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2016-05-17Merge branch 'work.preadv2' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull vfs cleanups from Al Viro: "More cleanups from Christoph" * 'work.preadv2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: nfsd: use RWF_SYNC fs: add RWF_DSYNC aand RWF_SYNC ceph: use generic_write_sync fs: simplify the generic_write_sync prototype fs: add IOCB_SYNC and IOCB_DSYNC direct-io: remove the offset argument to dio_complete direct-io: eliminate the offset argument to ->direct_IO xfs: eliminate the pos variable in xfs_file_dio_aio_write filemap: remove the pos argument to generic_file_direct_write filemap: remove pos variables in generic_file_read_iter
2016-05-09more trivial ->iterate_shared conversionsAl Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2016-05-02make ext2_get_page() and friends work without external serializationAl Viro
Right now ext2_get_page() (and its analogues in a bunch of other filesystems) relies upon the directory being locked - the way it sets and tests Checked and Error bits would be racy without that. Switch to a slightly different scheme, _not_ setting Checked in case of failure. That way the logics becomes if Checked => OK else if Error => fail else if !validate => fail else => OK with validation setting Checked or Error on success and failure resp. and returning which one had happened. Equivalent to the current logics, but unlike the current logics not sensitive to the order of set_bit, test_bit getting reordered by CPU, etc. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2016-05-02Merge getxattr prototype change into work.lookupsAl Viro
The rest of work.xattr stuff isn't needed for this branch
2016-05-01direct-io: eliminate the offset argument to ->direct_IOChristoph Hellwig
Including blkdev_direct_IO and dax_do_io. It has to be ki_pos to actually work, so eliminate the superflous argument. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2016-04-10don't bother with ->d_inode->i_sb - it's always equal to ->d_sbAl Viro
... and neither can ever be NULL Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2016-04-04mm, fs: get rid of PAGE_CACHE_* and page_cache_{get,release} macrosKirill A. Shutemov
PAGE_CACHE_{SIZE,SHIFT,MASK,ALIGN} macros were introduced *long* time ago with promise that one day it will be possible to implement page cache with bigger chunks than PAGE_SIZE. This promise never materialized. And unlikely will. We have many places where PAGE_CACHE_SIZE assumed to be equal to PAGE_SIZE. And it's constant source of confusion on whether PAGE_CACHE_* or PAGE_* constant should be used in a particular case, especially on the border between fs and mm. Global switching to PAGE_CACHE_SIZE != PAGE_SIZE would cause to much breakage to be doable. Let's stop pretending that pages in page cache are special. They are not. The changes are pretty straight-forward: - <foo> << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT) -> <foo>; - <foo> >> (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT) -> <foo>; - PAGE_CACHE_{SIZE,SHIFT,MASK,ALIGN} -> PAGE_{SIZE,SHIFT,MASK,ALIGN}; - page_cache_get() -> get_page(); - page_cache_release() -> put_page(); This patch contains automated changes generated with coccinelle using script below. For some reason, coccinelle doesn't patch header files. I've called spatch for them manually. The only adjustment after coccinelle is revert of changes to PAGE_CAHCE_ALIGN definition: we are going to drop it later. There are few places in the code where coccinelle didn't reach. I'll fix them manually in a separate patch. Comments and documentation also will be addressed with the separate patch. virtual patch @@ expression E; @@ - E << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT) + E @@ expression E; @@ - E >> (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - PAGE_SHIFT) + E @@ @@ - PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT + PAGE_SHIFT @@ @@ - PAGE_CACHE_SIZE + PAGE_SIZE @@ @@ - PAGE_CACHE_MASK + PAGE_MASK @@ expression E; @@ - PAGE_CACHE_ALIGN(E) + PAGE_ALIGN(E) @@ expression E; @@ - page_cache_get(E) + get_page(E) @@ expression E; @@ - page_cache_release(E) + put_page(E) Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-17mm: introduce page reference manipulation functionsJoonsoo Kim
