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2021-08-30Merge tag 'hole_punch_for_v5.15-rc1' of ↵HEADmasterLinus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs Pull fs hole punching vs cache filling race fixes from Jan Kara: "Fix races leading to possible data corruption or stale data exposure in multiple filesystems when hole punching races with operations such as readahead. This is the series I was sending for the last merge window but with your objection fixed - now filemap_fault() has been modified to take invalidate_lock only when we need to create new page in the page cache and / or bring it uptodate" * tag 'hole_punch_for_v5.15-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs: filesystems/locking: fix Malformed table warning cifs: Fix race between hole punch and page fault ceph: Fix race between hole punch and page fault fuse: Convert to using invalidate_lock f2fs: Convert to using invalidate_lock zonefs: Convert to using invalidate_lock xfs: Convert double locking of MMAPLOCK to use VFS helpers xfs: Convert to use invalidate_lock xfs: Refactor xfs_isilocked() ext2: Convert to using invalidate_lock ext4: Convert to use mapping->invalidate_lock mm: Add functions to lock invalidate_lock for two mappings mm: Protect operations adding pages to page cache with invalidate_lock documentation: Sync file_operations members with reality mm: Fix comments mentioning i_mutex
2021-07-16zonefs: remove redundant null bio checkXianting Tian
bio_alloc() with __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM, which is included in GFP_NOFS, never fails, see comments in bio_alloc_bioset(). Signed-off-by: Xianting Tian <xianting.tian@linux.alibaba.com> Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
2021-07-13zonefs: Convert to using invalidate_lockJan Kara
Use invalidate_lock instead of zonefs' private i_mmap_sem. The intended purpose is exactly the same. CC: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> CC: Johannes Thumshirn <jth@kernel.org> CC: <linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org> Acked-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
2021-06-29mm: move page dirtying prototypes from mm.hMatthew Wilcox (Oracle)
These functions implement the address_space ->set_page_dirty operation and should live in pagemap.h, not mm.h so that the rest of the kernel doesn't get funny ideas about calling them directly. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210615162342.1669332-7-willy@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-06-29iomap: use __set_page_dirty_nobuffersMatthew Wilcox (Oracle)
The only difference between iomap_set_page_dirty() and __set_page_dirty_nobuffers() is that the latter includes a debugging check that a !Uptodate page has private data. Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210615162342.1669332-4-willy@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-04-29Merge tag 'fsnotify_for_v5.13-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs Pull fsnotify updates from Jan Kara: - support for limited fanotify functionality for unpriviledged users - faster merging of fanotify events - a few smaller fsnotify improvements * tag 'fsnotify_for_v5.13-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jack/linux-fs: shmem: allow reporting fanotify events with file handles on tmpfs fs: introduce a wrapper uuid_to_fsid() fanotify_user: use upper_32_bits() to verify mask fanotify: support limited functionality for unprivileged users fanotify: configurable limits via sysfs fanotify: limit number of event merge attempts fsnotify: use hash table for faster events merge fanotify: mix event info and pid into merge key hash fanotify: reduce event objectid to 29-bit hash fsnotify: allow fsnotify_{peek,remove}_first_event with empty queue
2021-04-19fs: introduce a wrapper uuid_to_fsid()Amir Goldstein
Some filesystem's use a digest of their uuid for f_fsid. Create a simple wrapper for this open coded folding. Filesystems that have a non null uuid but use the block device number for f_fsid may also consider using this helper. [JK: Added missing asm/byteorder.h include] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210322173944.449469-2-amir73il@gmail.com Acked-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com> Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
2021-03-17zonefs: fix to update .i_wr_refcnt correctly in zonefs_open_zone()Chao Yu
In zonefs_open_zone(), if opened zone count is larger than .s_max_open_zones threshold, we missed to recover .i_wr_refcnt, fix this. Fixes: b5c00e975779 ("zonefs: open/close zone on file open/close") Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Chao Yu <yuchao0@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
2021-03-16zonefs: Fix O_APPEND async write handlingDamien Le Moal
zonefs updates the size of a sequential zone file inode only on completion of direct writes. When executing asynchronous append writes (with a file open with O_APPEND or using RWF_APPEND), the use of the current inode size in generic_write_checks() to set an iocb offset thus leads to unaligned write if an application issues an append write operation with another write already being executed. Fix this problem by introducing zonefs_write_checks() as a modified version of generic_write_checks() using the file inode wp_offset for an append write iocb offset. Also introduce zonefs_write_check_limits() to replace generic_write_check_limits() call. This zonefs special helper makes sure that the maximum file limit used is the maximum size of the file being accessed. Since zonefs_write_checks() already truncates the iov_iter, the calls to iov_iter_truncate() in zonefs_file_dio_write() and zonefs_file_buffered_write() are removed. Fixes: 8dcc1a9d90c1 ("fs: New zonefs file system") Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
2021-03-16zonefs: prevent use of seq files as swap fileDamien Le Moal
The sequential write constraint of sequential zone file prevent their use as swap files. Only allow conventional zone files to be used as swap files. Fixes: 8dcc1a9d90c1 ("fs: New zonefs file system") Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
