuration don't require recompiling just about everything. [akpm@osdl.org: fix ueagle driver] Signed-off-by: Nigel Cunningham <nigel@suspend2.net> Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-02[PATCH] introduce kernel_execveArnd Bergmann
The use of execve() in the kernel is dubious, since it relies on the __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ mechanism that stores the result in a global errno variable. As a first step of getting rid of this, change all users to a global kernel_execve function that returns a proper error code. This function is a terrible hack, and a later patch removes it again after the kernel syscalls are gone. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Ian Molton <spyro@f2s.com> Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata.hirokazu@renesas.com> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: Kazumoto Kojima <kkojima@rr.iij4u.or.jp> Cc: Richard Curnow <rc@rc0.org.uk> Cc: William Lee Irwin III <wli@holomorphy.com> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Cc: Miles Bader <uclinux-v850@lsi.nec.co.jp> Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-26[PATCH] devfs: Remove devfs from the init codeGreg Kroah-Hartman
This patch removes the devfs code from the init/ directory. Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2006-03-23[PATCH] swsusp: userland interfaceRafael J. Wysocki
This patch introduces a user space interface for swsusp. The interface is based on a special character device, called the snapshot device, that allows user space processes to perform suspend and resume-related operations with the help of some ioctls and the read()/write() functions.  Additionally it allows these processes to allocate free swap pages from a selected swap partition, called the resume partition, so that they know which sectors of the resume partition are available to them. The interface uses the same low-level system memory snapshot-handling functions that are used by the built-it swap-writing/reading code of swsusp. The interface documentation is included in the patch. The patch assumes that the major and minor numbers of the snapshot device will be 10 (ie. misc device) and 231, the registration of which has already been requested. Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Acked-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-30[PATCH] Improper initrd failure message at boot timeJay Lan
On system boot up, there was an failure reported to boot.msg: <5>Trying to move old root to /initrd ... failed According to initrd(4) man page, step #7 of BOOT-UP OPERATION is described as below: 7. If the normal root file has directory /initrd, device /dev/ram0 is moved from / to /initrd. Otherwise if directory /initrd does not exist device /dev/ram0 is unmounted. We got service calls from customers concerning about this failure message at boot time. Many systems do not have /initrd and thus the message can be changed in the case of non-existing /initrd so that it does not sound like a failure of the system. Signed-off-by: Jay Lan <jlan@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-25[PATCH] init/do_mounts_initrd.c: fix sparse warningDomen Puncer
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@mail.ru> Signed-off-by: Domen Puncer <domen@coderock.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-04-16Linux-2.6.12-rc2Linus Torvalds
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history, even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about 3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good infrastructure for it. Let it rip!