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path: root/fs/ceph/inode.c
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2018-10-22ceph: check if LOOKUPNAME request was aborted when filling traceYan, Zheng
d_lookup()/d_alloc() require parent inode locked. Parent inode is not locked if request is aborted. Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-10-22ceph: fix dentry leak in ceph_readdir_prepopulateYan, Zheng
Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-10-22Revert "ceph: fix dentry leak in splice_dentry()"Yan, Zheng
This reverts commit 8b8f53af1ed9df88a4c0fbfdf3db58f62060edf3. splice_dentry() is used by three places. For two places, req->r_dentry is passed to splice_dentry(). In the case of error, req->r_dentry does not get updated. So splice_dentry() should not drop reference. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.18+ Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-08-13ceph: add additional size check in ceph_setattr()Chengguang Xu
ceph_setattr() finally calls vfs function inode_newsize_ok() to do offset validation and that is based on sb->s_maxbytes. Because we set sb->s_maxbytes to MAX_LFS_FILESIZE to through VFS check and do proper offset validation in cephfs level, we need adding proper offset validation before calling inode_newsize_ok(). Signed-off-by: Chengguang Xu <cgxu519@gmx.com> Reviewed-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-08-02ceph: use timespec64 for r_stampArnd Bergmann
The ceph_mds_request stamp still uses the deprecated timespec structure, this converts it over as well. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Reviewed-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-08-02ceph: use timespec64 for inode timestampArnd Bergmann
Since the vfs structures are all using timespec64, we can now change the internal representation, using ceph_encode_timespec64 and ceph_decode_timespec64. In case of ceph_aux_inode however, we need to avoid doing a memcmp() on uninitialized padding data, so the members of the i_mtime field get copied individually into 64-bit integers. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Reviewed-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-06-26ceph: fix dentry leak in splice_dentry()Yan, Zheng
In any case, d_splice_alias() does not drop reference of original dentry. Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-06-15Merge tag 'vfs-timespec64' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/playground Pull inode timestamps conversion to timespec64 from Arnd Bergmann: "This is a late set of changes from Deepa Dinamani doing an automated treewide conversion of the inode and iattr structures from 'timespec' to 'timespec64', to push the conversion from the VFS layer into the individual file systems. As Deepa writes: 'The series aims to switch vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64. Currently vfs uses struct timespec, which is not y2038 safe. The series involves the following: 1. Add vfs helper functions for supporting struct timepec64 timestamps. 2. Cast prints of vfs timestamps to avoid warnings after the switch. 3. Simplify code using vfs timestamps so that the actual replacement becomes easy. 4. Convert vfs timestamps to use struct timespec64 using a script. This is a flag day patch. Next steps: 1. Convert APIs that can handle timespec64, instead of converting timestamps at the boundaries. 2. Update internal data structures to avoid timestamp conversions' Thomas Gleixner adds: 'I think there is no point to drag that out for the next merge window. The whole thing needs to be done in one go for the core changes which means that you're going to play that catchup game forever. Let's get over with it towards the end of the merge window'" * tag 'vfs-timespec64' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/playground: pstore: Remove bogus format string definition vfs: change inode times to use struct timespec64 pstore: Convert internal records to timespec64 udf: Simplify calls to udf_disk_stamp_to_time fs: nfs: get rid of memcpys for inode times ceph: make inode time prints to be long long lustre: Use long long type to print inode time fs: add timespec64_truncate()
2018-06-05vfs: change inode times to use struct timespec64Deepa Dinamani