2021-03-11block: rename BIO_MAX_PAGES to BIO_MAX_VECSChristoph Hellwig
Ever since the addition of multipage bio_vecs BIO_MAX_PAGES has been horribly confusingly misnamed. Rename it to BIO_MAX_VECS to stop confusing users of the bio API. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210311110137.1132391-2-hch@lst.de Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2021-02-23Merge tag 'idmapped-mounts-v5.12' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brauner/linux Pull idmapped mounts from Christian Brauner: "This introduces idmapped mounts which has been in the making for some time. Simply put, different mounts can expose the same file or directory with different ownership. This initial implementation comes with ports for fat, ext4 and with Christoph's port for xfs with more filesystems being actively worked on by independent people and maintainers. Idmapping mounts handle a wide range of long standing use-cases. Here are just a few: - Idmapped mounts make it possible to easily share files between multiple users or multiple machines especially in complex scenarios. For example, idmapped mounts will be used in the implementation of portable home directories in systemd-homed.service(8) where they allow users to move their home directory to an external storage device and use it on multiple computers where they are assigned different uids and gids. This effectively makes it possible to assign random uids and gids at login time. - It is possible to share files from the host with unprivileged containers without having to change ownership permanently through chown(2). - It is possible to idmap a container's rootfs and without having to mangle every file. For example, Chromebooks use it to share the user's Download folder with their unprivileged containers in their Linux subsystem. - It is possible to share files between containers with non-overlapping idmappings. - Filesystem that lack a proper concept of ownership such as fat can use idmapped mounts to implement discretionary access (DAC) permission checking. - They allow users to efficiently changing ownership on a per-mount basis without having to (recursively) chown(2) all files. In contrast to chown (2) changing ownership of large sets of files is instantenous with idmapped mounts. This is especially useful when ownership of a whole root filesystem of a virtual machine or container is changed. With idmapped mounts a single syscall mount_setattr syscall will be sufficient to change the ownership of all files. - Idmapped mounts always take the current ownership into account as idmappings specify what a given uid or gid is supposed to be mapped to. This contrasts with the chown(2) syscall which cannot by itself take the current ownership of the files it changes into account. It simply changes the ownership to the specified uid and gid. This is especially problematic when recursively chown(2)ing a large set of files which is commong with the aforementioned portable home directory and container and vm scenario. - Idmapped mounts allow to change ownership locally, restricting it to specific mounts, and temporarily as the ownership changes only apply as long as the mount exists. Several userspace projects have either already put up patches and pull-requests for this feature or will do so should you decide to pull this: - systemd: In a wide variety of scenarios but especially right away in their implementation of portable home directories. https://systemd.io/HOME_DIRECTORY/ - container runtimes: containerd, runC, LXD:To share data between host and unprivileged containers, unprivileged and privileged containers, etc. The pull request for idmapped mounts support in containerd, the default Kubernetes runtime is already up for quite a while now: https://github.com/containerd/containerd/pull/4734 - The virtio-fs developers and several users have expressed interest in using this feature with virtual machines once virtio-fs is ported. - ChromeOS: Sharing host-directories with unprivileged containers. I've tightly synced with all those projects and all of those listed here have also expressed their need/desire for this feature on the mailing list. For more info on how people use this there's a bunch of talks about this too. Here's just two recent ones: https://www.cncf.io/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Rootless-Containers-in-Gitpod.pdf https://fosdem.org/2021/schedule/event/containers_idmap/ This comes with an extensive xfstests suite covering both ext4 and xfs: https://git.kernel.org/brauner/xfstests-dev/h/idmapped_mounts It covers truncation, creation, opening, xattrs, vfscaps, setid execution, setgid inheritance and more both with idmapped and non-idmapped mounts. It already helped to discover an unrelated xfs setgid inheritance bug which has since been fixed in mainline. It will be sent for inclusion with the xfstests project should you decide to merge this. In order to support per-mount idmappings vfsmounts are marked with user namespaces. The idmapping of the user namespace will be used to map the ids of vfs objects when they are accessed through that mount. By default all vfsmounts are marked with the initial user namespace. The initial user namespace is used to indicate that a mount is not idmapped. All operations behave as before and this is verified in the testsuite. Based on prior discussions we want to attach the whole user namespace and not just a dedicated idmapping struct. This allows us to reuse all the helpers that already exist for dealing with idmappings instead of introducing a whole new range of helpers. In addition, if we decide in the future that we are confident enough to enable unprivileged users to setup idmapped mounts the permission checking can take into account whether the caller is privileged in the user namespace the mount is currently marked with. The user namespace the mount will be marked with can be specified by passing a file descriptor refering to the user namespace as an argument to the new