The success of CMA allocation largely depends on the success of migration and key factor of it is page reference count. Until now, page reference is manipulated by direct calling atomic functions so we cannot follow up who and where manipulate it. Then, it is hard to find actual reason of CMA allocation failure. CMA allocation should be guaranteed to succeed so finding offending place is really important. In this patch, call sites where page reference is manipulated are converted to introduced wrapper function. This is preparation step to add tracepoint to each page reference manipulation function. With this facility, we can easily find reason of CMA allocation failure. There is no functional change in this patch. In addition, this patch also converts reference read sites. It will help a second step that renames page._count to something else and prevents later attempt to direct access to it (Suggested by Andrew). Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Acked-by: Michal Nazarewicz <mina86@mina86.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com> Cc: Sergey Senozhatsky <sergey.senozhatsky.work@gmail.com> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-01-22wrappers for ->i_mutex accessAl Viro
parallel to mutex_{lock,unlock,trylock,is_locked,lock_nested}, inode_foo(inode) being mutex_foo(&inode->i_mutex). Please, use those for access to ->i_mutex; over the coming cycle ->i_mutex will become rwsem, with ->lookup() done with it held only shared. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2016-01-14kmemcg: account certain kmem allocations to memcgVladimir Davydov
Mark those kmem allocations that are known to be easily triggered from userspace as __GFP_ACCOUNT/SLAB_ACCOUNT, which makes them accounted to memcg. For the list, see below: - threadinfo - task_struct - task_delay_info - pid - cred - mm_struct - vm_area_struct and vm_region (nommu) - anon_vma and anon_vma_chain - signal_struct - sighand_struct - fs_struct - files_struct - fdtable and fdtable->full_fds_bits - dentry and external_name - inode for all filesystems. This is the most tedious part, because most filesystems overwrite the alloc_inode method. The list is far from complete, so feel free to add more objects. Nevertheless, it should be close to "account everything" approach and keep most workloads within bounds. Malevolent users will be able to breach the limit, but this was possible even with the former "account everything" approach (simply because it did not account everything in fact). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-01-12Merge branch 'work.misc' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull misc vfs updates from Al Viro: "All kinds of stuff. That probably should've been 5 or 6 separate branches, but by the time I'd realized how large and mixed that bag had become it had been too close to -final to play with rebasing. Some fs/namei.c cleanups there, memdup_user_nul() introduction and switching open-coded instances, burying long-dead code, whack-a-mole of various kinds, several new helpers for ->llseek(), assorted cleanups and fixes from various people, etc. One piece probably deserves special mention - Neil's lookup_one_len_unlocked(). Similar to lookup_one_len(), but gets called without ->i_mutex and tries to avoid ever taking it. That, of course, means that it's not useful for any directory modifications, but things like getting inode attributes in nfds readdirplus are fine with that. I really should've asked for moratorium on lookup-related changes this cycle, but since I hadn't done that early enough... I *am* asking for that for the coming cycle, though - I'm going to try and get conversion of i_mutex to rwsem with ->lookup() done under lock taken shared. There will be a patch closer to the end of the window, along the lines of the one Linus had posted last May - mechanical conversion of ->i_mutex accesses to inode_lock()/inode_unlock()/inode_trylock()/ inode_is_locked()/inode_lock_nested(). To quote Linus back then: ----- | This is an automated patch using | | sed 's/mutex_lock(&\(.*\)->i_mutex)/inode_lock(\1)/' | sed 's/mutex_unlock(&\(.*\)->i_mutex)/inode_unlock(\1)/' | sed 's/mutex_lock_nested(&\(.*\)->i_mutex,[ ]*I_MUTEX_\([A-Z0-9_]*\))/inode_lock_nested(\1, I_MUTEX_\2)/' | sed 's/mutex_is_locked(&\(.*\)->i_mutex)/inode_is_locked(\1)/' | sed 's/mutex_trylock(&\(.*\)->i_mutex)/inode_trylock(\1)/' | | with a very few manual fixups ----- I'm going to send that once the ->i_mutex-affecting stuff in -next gets mostly merged (or when Linus says he's about to stop taking merges)" * 'work.misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (63 commits) nfsd: don't hold i_mutex over userspace upcalls fs:affs:Replace time_t with time64_t fs/9p: use fscache mutex rather than spinlock proc: add a reschedule point in proc_readfd_common() logfs: constify logfs_block_ops structures fcntl: allow to set O_DIRECT flag on pipe fs: __generic_file_splice_read retry lookup on AOP_TRUNCATED_PAGE fs: xattr: Use kvfree() [s390] page_to_phys() always returns a multiple of PAGE_SIZE nbd: use ->compat_ioctl() fs: use block_device name vsprintf helper lib/vsprintf: add %*pg format specifier fs: use gendisk->disk_name where possible poll: plug an unused argument to do_poll amdkfd: don't open-code memdup_user() cdrom: don't open-code memdup_user() rsxx: don't open-code memdup_user() mtip32xx: don't open-code memdup_user() [um] mconsole: don't open-code memdup_user_nul() [um] hostaudio: don't open-code memdup_user() ...
2016-01-06fs: use block_device name vsprintf helperDmitry Monakhov
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Monakhov <dmonakhov@openvz.org> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2015-12-30switch ->get_link() to delayed_call, kill ->put_link()Al Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2015-12-08replace ->follow_link() with new method that could stay in RCU modeAl Viro
new method: ->get_link(); replacement of ->follow_link(). The differences are: * inode and dentry are passed separately * might be called both in RCU and non-RCU mode; the former is indicated by passing it a NULL dentry. * when called that way it isn't allowed to block and should return ERR_PTR(-ECHILD) if it needs to be called in non-RCU mode. It's a flagday change - the old method is gone, all in-tree instances converted. Conversion isn't hard; said that, so far very few instances do not immediately bail out when called in RCU mode. That'll change in the next commits. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2015-12-08don't put symlink bodies in pagecache into highmemAl Viro
kmap() in page_follow_link_light() needed to go - allowing to hold an arbitrary number of kmaps for long is a great way to deadlocking the system. new helper (inode_nohighmem(inode)) needs to be used for pagecache symlinks inodes; done for all in-tree cases. page_follow_link_light() instrumented to yell about anything missed. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2015-11-11Merge branch 'for-linus-2' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull vfs update from Al Viro: - misc stable fixes - trivial kernel-doc and comment fixups - remove never-used block_page_mkwrite() wrapper function, and rename the function that is _actually_ used to not have double underscores. * 'for-linus-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: fs: 9p: cache.h: Add #define of include guard vfs: remove stale comment in inode_operations vfs: remove unused wrapper block_page_mkwrite() binfmt_elf: Correct `arch_check_elf's description fs: fix writeback.c kernel-doc warnings fs: fix inode.c kernel-doc warning fs/pipe.c: return error code rather than 0 in pipe_write() fs/pipe.c: preserve alloc_file() error code binfmt_elf: Don't clobber passed executable's file header FS-Cache: Handle a write to the page immediately beyond the EOF marker cachefiles: perform test on s_blocksize when opening cache file. FS-Cache: Don't override netfs's primary_index if registering failed FS-Cache: Increase reference of parent after registering, netfs success debugfs: fix refcount imbalance in start_creating
2015-11-11vfs: remove unused wrapper block_page_mkwrite()Ross Zwisler
The function currently called "__block_page_mkwrite()" used to be called "block_page_mkwrite()" until a wrapper for this function was added by: commit 24da4fab5a61 ("vfs: Create __block_page_mkwrite() helper passing error values back") This wrapper, the current "block_page_mkwrite()", is currently unused. __block_page_mkwrite() is used directly by ext4, nilfs2 and xfs. Remove the unused wrapper, rename __block_page_mkwrite() back to block_page_mkwrite() and update the comment above block_page_mkwrite(). Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2015-11-09fs/nilfs2/namei.c: remove unnecessary new_valid_dev() checkYaowei Bai
new_valid_dev() always returns 1, so the !new_valid_dev() check is not needed. Remove it. Signed-off-by: Yaowei Bai <bywxiaobai@163.com> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06nilfs2: fix gcc uninitialized-variable warnings in powerpc buildRyusuke Konishi
Some false positive warnings are reported for powerpc build. The following warnings are reported in http://kisskb.ellerman.id.au/kisskb/buildresult/12519703/ CC fs/nilfs2/super.o fs/nilfs2/super.c: In function 'nilfs_resize_fs': fs/nilfs2/super.c:376:2: warning: 'blocknr' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wuninitialized] fs/nilfs2/super.c:362:11: note: 'blocknr' was declared here CC fs/nilfs2/recovery.o fs/nilfs2/recovery.c: In function 'nilfs_salvage_orphan_logs': fs/nilfs2/recovery.c:631:21: warning: 'sum' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wuninitialized] fs/nilfs2/recovery.c:585:32: note: 'sum' was declared here fs/nilfs2/recovery.c: In function 'nilfs_search_super_root': fs/nilfs2/recovery.c:873:11: warning: 'sum' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wuninitialized] Another similar warning is reported in http://kisskb.ellerman.id.au/kisskb/buildresult/12520079/ CC fs/nilfs2/btree.o fs/nilfs2/btree.c: In function 'nilfs_btree_convert_and_insert': include/asm-generic/bitops/non-atomic.h:105:20: warning: 'bh' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wuninitialized] fs/nilfs2/btree.c:1859:22: note: 'bh' was declared here This cleans out these warnings by forcing the variables to be initialized. Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Reported-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06nilfs2: fix gcc unused-but-set-variable warningsRyusuke Konishi