mount_setattr() syscall together with the new MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP flag. The system call follows the openat2() pattern of extensibility. The following conditions must be met in order to create an idmapped mount: - The caller must currently have the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability in the user namespace the underlying filesystem has been mounted in. - The underlying filesystem must support idmapped mounts. - The mount must not already be idmapped. This also implies that the idmapping of a mount cannot be altered once it has been idmapped. - The mount must be a detached/anonymous mount, i.e. it must have been created by calling open_tree() with the OPEN_TREE_CLONE flag and it must not already have been visible in the filesystem. The last two points guarantee easier semantics for userspace and the kernel and make the implementation significantly simpler. By default vfsmounts are marked with the initial user namespace and no behavioral or performance changes are observed. The manpage with a detailed description can be found here: https://git.kernel.org/brauner/man-pages/c/1d7b902e2875a1ff342e036a9f866a995640aea8 In order to support idmapped mounts, filesystems need to be changed and mark themselves with the FS_ALLOW_IDMAP flag in fs_flags. The patches to convert individual filesystem are not very large or complicated overall as can be seen from the included fat, ext4, and xfs ports. Patches for other filesystems are actively worked on and will be sent out separately. The xfstestsuite can be used to verify that port has been done correctly. The mount_setattr() syscall is motivated independent of the idmapped mounts patches and it's been around since July 2019. One of the most valuable features of the new mount api is the ability to perform mounts based on file descriptors only. Together with the lookup restrictions available in the openat2() RESOLVE_* flag namespace which we added in v5.6 this is the first time we are close to hardened and race-free (e.g. symlinks) mounting and path resolution. While userspace has started porting to the new mount api to mount proper filesystems and create new bind-mounts it is currently not possible to change mount options of an already existing bind mount in the new mount api since the mount_setattr() syscall is missing. With the addition of the mount_setattr() syscall we remove this last restriction and userspace can now fully port to the new mount api, covering every use-case the old mount api could. We also add the crucial ability to recursively change mount options for a whole mount tree, both removing and adding mount options at the same time. This syscall has been requested multiple times by various people and projects. There is a simple tool available at https://github.com/brauner/mount-idmapped that allows to create idmapped mounts so people can play with this patch series. I'll add support for the regular mount binary should you decide to pull this in the following weeks: Here's an example to a simple idmapped mount of another user's home directory: u1001@f2-vm:/$ sudo ./mount --idmap both:1000:1001:1 /home/ubuntu/ /mnt u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /home/ubuntu/ total 28 drwxr-xr-x 2 ubuntu ubuntu 4096 Oct 28 22:07 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Oct 28 04:00 .. -rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 3154 Oct 28 22:12 .bash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 220 Feb 25 2020 .bash_logout -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 3771 Feb 25 2020 .bashrc -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 807 Feb 25 2020 .profile -rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 0 Oct 16 16:11 .sudo_as_admin_successful -rw------- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 1144 Oct 28 00:43 .viminfo u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /mnt/ total 28 drwxr-xr-x 2 u1001 u1001 4096 Oct 28 22:07 . drwxr-xr-x 29 root root 4096 Oct 28 22:01 .. -rw------- 1 u1001 u1001 3154 Oct 28 22:12 .bash_history -rw-r--r-- 1 u1001 u1001 220 Feb 25 2020 .bash_logout -rw-r--r-- 1 u1001 u1001 3771 Feb 25 2020 .bashrc -rw-r--r-- 1 u1001 u1001 807 Feb 25 2020 .profile -rw-r--r-- 1 u1001 u1001 0 Oct 16 16:11 .sudo_as_admin_successful -rw------- 1 u1001 u1001 1144 Oct 28 00:43 .viminfo u1001@f2-vm:/$ touch /mnt/my-file u1001@f2-vm:/$ setfacl -m u:1001:rwx /mnt/my-file u1001@f2-vm:/$ sudo setcap -n 1001 cap_net_raw+ep /mnt/my-file u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /mnt/my-file -rw-rwxr--+ 1 u1001 u1001 0 Oct 28 22:14 /mnt/my-file u1001@f2-vm:/$ ls -al /home/ubuntu/my-file -rw-rwxr--+ 1 ubuntu ubuntu 0 Oct 28 22:14 /home/ubuntu/my-file u1001@f2-vm:/$ getfacl /mnt/my-file getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names # file: mnt/my-file # owner: u1001 # group: u1001 user::rw- user:u1001:rwx group::rw- mask::rwx other::r-- u1001@f2-vm:/$ getfacl /home/ubuntu/my-file getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names # file: home/ubuntu/my-file # owner: ubuntu # group: ubuntu user::rw- user:ubuntu:rwx group::rw- mask::rwx other::r--" * tag 'idmapped-mounts-v5.12' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/brauner/linux: (41 commits) xfs: remove the possibly unused mp variable in xfs_file_compat_ioctl xfs: support idmapped mounts ext4: support idmapped mounts fat: handle idmapped mounts tests: add mount_setattr() selftests fs: introduce MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP fs: add mount_setattr() fs: add attr_flags_to_mnt_flags helper fs: split out functions to hold writers namespace: only take read lock in do_reconfigure_mnt() mount: make {lock,unlock}_mount_hash() static namespace: take lock_mount_hash() directly when changing flags nfs: do not export idmapped mounts overlayfs: do not mount on top of idmapped mounts ecryptfs: do not mount on top of idmapped mounts ima: handle idmapped mounts apparmor: handle idmapped mounts fs: make helpers idmap mount aware exec: handle idmapped mounts would_dump: handle idmapped mounts ...
2021-02-22Merge tag 'zonefs-5.12-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dlemoal/zonefs Pull zonefs updates from Damien Le Moal: "Two changes: - A fix that did not make it in time for 5.11, to correct the file size initialization of full sequential zone, from Shin'ichiro - Add file operation tracepoints to help with debugging, from Johannes" * tag 'zonefs-5.12-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dlemoal/zonefs: zonefs: Fix file size of zones in full condition zonefs: add tracepoints for file operations
2021-02-21Merge tag 'for-5.12/block-2021-02-17' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-blockLinus Torvalds
Pull core block updates from Jens Axboe: "Another nice round of removing more code than what is added, mostly due to Christoph's relentless pursuit of tech debt removal/cleanups. This pull request contains: - Two series of BFQ improvements (Paolo, Jan, Jia) - Block iov_iter improvements (Pavel) - bsg error path fix (Pan) - blk-mq scheduler improvements (Jan) - -EBUSY discard fix (Jan) - bvec allocation improvements (Ming, Christoph) - bio allocation and init improvements (Christoph) - Store bdev pointer in bio instead of gendisk + partno (Christoph) - Block trace point cleanups (Christoph) - hard read-only vs read-only split (Christoph) - Block based swap cleanups (Christoph) - Zoned write granularity support (Damien) - Various fixes/tweaks (Chunguang, Guoqing, Lei, Lukas, Huhai)" * tag 'for-5.12/block-2021-02-17' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (104 commits) mm: simplify swapdev_block sd_zbc: clear zone resources for non-zoned case block: introduce blk_queue_clear_zone_settings() zonefs: use zone write granularity as block size block: introduce zone_write_granularity limit block: use blk_queue_set_zoned in add_partition() nullb: use blk_queue_set_zoned() to setup zoned devices nvme: cleanup zone information initialization block: document zone_append_max_bytes attribute block: use bi_max_vecs to find the bvec pool md/raid10: remove dead code in reshape_request block: mark the bio as cloned in bio_iov_bvec_set block: set BIO_NO_PAGE_REF in bio_iov_bvec_set block: remove a layer of indentation in bio_iov_iter_get_pages block: turn the nr_iovecs argument to bio_alloc* into an unsigned short block: remove the 1 and 4 vec bvec_slabs entries block: streamline bvec_alloc block: factor out a bvec_alloc_gfp helper block: move struct biovec_slab to bio.c block: reuse BIO_INLINE_VECS for integrity bvecs ...
2021-02-18zonefs: Fix file size of zones in full conditionShin'ichiro Kawasaki
Per ZBC/ZAC/ZNS specifications, write pointers may not have valid values when zones are in full condition. However, when zonefs mounts a zoned block device, zonefs refers write pointers to set file size even when the zones are in full condition. This results in wrong file size. To fix this, refer maximum file size in place of write pointers for zones in full condition. Signed-off-by: Shin'ichiro Kawasaki <shinichiro.kawasaki@wdc.com> Fixes: 8dcc1a9d90c1 ("fs: New zonefs file system") Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # 5.6+ Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
2021-02-16zonefs: add tracepoints for file operationsJohannes Thumshirn
Add tracepoints for file I/O operations to aid in debugging of I/O errors with zonefs. The added tracepoints are in: - zonefs_zone_mgmt() for tracing zone management operations - zonefs_iomap_begin() for tracing regular file I/O - zonefs_file_dio_append() for tracing zone-append operations Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
2021-02-10zonefs: use zone write granularity as block sizeDamien Le Moal
Zoned block devices have different granularity constraints for write operations into sequential zones. E.g. ZBC and ZAC devices require that writes be aligned to the device physical block size while NVMe ZNS devices allow logical block size aligned write operations. To correctly handle such difference, use the device zone write granularity limit to set the block size of a zonefs volume, thus allowing the smallest possible write unit for all zoned device types. Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@edc.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2021-01-27block: use an on-stack bio in blkdev_issue_flushChristoph Hellwig
There is no point in allocating memory for a synchronous flush. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com> Acked-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2021-01-27zonefs: use bio_alloc in zonefs_file_dio_appendChristoph Hellwig
Use bio_alloc instead of open coding it. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com> Acked-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2021-01-24fs: make helpers idmap mount awareChristian Brauner