Fix the following build warnings: $ make W=1 [...] CC [M] fs/nilfs2/btree.o fs/nilfs2/btree.c: In function 'nilfs_btree_split': fs/nilfs2/btree.c:923:8: warning: variable 'newptr' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable] __u64 newptr; ^ fs/nilfs2/btree.c:922:8: warning: variable 'newkey' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable] __u64 newkey; ^ CC [M] fs/nilfs2/dat.o fs/nilfs2/dat.c: In function 'nilfs_dat_prepare_end': fs/nilfs2/dat.c:158:8: warning: variable 'start' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable] __u64 start; ^ CC [M] fs/nilfs2/segment.o fs/nilfs2/segment.c: In function 'nilfs_segctor_do_immediate_flush': fs/nilfs2/segment.c:2433:6: warning: variable 'err' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable] int err; ^ CC [M] fs/nilfs2/sufile.o fs/nilfs2/sufile.c: In function 'nilfs_sufile_alloc': fs/nilfs2/sufile.c:320:27: warning: variable 'ncleansegs' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable] unsigned long nsegments, ncleansegs, nsus, cnt; ^ CC [M] fs/nilfs2/alloc.o fs/nilfs2/alloc.c: In function 'nilfs_palloc_prepare_alloc_entry': fs/nilfs2/alloc.c:478:38: warning: variable 'groups_per_desc_block' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable] unsigned long n, entries_per_group, groups_per_desc_block; ^ Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06nilfs2: add tracepoints for analyzing reading and writing metadata filesHitoshi Mitake
This patch adds tracepoints for analyzing requests of reading and writing metadata files. The tracepoints cover every in-place mdt files (cpfile, sufile, and datfile). Example of tracing mdt_insert_new_block(): cp-14635 [000] ...1 30598.199309: nilfs2_mdt_insert_new_block: inode = ffff88022a8d0178 ino = 3 block = 155 cp-14635 [000] ...1 30598.199520: nilfs2_mdt_insert_new_block: inode = ffff88022a8d0178 ino = 3 block = 5 cp-14635 [000] ...1 30598.200828: nilfs2_mdt_insert_new_block: inode = ffff88022a8d0178 ino = 3 block = 253 Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: TK Kato <TK.Kato@wdc.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06nilfs2: add tracepoints for analyzing sufile manipulationHitoshi Mitake
This patch adds tracepoints which would be useful for analyzing segment usage from a perspective of high level sufile manipulation (check, alloc, free). sufile is an important in-place updated metadata file, so analyzing the behavior would be useful for performance turning. example of usage (a case of allocation): $ sudo bin/tpoint nilfs2:nilfs2_segment_usage_allocated Tracing nilfs2:nilfs2_segment_usage_allocated. Ctrl-C to end. segctord-17800 [002] ...1 10671.867294: nilfs2_segment_usage_allocated: sufile = ffff880054f908a8 segnum = 2 segctord-17800 [002] ...1 10675.073477: nilfs2_segment_usage_allocated: sufile = ffff880054f908a8 segnum = 3 Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Cc: Benixon Dhas <benixon.dhas@wdc.com> Cc: TK Kato <TK.Kato@wdc.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06nilfs2: add a tracepoint for transaction eventsHitoshi Mitake
This patch adds a tracepoint for transaction events of nilfs. With the tracepoint, these events can be tracked: begin, abort, commit, trylock, lock, and unlock. Basically, these events have corresponding functions e.g. begin event corresponds nilfs_transaction_begin(). The unlock event is an exception. It corresponds to the iteration in nilfs_transaction_lock(). Only one tracepoint is introcued: nilfs2_transaction_transition. The above events are distinguished with newly introduced enum. With this tracepoint, we can analyse a critical section of segment constructoin. Sample output by tpoint of perf-tools: cp-4457 [000] ...1 63.266220: nilfs2_transaction_transition: sb = ffff8802112b8800 ti = ffff8800bf5ccc58 count = 1 flags = 9 state = BEGIN cp-4457 [000] ...1 63.266221: nilfs2_transaction_transition: sb = ffff8802112b8800 ti = ffff8800bf5ccc58 count = 0 flags = 9 state = COMMIT cp-4457 [000] ...1 63.266221: nilfs2_transaction_transition: sb = ffff8802112b8800 ti = ffff8800bf5ccc58 count = 0 flags = 9 state = COMMIT segctord-4371 [001] ...1 68.261196: nilfs2_transaction_transition: sb = ffff8802112b8800 ti = ffff8800b889bdf8 count = 0 flags = 10 state = TRYLOCK segctord-4371 [001] ...1 68.261280: nilfs2_transaction_transition: sb = ffff8802112b8800 ti = ffff8800b889bdf8 count = 0 flags = 10 state = LOCK segctord-4371 [001] ...1 68.261877: nilfs2_transaction_transition: sb = ffff8802112b8800 ti = ffff8800b889bdf8 count = 1 flags = 10 state = BEGIN segctord-4371 [001] ...1 68.262116: nilfs2_transaction_transition: sb = ffff8802112b8800 ti = ffff8800b889bdf8 count = 0 flags = 18 state = COMMIT segctord-4371 [001] ...1 68.265032: nilfs2_transaction_transition: sb = ffff8802112b8800 ti = ffff8800b889bdf8 count = 0 flags = 18 state = UNLOCK segctord-4371 [001] ...1 132.376847: nilfs2_transaction_transition: sb = ffff8802112b8800 ti = ffff8800b889bdf8 count = 0 flags = 10 state = TRYLOCK This patch also does trivial cleaning of comma usage in collection stage transition event for consistent coding style. Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06nilfs2: add a tracepoint for tracking stage transition of segment constructionHitoshi Mitake