Extend some inode methods with an additional user namespace argument. A filesystem that is aware of idmapped mounts will receive the user namespace the mount has been marked with. This can be used for additional permission checking and also to enable filesystems to translate between uids and gids if they need to. We have implemented all relevant helpers in earlier patches. As requested we simply extend the exisiting inode method instead of introducing new ones. This is a little more code churn but it's mostly mechanical and doesnt't leave us with additional inode methods. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210121131959.646623-25-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
2021-01-24attr: handle idmapped mountsChristian Brauner
When file attributes are changed most filesystems rely on the setattr_prepare(), setattr_copy(), and notify_change() helpers for initialization and permission checking. Let them handle idmapped mounts. If the inode is accessed through an idmapped mount map it into the mount's user namespace. Afterwards the checks are identical to non-idmapped mounts. If the initial user namespace is passed nothing changes so non-idmapped mounts will see identical behavior as before. Helpers that perform checks on the ia_uid and ia_gid fields in struct iattr assume that ia_uid and ia_gid are intended values and have already been mapped correctly at the userspace-kernelspace boundary as we already do today. If the initial user namespace is passed nothing changes so non-idmapped mounts will see identical behavior as before. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210121131959.646623-8-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
2021-01-24inode: make init and permission helpers idmapped mount awareChristian Brauner
The inode_owner_or_capable() helper determines whether the caller is the owner of the inode or is capable with respect to that inode. Allow it to handle idmapped mounts. If the inode is accessed through an idmapped mount it according to the mount's user namespace. Afterwards the checks are identical to non-idmapped mounts. If the initial user namespace is passed nothing changes so non-idmapped mounts will see identical behavior as before. Similarly, allow the inode_init_owner() helper to handle idmapped mounts. It initializes a new inode on idmapped mounts by mapping the fsuid and fsgid of the caller from the mount's user namespace. If the initial user namespace is passed nothing changes so non-idmapped mounts will see identical behavior as before. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210121131959.646623-7-christian.brauner@ubuntu.com Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: James Morris <jamorris@linux.microsoft.com> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
2021-01-23iomap: pass a flags argument to iomap_dio_rwChristoph Hellwig
Pass a set of flags to iomap_dio_rw instead of the boolean wait_for_completion argument. The IOMAP_DIO_FORCE_WAIT flag replaces the wait_for_completion, but only needs to be passed when the iocb isn't synchronous to start with to simplify the callers. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com> [djwong: rework xfs_file.c so that we can push iomap changes separately] Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org>
2021-01-04zonefs: select CONFIG_CRC32Arnd Bergmann
When CRC32 is disabled, zonefs cannot be linked: ld: fs/zonefs/super.o: in function `zonefs_fill_super': Add a Kconfig 'select' statement for it. Fixes: 8dcc1a9d90c1 ("fs: New zonefs file system") Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
2020-12-10zonefs: fix page reference and BIO leakDamien Le Moal
In zonefs_file_dio_append(), the pages obtained using bio_iov_iter_get_pages() are not released on completion of the REQ_OP_APPEND BIO, nor when bio_iov_iter_get_pages() fails. Furthermore, a call to bio_put() is missing when bio_iov_iter_get_pages() fails. Fix these resource leaks by adding BIO resource release code (bio_put()i and bio_release_pages()) at the end of the function after the BIO execution and add a jump to this resource cleanup code in case of bio_iov_iter_get_pages() failure. While at it, also fix the call to task_io_account_write() to be passed the correct BIO size instead of bio_iov_iter_get_pages() return value. Reported-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Fixes: 02ef12a663c7 ("zonefs: use REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND for sync DIO") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
2020-10-24Merge branch 'work.misc' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull misc vfs updates from Al Viro: "Assorted stuff all over the place (the largest group here is Christoph's stat cleanups)" * 'work.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: fs: remove KSTAT_QUERY_FLAGS fs: remove vfs_stat_set_lookup_flags fs: move vfs_fstatat out of line fs: implement vfs_stat and vfs_lstat in terms of vfs_fstatat fs: remove vfs_statx_fd fs: omfs: use kmemdup() rather than kmalloc+memcpy [PATCH] reduce boilerplate in fsid handling fs: Remove duplicated flag O_NDELAY occurring twice in VALID_OPEN_FLAGS selftests: mount: add nosymfollow tests Add a "nosymfollow" mount option.