This patch adds a tracepoint for tracking stage transition of block collection in segment construction. With the tracepoint, we can analysis the behavior of segment construction in depth. It would be useful for bottleneck detection and debugging, etc. The tracepoint is created with the standard trace API of linux (like ext3, ext4, f2fs and btrfs). So we can analysis with existing tools easily. Of course, more detailed analysis will be possible if we can create nilfs specific analysis tools. Below is an example of event dump with Brendan Gregg's perf-tools (https://github.com/brendangregg/perf-tools). Time consumption between each stage can be obtained. $ sudo bin/tpoint nilfs2:nilfs2_collection_stage_transition Tracing nilfs2:nilfs2_collection_stage_transition. Ctrl-C to end. segctord-14875 [003] ...1 28311.067794: nilfs2_collection_stage_transition: sci = ffff8800ce6de000 stage = ST_INIT segctord-14875 [003] ...1 28311.068139: nilfs2_collection_stage_transition: sci = ffff8800ce6de000 stage = ST_GC segctord-14875 [003] ...1 28311.068139: nilfs2_collection_stage_transition: sci = ffff8800ce6de000 stage = ST_FILE segctord-14875 [003] ...1 28311.068486: nilfs2_collection_stage_transition: sci = ffff8800ce6de000 stage = ST_IFILE segctord-14875 [003] ...1 28311.068540: nilfs2_collection_stage_transition: sci = ffff8800ce6de000 stage = ST_CPFILE segctord-14875 [003] ...1 28311.068561: nilfs2_collection_stage_transition: sci = ffff8800ce6de000 stage = ST_SUFILE segctord-14875 [003] ...1 28311.068565: nilfs2_collection_stage_transition: sci = ffff8800ce6de000 stage = ST_DAT segctord-14875 [003] ...1 28311.068573: nilfs2_collection_stage_transition: sci = ffff8800ce6de000 stage = ST_SR segctord-14875 [003] ...1 28311.068574: nilfs2_collection_stage_transition: sci = ffff8800ce6de000 stage = ST_DONE For capturing transition correctly, this patch adds wrappers for the member scnt of nilfs_cstage. With this change, every transition of the stage can produce trace event in a correct manner. Signed-off-by: Hitoshi Mitake <mitake.hitoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06nilfs2: free unused dat file blocks during garbage collectionRyusuke Konishi
As a nilfs2 volume ages, the amount of available disk space decreases little by little due to bloat of DAT (disk address translation) metadata file. Even if we delete all files in a file system and free their block addresses from the DAT file through a garbage collection, empty DAT blocks are not freed. This fixes the issue by extending the deallocator of block addresses so that empty data blocks and empty bitmap blocks of DAT are deleted. The following comparison shows the effect of this patch. Each shows disk amount information of a nilfs2 volume that we cleaned out by deleting all files and running gc after having filled 90% of its capacity. Before: Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 500105212 3022844 472072192 1% /test After: Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 500105212 16380 475078656 1% /test Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06nilfs2: add helper functions to delete blocks from dat fileRyusuke Konishi
This adds delete functions for data blocks of metadata files using bitmap based allocator. nilfs_palloc_delete_entry_block() deletes an entry block (e.g. block storing dat entries), and nilfs_palloc_delete_bitmap_block() deletes a bitmap block, respectively. These helpers are intended to be used in the successive change on deallocator of block addresses ("nilfs2: free unused dat file blocks during garbage collection"). Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06nilfs2: get rid of nilfs_palloc_group_is_in()Ryusuke Konishi
This unfolds nilfs_palloc_group_is_in() helper function into nilfs_palloc_freev() function to simplify a range check and an index calculation repeatedy performed in a loop of the function. Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06nilfs2: refactor nilfs_palloc_find_available_slot()Ryusuke Konishi
The current implementation of nilfs_palloc_find_available_slot() function is overkill. The underlying bit search routine is well optimized, so this uses it more simply in nilfs_palloc_find_available_slot(). Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06nilfs2: do not call nilfs_mdt_bgl_lock() needlesslyRyusuke Konishi
In the bitmap based allocator implementation, nilfs_mdt_bgl_lock() helper is frequently used to get a spinlock protecting a target block group. This reduces its usage and simplifies arguments of some related functions by directly passing a pointer to the spinlock. Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06nilfs2: use nilfs_warning() in allocator implementationRyusuke Konishi
This uses nilfs_warning() to replace "printk(KERN_WARNING ...);" in the bitmap based allocator implementation of nilfs2. The warning messages are modified to include the device name and the inode number in each message. This makes it clear which metadata file of which device has output warnings such as "entry number xxxx already freed". Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06nilfs2: drop null test before destroy functionsJulia Lawall
Remove unneeded NULL test. The semantic patch that makes this change is as follows: (http://coccinelle.lip6.fr/) // <smpl> @@ expression x; @@ -if (x != NULL) \(kmem_cache_destroy\|mempool_destroy\|dma_pool_destroy\)(x); // </smpl> Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <Julia.Lawall@lip6.fr> Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06mm, fs: introduce mapping_gfp_constraint()Michal Hocko
There are many places which use mapping_gfp_mask to restrict a more generic gfp mask which would be used for allocations which are not directly related to the page cache but they are performed in the same context. Let's introduce a helper function which makes the restriction explicit and easier to track. This patch doesn't introduce any functional changes. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Suggested-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-11-06mm, page_alloc: rename __GFP_WAIT to __GFP_RECLAIMMel Gorman
__GFP_WAIT was used to signal that the caller was in atomic context and could not sleep. Now it is possible to distinguish between true atomic context and callers that are not willing to sleep. The latter should clear __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM so kswapd will still wake. As clearing __GFP_WAIT behaves differently, there is a risk that people will clear the wrong flags. This patch renames __GFP_WAIT to __GFP_RECLAIM to clearly indicate what it does -- setting it allows all reclaim activity, clearing them prevents it. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-08-13block: remove bio_get_nr_vecs()Kent Overstreet
We can always fill up the bio now, no need to estimate the possible size based on queue parameters. Acked-by: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@gmail.com> [hch: rebased and wrote a changelog] Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Ming Lin <ming.l@ssi.samsung.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2015-07-29block: add a bi_error field to struct bioChristoph Hellwig
Currently we have two different ways to signal an I/O error on a BIO: (1) by clearing the BIO_UPTODATE flag (2) by returning a Linux errno value to the bi_end_io callback The first one has the drawback of only communicating a single possible error (-EIO), and the second one has the drawback of not beeing persistent when bios are queued up, and are not passed along from child to parent bio in the ever more popular chaining scenario. Having both mechanisms available has the additional drawback of utterly confusing driver authors and introducing bugs where various I/O submitters only deal with one of them, and the others have to add boilerplate code to deal with both kinds of error returns. So add a new bi_error field to store an errno value directly in struct bio and remove the existing mechanisms to clean all this up. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de> Reviewed-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2015-07-09ioctl_compat: handle FITRIMMikulas Patocka
The FITRIM ioctl has the same arguments on 32-bit and 64-bit architectures, so we can add it to the list of compatible ioctls and drop it from compat_ioctl method of various filesystems. Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: Ted Ts'o <tytso@google.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-07-04Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull more vfs updates from Al Viro: "Assorted VFS fixes and related cleanups (IMO the most interesting in that part are f_path-related things and Eric's descriptor-related stuff). UFS regression fixes (it got broken last cycle). 9P fixes. fs-cache series, DAX patches, Jan's file_remove_suid() work" [ I'd say this is much more than "fixes and related cleanups". The file_table locking rule change by Eric Dumazet is a rather big and fundamental update even if the patch isn't huge. - Linus ] * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: (49 commits) 9p: cope with bogus responses from server in p9_client_{read,write} p9_client_write(): avoid double p9_free_req() 9p: forgetting to cancel request on interrupted zero-copy RPC dax: bdev_direct_access() may sleep block: Add support for DAX reads/writes to block devices dax: Use copy_from_iter_nocache dax: Add block size note to documentation fs/file.c: __fget() and dup2() atomicity rules fs/file.c: don't acquire files->file_lock in fd_install() fs:super:get_anon_bdev: fix race condition could cause dev exceed its upper limitation vfs: avoid creation of inode number 0 in get_next_ino namei: make set_root_rcu() return void make simple_positive() public ufs: use dir_pages instead of ufs_dir_pages() pagemap.h: move dir_pages() over there remove the pointless include of lglock.h fs: cleanup slight list_entry abuse xfs: Correctly lock inode when removing suid and file capabilities fs: Call security_ops->inode_killpriv on truncate fs: Provide function telling whether file_remove_privs() will do anything ...
2015-06-26Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)Linus Torvalds
Merge second patchbomb from Andrew Morton: - most of the rest of MM - lots of misc things - procfs updates - printk feature work - updates to get_maintainer, MAINTAINERS, checkpatch - lib/ updates * emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (96 commits) exit,stats: /* obey this comment */ coredump: add __printf attribute to cn_*printf functions coredump: use from_kuid/kgid when formatting corename fs/reiserfs: remove unneeded cast NILFS2: support NFSv2 export fs/befs/btree.c: remove unneeded initializations fs/minix: remove unneeded cast init/do_mounts.c: add create_dev() failure log kasan: remove duplicate definition of the macro KASAN_FREE_PAGE fs/efs: femove unneeded cast checkpatch: emit "NOTE: <types>" message only once after multiple files checkpatch: emit an error when there's a diff in a changelog checkpatch: validate MODULE_LICENSE content checkpatch: add multi-line handling for PREFER_ETHER_ADDR_COPY checkpatch: suggest using eth_zero_addr() and eth_broadcast_addr() checkpatch: fix processing of MEMSET issues checkpatch: suggest using ether_addr_equal*() checkpatch: avoid NOT_UNIFIED_DIFF errors on cover-letter.patch files checkpatch: remove local from codespell path checkpatch: add --showfile to allow input via pipe to show filenames ...