2020-09-18[PATCH] reduce boilerplate in fsid handlingAl Viro
Get rid of boilerplate in most of ->statfs() instances... Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2020-09-15zonefs: open/close zone on file open/closeJohannes Thumshirn
NVMe Zoned Namespace introduced the concept of active zones, which are zones in the implicit open, explicit open or closed condition. Drives may have a limit on the number of zones that can be simultaneously active. This potential limitation translate into a risk for applications to see write IO errors due to this limit if the zone of a file being written to is not already active when a write request is issued. To avoid these potential errors, the zone of a file can explicitly be made active using an open zone command when the file is open for the first time. If the zone open command succeeds, the application is then guaranteed that write requests can be processed. This indirect management of active zones relies on the maximum number of open zones of a drive, which is always lower or equal to the maximum number of active zones. On the first open of a sequential zone file, send a REQ_OP_ZONE_OPEN command to the block device. Conversely, on the last release of a zone file and send a REQ_OP_ZONE_CLOSE to the device if the zone is not full or empty. As truncating a zone file to 0 or max can deactivate a zone as well, we need to serialize against truncates and also be careful not to close a zone as the file may still be open for writing, e.g. the user called ftruncate(). If the zone file is not open and a process does a truncate(), then no close operation is needed. Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
2020-09-15zonefs: provide no-lock zonefs_io_error variantJohannes Thumshirn
Subsequent patches need to call zonefs_io_error() with the i_truncate_mutex already held, so factor out the body of zonefs_io_error() into __zonefs_io_error() which can be called from with the i_truncate_mutex held. Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
2020-09-15zonefs: introduce helper for zone managementJohannes Thumshirn
Introduce a helper function for sending zone management commands to the block device. As zone management commands can change a zone write pointer position reflected in the size of the zone file, this function expects the truncate mutex to be held. Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
2020-08-11zonefs: add zone-capacity supportJohannes Thumshirn
In the zoned storage model, the sectors within a zone are typically all writeable. With the introduction of the Zoned Namespace (ZNS) Command Set in the NVM Express organization, the model was extended to have a specific writeable capacity. This zone capacity can be less than the overall zone size for a NVMe ZNS device or null_blk in zoned-mode. For other ZBC/ZAC devices the zone capacity is always equal to the zone size. Use the zone capacity field instead from blk_zone for determining the maximum inode size and inode blocks in zonefs. Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
2020-08-06Merge tag 'iomap-5.9-merge-5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linuxLinus Torvalds
Pull iomap updates from Darrick Wong: "The most notable changes are: - iomap no longer invalidates the page cache when performing a direct read, since doing so is unnecessary and the old directio code doesn't do that either. - iomap embraced the use of returning ENOTBLK from a direct write to trigger falling back to a buffered write since ext4 already did this and btrfs wants it for their port. - iomap falls back to buffered writes if we're doing a direct write and the page cache invalidation after the flush fails; this was necessary to handle a corner case in the btrfs port. - Remove email virus scanner detritus that was accidentally included in yesterday's pull request. Clearly I need(ed) to update my git branch checker scripts. :(" * tag 'iomap-5.9-merge-5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux: iomap: fall back to buffered writes for invalidation failures xfs: use ENOTBLK for direct I/O to buffered I/O fallback iomap: Only invalidate page cache pages on direct IO writes iomap: Make sure iomap_end is called after iomap_begin
2020-08-05iomap: fall back to buffered writes for invalidation failuresChristoph Hellwig
Failing to invalid the page cache means data in incoherent, which is a very bad state for the system. Always fall back to buffered I/O through the page cache if we can't invalidate mappings. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Acked-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Acked-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com> Acked-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> # for ext4 Reviewed-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> # for gfs2 Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani <riteshh@linux.ibm.com>
2020-07-20zonefs: count pages after truncating the iteratorJohannes Thumshirn
Count pages after possibly truncating the iterator to the maximum zone append size, not before. Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
2020-07-20zonefs: Fix compilation warningDamien Le Moal
Avoid the compilation warning "Variable 'ret' is reassigned a value before the old one has been used." in zonefs_create_zgroup() by setting ret for the error path only if an error happens. Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
2020-06-04Merge tag 'zonefs-5.8-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dlemoal/zonefs Pull zonefs update from Damien Le Moal: "Only one patch in this pull request to cleanup handling of uuid using the import_uuid() helper, from Andy" * tag 'zonefs-5.8-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dlemoal/zonefs: zonefs: Replace uuid_copy() with import_uuid()
2020-06-02Merge tag 'for-5.8/block-2020-06-01' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-blockLinus Torvalds
Pull block updates from Jens Axboe: "Core block changes that have been queued up for this release: - Remove dead blk-throttle and blk-wbt code (Guoqing) - Include pid in blktrace note traces (Jan) - Don't spew I/O errors on wouldblock termination (me) - Zone append addition (Johannes, Keith, Damien) - IO accounting improvements (Konstantin, Christoph) - blk-mq hardware map update improvements (Ming) - Scheduler dispatch improvement (Salman) - Inline block encryption support (Satya) - Request map fixes and improvements (Weiping) - blk-iocost tweaks (Tejun) - Fix for timeout failing with error injection (Keith) - Queue re-run fixes (Douglas) - CPU hotplug improvements (Christoph) - Queue entry/exit improvements (Christoph) - Move DMA drain handling to the few drivers that use it (Christoph) - Partition handling cleanups (Christoph)" * tag 'for-5.8/block-2020-06-01' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (127 commits) block: mark bio_wouldblock_error() bio with BIO_QUIET blk-wbt: rename __wbt_update_limits to wbt_update_limits blk-wbt: remove wbt_update_limits blk-throttle: remove tg_drain_bios blk-throttle: remove blk_throtl_drain null_blk: force complete for timeout request blk-mq: drain I/O when all CPUs in a hctx are offline blk-mq: add blk_mq_all_tag_iter blk-mq: open code __blk_mq_alloc_request in blk_mq_alloc_request_hctx blk-mq: use BLK_MQ_NO_TAG in more places blk-mq: rename BLK_MQ_TAG_FAIL to BLK_MQ_NO_TAG blk-mq: move more request initialization to blk_mq_rq_ctx_init blk-mq: simplify the blk_mq_get_request calling convention blk-mq: remove the bio argument to ->prepare_request nvme: force complete cancelled requests blk-mq: blk-mq: provide forced completion method block: fix a warning when blkdev.h is included for !CONFIG_BLOCK builds block: blk-crypto-fallback: remove redundant initialization of variable err block: reduce part_stat_lock() scope block: use __this_cpu_add() instead of access by smp_processor_id() ...
2020-06-02iomap: convert from readpages to readaheadMatthew Wilcox (Oracle)
Use the new readahead operation in iomap. Convert XFS and ZoneFS to use it. Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com> Cc: Chao Yu <yuchao0@huawei.com> Cc: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com> Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com> Cc: Gao Xiang <gaoxiang25@huawei.com> Cc: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org> Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com> Cc: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com> Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Cc: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200414150233.24495-26-willy@infradead.org Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2020-05-22block: remove the error_sector argument to blkdev_issue_flushChristoph Hellwig
The argument isn't used by any caller, and drivers don't fill out bi_sector for flush requests either. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2020-05-12zonefs: use REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND for sync DIOJohannes Thumshirn
Synchronous direct I/O to a sequential write only zone can be issued using the new REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND request operation. As dispatching multiple BIOs can potentially result in reordering, we cannot support asynchronous IO via this interface. We also can only dispatch up to queue_max_zone_append_sectors() via the new zone-append method and have to return a short write back to user-space in case an IO larger than queue_max_zone_append_sectors() has been issued. Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Acked-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2020-04-27zonefs: Replace uuid_copy() with import_uuid()Andy Shevchenko
There is a specific API to treat raw data as UUID, i.e. import_uuid(). Use it instead of uuid_copy() with explicit casting. Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
2020-03-25zonfs: Fix handling of read-only zonesDamien Le Moal
The write pointer of zones in the read-only consition is defined as invalid by the SCSI ZBC and ATA ZAC specifications. It is thus not possible to determine the correct size of a read-only zone file on mount. Fix this by handling read-only zones in the same manner as offline zones by disabling all accesses to the zone (read and write) and initializing the inode size of the read-only zone to 0). For zones found to be in the read-only condition at runtime, only disable write access to the zone and keep the size of the zone file to its last updated value to allow the user to recover previously written data. Also fix zonefs documentation file to reflect this change. Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
2020-02-26zonefs: select FS_IOMAPJohannes Thumshirn
Zonefs makes use of iomap internally, so it should also select iomap in Kconfig. Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com> Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
2020-02-26zonefs: fix IOCB_NOWAIT handlingChristoph Hellwig
IOCB_NOWAIT can't just be ignored as it breaks applications expecting it not to block. Just refuse the operation as applications must handle that (e.g. by falling back to a thread pool). Fixes: 8dcc1a9d90c1 ("fs: New zonefs file system") Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
2020-02-07fs: New zonefs file systemDamien Le Moal
zonefs is a very simple file system exposing each zone of a zoned block device as a file. Unlike a regular file system with zoned block device support (e.g. f2fs), zonefs does not hide the sequential write constraint of zoned block devices to the user. Files representing sequential write zones of the device must be written sequentially starting from the end of the file (append only writes). As such, zonefs is in essence closer to a raw block device access interface than to a full featured POSIX file system. The goal of zonefs is to simplify the implementation of zoned block device support in applications by replacing raw block device file accesses with a richer file API, avoiding relying on direct block device file ioctls which may be more obscure to developers. One example of this approach is the implementation of LSM (log-structured merge) tree structures (such as used in RocksDB and LevelDB) on zoned block devices by allowing SSTables to be stored in a zone file similarly to a regular file system rather than as a range of sectors of a zoned device. The introduction of the higher level construct "one file is one zone" can help reducing the amount of changes needed in the application as well as introducing support for different application programming languages. Zonefs on-disk metadata is reduced to an immutable super block to persistently store a magic number and optional feature flags and values. On mount, zonefs uses blkdev_report_zones() to obtain the device zone configuration and populates the mount point with a static file tree solely based on this information. E.g. file sizes come from the device zone type and write pointer offset managed by the device itself. The zone files created on mount have the following characteristics. 1) Files representing zones of the same type are grouped together under a common sub-directory: * For conventional zones, the sub-directory "cnv" is used. * For sequential write zones, the sub-directory "seq" is used. These two directories are the only directories that exist in zonefs. Users cannot create other directories and cannot rename nor delete the "cnv" and "seq" sub-directories. 