2015-06-25NILFS2: support NFSv2 exportNeilBrown
The "fh_len" passed to ->fh_to_* is not guaranteed to be that same as that returned by encode_fh - it may be larger. With NFSv2, the filehandle is fixed length, so it may appear longer than expected and be zero-padded. So we must test that fh_len is at least some value, not exactly equal to it. Signed-off-by: NeilBrown <neilb@suse.de> Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-06-25Merge branch 'for-4.2/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-blockLinus Torvalds
Pull core block IO update from Jens Axboe: "Nothing really major in here, mostly a collection of smaller optimizations and cleanups, mixed with various fixes. In more detail, this contains: - Addition of policy specific data to blkcg for block cgroups. From Arianna Avanzini. - Various cleanups around command types from Christoph. - Cleanup of the suspend block I/O path from Christoph. - Plugging updates from Shaohua and Jeff Moyer, for blk-mq. - Eliminating atomic inc/dec of both remaining IO count and reference count in a bio. From me. - Fixes for SG gap and chunk size support for data-less (discards) IO, so we can merge these better. From me. - Small restructuring of blk-mq shared tag support, freeing drivers from iterating hardware queues. From Keith Busch. - A few cfq-iosched tweaks, from Tahsin Erdogan and me. Makes the IOPS mode the default for non-rotational storage" * 'for-4.2/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (35 commits) cfq-iosched: fix other locations where blkcg_to_cfqgd() can return NULL cfq-iosched: fix sysfs oops when attempting to read unconfigured weights cfq-iosched: move group scheduling functions under ifdef cfq-iosched: fix the setting of IOPS mode on SSDs blktrace: Add blktrace.c to BLOCK LAYER in MAINTAINERS file block, cgroup: implement policy-specific per-blkcg data block: Make CFQ default to IOPS mode on SSDs block: add blk_set_queue_dying() to blkdev.h blk-mq: Shared tag enhancements block: don't honor chunk sizes for data-less IO block: only honor SG gap prevention for merges that contain data block: fix returnvar.cocci warnings block, dm: don't copy bios for request clones block: remove management of bi_remaining when restoring original bi_end_io block: replace trylock with mutex_lock in blkdev_reread_part() block: export blkdev_reread_part() and __blkdev_reread_part() suspend: simplify block I/O handling block: collapse bio bit space block: remove unused BIO_RW_BLOCK and BIO_EOF flags block: remove BIO_EOPNOTSUPP ...
2015-06-23pagemap.h: move dir_pages() over thereFabian Frederick
That function was declared in a lot of filesystems to calculate directory pages. Signed-off-by: Fabian Frederick <fabf@skynet.be> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2015-06-23nilfs2_direct_IO(): remove dead codeAl Viro
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2015-05-19block: remove BIO_EOPNOTSUPPChristoph Hellwig
Since the big barrier rewrite/removal in 2007 we never fail FLUSH or FUA requests, which means we can remove the magic BIO_EOPNOTSUPP flag to help propagating those to the buffer_head layer. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Reviewed-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2015-05-05nilfs2: fix sanity check of btree level in nilfs_btree_root_broken()Ryusuke Konishi
The range check for b-tree level parameter in nilfs_btree_root_broken() is wrong; it accepts the case of "level == NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_MAX" even though the level is limited to values in the range of 0 to (NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_MAX - 1). Since the level parameter is read from storage device and used to index nilfs_btree_path array whose element count is NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_MAX, it can cause memory overrun during btree operations if the boundary value is set to the level parameter on device. This fixes the broken sanity check and adds a comment to clarify that the upper bound NILFS_BTREE_LEVEL_MAX is exclusive. Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-26Merge branch 'for-linus' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs Pull fourth vfs update from Al Viro: "d_inode() annotations from David Howells (sat in for-next since before the beginning of merge window) + four assorted fixes" * 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs: RCU pathwalk breakage when running into a symlink overmounting something fix I_DIO_WAKEUP definition direct-io: only inc/dec inode->i_dio_count for file systems fs/9p: fix readdir() VFS: assorted d_backing_inode() annotations VFS: fs/inode.c helpers: d_inode() annotations VFS: fs/cachefiles: d_backing_inode() annotations VFS: fs library helpers: d_inode() annotations VFS: assorted weird filesystems: d_inode() annotations VFS: normal filesystems (and lustre): d_inode() annotations VFS: security/: d_inode() annotations VFS: security/: d_backing_inode() annotations VFS: net/: d_inode() annotations VFS: net/unix: d_backing_inode() annotations VFS: kernel/: d_inode() annotations VFS: audit: d_backing_inode() annotations VFS: Fix up some ->d_inode accesses in the chelsio driver VFS: Cachefiles should perform fs modifications on the top layer only VFS: AF_UNIX sockets should call mknod on the top layer only