2) The name of zone files is the number of the file within the zone type sub-directory, in order of increasing zone start sector. 3) The size of conventional zone files is fixed to the device zone size. Conventional zone files cannot be truncated. 4) The size of sequential zone files represent the file's zone write pointer position relative to the zone start sector. Truncating these files is allowed only down to 0, in which case, the zone is reset to rewind the zone write pointer position to the start of the zone, or up to the zone size, in which case the file's zone is transitioned to the FULL state (finish zone operation). 5) All read and write operations to files are not allowed beyond the file zone size. Any access exceeding the zone size is failed with the -EFBIG error. 6) Creating, deleting, renaming or modifying any attribute of files and sub-directories is not allowed. 7) There are no restrictions on the type of read and write operations that can be issued to conventional zone files. Buffered, direct and mmap read & write operations are accepted. For sequential zone files, there are no restrictions on read operations, but all write operations must be direct IO append writes. mmap write of sequential files is not allowed. Several optional features of zonefs can be enabled at format time. * Conventional zone aggregation: ranges of contiguous conventional zones can be aggregated into a single larger file instead of the default one file per zone. * File ownership: The owner UID and GID of zone files is by default 0 (root) but can be changed to any valid UID/GID. * File access permissions: the default 640 access permissions can be changed. The mkzonefs tool is used to format zoned block devices for use with zonefs. This tool is available on Github at: git@github.com:damien-lemoal/zonefs-tools.git. zonefs-tools also includes a test suite which can be run against any zoned block device, including null_blk block device created with zoned mode. Example: the following formats a 15TB host-managed SMR HDD with 256 MB zones with the conventional zones aggregation feature enabled. $ sudo mkzonefs -o aggr_cnv /dev/sdX $ sudo mount -t zonefs /dev/sdX /mnt $ ls -l /mnt/ total 0 dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 1 Nov 25 13:23 cnv dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 55356 Nov 25 13:23 seq The size of the zone files sub-directories indicate the number of files existing for each type of zones. In this example, there is only one conventional zone file (all conventional zones are aggregated under a single file). $ ls -l /mnt/cnv total 137101312 -rw-r----- 1 root root 140391743488 Nov 25 13:23 0 This aggregated conventional zone file can be used as a regular file. $ sudo mkfs.ext4 /mnt/cnv/0 $ sudo mount -o loop /mnt/cnv/0 /data The "seq" sub-directory grouping files for sequential write zones has in this example 55356 zones. $ ls -lv /mnt/seq total 14511243264 -rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Nov 25 13:23 0 -rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Nov 25 13:23 1 -rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Nov 25 13:23 2 ... -rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Nov 25 13:23 55354 -rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Nov 25 13:23 55355 For sequential write zone files, the file size changes as data is appended at the end of the file, similarly to any regular file system. $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/seq/0 bs=4K count=1 conv=notrunc oflag=direct 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 4096 bytes (4.1 kB, 4.0 KiB) copied, 0.000452219 s, 9.1 MB/s $ ls -l /mnt/seq/0 -rw-r----- 1 root root 4096 Nov 25 13:23 /mnt/seq/0 The written file can be truncated to the zone size, preventing any further write operation. $ truncate -s 268435456 /mnt/seq/0 $ ls -l /mnt/seq/0 -rw-r----- 1 root root 268435456 Nov 25 13:49 /mnt/seq/0 Truncation to 0 size allows freeing the file zone storage space and restart append-writes to the file. $ truncate -s 0 /mnt/seq/0 $ ls -l /mnt/seq/0 -rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Nov 25 13:49 /mnt/seq/0 Since files are statically mapped to zones on the disk, the number of blocks of a file as reported by stat() and fstat() indicates the size of the file zone. $ stat /mnt/seq/0 File: /mnt/seq/0 Size: 0 Blocks: 524288 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file Device: 870h/2160d Inode: 50431 Links: 1 Access: (0640/-rw-r-----) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2019-11-25 13:23:57.048971997 +0900 Modify: 2019-11-25 13:52:25.553805765 +0900 Change: 2019-11-25 13:52:25.553805765 +0900 Birth: - The number of blocks of the file ("Blocks") in units of 512B blocks gives the maximum file size of 524288 * 512 B = 256 MB, corresponding to the device zone size in this example. Of note is that the "IO block" field always indicates the minimum IO size for writes and corresponds to the device physical sector size. This code contains contributions from: * Johannes Thumshirn <jthumshirn@suse.de>, * Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>, * Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>, * Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com> and * Ting Yao <tingyao@hust.edu.cn>. Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>