2015-04-17Merge branch 'akpm' (patches from Andrew)Linus Torvalds
Merge third patchbomb from Andrew Morton: - various misc things - a couple of lib/ optimisations - provide DIV_ROUND_CLOSEST_ULL() - checkpatch updates - rtc tree - befs, nilfs2, hfs, hfsplus, fatfs, adfs, affs, bfs - ptrace fixes - fork() fixes - seccomp cleanups - more mmap_sem hold time reductions from Davidlohr * emailed patches from Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>: (138 commits) proc: show locks in /proc/pid/fdinfo/X docs: add missing and new /proc/PID/status file entries, fix typos drivers/rtc/rtc-at91rm9200.c: make IO endian agnostic Documentation/spi/spidev_test.c: fix warning drivers/rtc/rtc-s5m.c: allow usage on device type different than main MFD type .gitignore: ignore *.tar MAINTAINERS: add Mediatek SoC mailing list tomoyo: reduce mmap_sem hold for mm->exe_file powerpc/oprofile: reduce mmap_sem hold for exe_file oprofile: reduce mmap_sem hold for mm->exe_file mips: ip32: add platform data hooks to use DS1685 driver lib/Kconfig: fix up HAVE_ARCH_BITREVERSE help text x86: switch to using asm-generic for seccomp.h sparc: switch to using asm-generic for seccomp.h powerpc: switch to using asm-generic for seccomp.h parisc: switch to using asm-generic for seccomp.h mips: switch to using asm-generic for seccomp.h microblaze: use asm-generic for seccomp.h arm: use asm-generic for seccomp.h seccomp: allow COMPAT sigreturn overrides ...
2015-04-17nilfs2: use inode_set_flags() in nilfs_set_inode_flags()Ryusuke Konishi
Use inode_set_flags() to atomically set i_flags instead of clearing out the S_IMMUTABLE, S_APPEND, etc. flags and then setting them from the FS_IMMUTABLE_FL, FS_APPEND_FL flags to avoid a race where an immutable file has the immutable flag cleared for a brief window of time. This is a similar fix to commit 5f16f3225b06 ("ext4: atomically set inode->i_flags in ext4_set_inode_flags()"). Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-17nilfs2: put out gfp mask manipulation from nilfs_set_inode_flags()Ryusuke Konishi
nilfs_set_inode_flags() function adjusts gfp-mask of inode->i_mapping as well as i_flags, however, this coupling of operations is not appropriate. For instance, nilfs_ioctl_setflags(), one of three callers of nilfs_set_inode_flags(), doesn't need to reinitialize the gfp-mask at all. In addition, nilfs_new_inode(), another caller of nilfs_set_inode_flags(), doesn't either because it has already initialized the gfp-mask. Only __nilfs_read_inode(), the remaining caller, needs it. So, this moves the gfp mask manipulation to __nilfs_read_inode() from nilfs_set_inode_flags(). Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-17nilfs2: fix gcc warning at nilfs_checkpoint_is_mounted()Ryusuke Konishi
Fix the following build warning: fs/nilfs2/super.c: In function 'nilfs_checkpoint_is_mounted': fs/nilfs2/super.c:1023:10: warning: comparison of unsigned expression < 0 is always false [-Wtype-limits] if (cno < 0 || cno > nilfs->ns_cno) ^ This warning indicates that the comparision "cno < 0" is useless because variable "cno" has an unsigned integer type "__u64". Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Reported-by: David Binderman <dcb314@hotmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-17nilfs2: improve execution time of NILFS_IOCTL_GET_CPINFO ioctlRyusuke Konishi
The older a filesystem gets, the slower lscp command becomes. This is because nilfs_cpfile_do_get_cpinfo() function meets more hole blocks as the start offset of valid checkpoint numbers gets bigger. This reduces the overhead by skipping hole blocks efficiently with nilfs_mdt_find_block() helper. A measurement result of this patch is as follows: Before: $ time lscp CNO DATE TIME MODE FLG BLKCNT ICNT 5769303 2015-02-22 19:31:33 cp - 108 1 5769304 2015-02-22 19:38:54 cp - 108 1 real 0m0.182s user 0m0.003s sys 0m0.180s After: $ time lscp CNO DATE TIME MODE FLG BLKCNT ICNT 5769303 2015-02-22 19:31:33 cp - 108 1 5769304 2015-02-22 19:38:54 cp - 108 1 real 0m0.003s user 0m0.001s sys 0m0.002s Signed-off-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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