struct timespec is not y2038 safe. Transition vfs to use y2038 safe struct timespec64 instead. The change was made with the help of the following cocinelle script. This catches about 80% of the changes. All the header file and logic changes are included in the first 5 rules. The rest are trivial substitutions. I avoid changing any of the function signatures or any other filesystem specific data structures to keep the patch simple for review. The script can be a little shorter by combining different cases. But, this version was sufficient for my usecase. virtual patch @ depends on patch @ identifier now; @@ - struct timespec + struct timespec64 current_time ( ... ) { - struct timespec now = current_kernel_time(); + struct timespec64 now = current_kernel_time64(); ... - return timespec_trunc( + return timespec64_trunc( ... ); } @ depends on patch @ identifier xtime; @@ struct \( iattr \| inode \| kstat \) { ... - struct timespec xtime; + struct timespec64 xtime; ... } @ depends on patch @ identifier t; @@ struct inode_operations { ... int (*update_time) (..., - struct timespec t, + struct timespec64 t, ...); ... } @ depends on patch @ identifier t; identifier fn_update_time =~ "update_time$"; @@ fn_update_time (..., - struct timespec *t, + struct timespec64 *t, ...) { ... } @ depends on patch @ identifier t; @@ lease_get_mtime( ... , - struct timespec *t + struct timespec64 *t ) { ... } @te depends on patch forall@ identifier ts; local idexpression struct inode *inode_node; identifier i_xtime =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; identifier ia_xtime =~ "^ia_[acm]time$"; identifier fn_update_time =~ "update_time$"; identifier fn; expression e, E3; local idexpression struct inode *node1; local idexpression struct inode *node2; local idexpression struct iattr *attr1; local idexpression struct iattr *attr2; local idexpression struct iattr attr; identifier i_xtime1 =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; identifier i_xtime2 =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; identifier ia_xtime1 =~ "^ia_[acm]time$"; identifier ia_xtime2 =~ "^ia_[acm]time$"; @@ ( ( - struct timespec ts; + struct timespec64 ts; | - struct timespec ts = current_time(inode_node); + struct timespec64 ts = current_time(inode_node); ) <+... when != ts ( - timespec_equal(&inode_node->i_xtime, &ts) + timespec64_equal(&inode_node->i_xtime, &ts) | - timespec_equal(&ts, &inode_node->i_xtime) + timespec64_equal(&ts, &inode_node->i_xtime) | - timespec_compare(&inode_node->i_xtime, &ts) + timespec64_compare(&inode_node->i_xtime, &ts) | - timespec_compare(&ts, &inode_node->i_xtime) + timespec64_compare(&ts, &inode_node->i_xtime) | ts = current_time(e) | fn_update_time(..., &ts,...) | inode_node->i_xtime = ts | node1->i_xtime = ts | ts = inode_node->i_xtime | <+... attr1->ia_xtime ...+> = ts | ts = attr1->ia_xtime | ts.tv_sec | ts.tv_nsec | btrfs_set_stack_timespec_sec(..., ts.tv_sec) | btrfs_set_stack_timespec_nsec(..., ts.tv_nsec) | - ts = timespec64_to_timespec( + ts = ... -) | - ts = ktime_to_timespec( + ts = ktime_to_timespec64( ...) | - ts = E3 + ts = timespec_to_timespec64(E3) | - ktime_get_real_ts(&ts) + ktime_get_real_ts64(&ts) | fn(..., - ts + timespec64_to_timespec(ts) ,...) ) ...+> ( <... when != ts - return ts; + return timespec64_to_timespec(ts); ...> ) | - timespec_equal(&node1->i_xtime1, &node2->i_xtime2) + timespec64_equal(&node1->i_xtime2, &node2->i_xtime2) | - timespec_equal(&node1->i_xtime1, &attr2->ia_xtime2) + timespec64_equal(&node1->i_xtime2, &attr2->ia_xtime2) | - timespec_compare(&node1->i_xtime1, &node2->i_xtime2) + timespec64_compare(&node1->i_xtime1, &node2->i_xtime2) | node1->i_xtime1 = - timespec_trunc(attr1->ia_xtime1, + timespec64_trunc(attr1->ia_xtime1, ...) | - attr1->ia_xtime1 = timespec_trunc(attr2->ia_xtime2, + attr1->ia_xtime1 = timespec64_trunc(attr2->ia_xtime2, ...) | - ktime_get_real_ts(&attr1->ia_xtime1) + ktime_get_real_ts64(&attr1->ia_xtime1) | - ktime_get_real_ts(&attr.ia_xtime1) + ktime_get_real_ts64(&attr.ia_xtime1) ) @ depends on patch @ struct inode *node; struct iattr *attr; identifier fn; identifier i_xtime =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; identifier ia_xtime =~ "^ia_[acm]time$"; expression e; @@ ( - fn(node->i_xtime); + fn(timespec64_to_timespec(node->i_xtime)); | fn(..., - node->i_xtime); + timespec64_to_timespec(node->i_xtime)); | - e = fn(attr->ia_xtime); + e = fn(timespec64_to_timespec(attr->ia_xtime)); ) @ depends on patch forall @ struct inode *node; struct iattr *attr; identifier i_xtime =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; identifier ia_xtime =~ "^ia_[acm]time$"; identifier fn; @@ { + struct timespec ts; <+... ( + ts = timespec64_to_timespec(node->i_xtime); fn (..., - &node->i_xtime, + &ts, ...); | + ts = timespec64_to_timespec(attr->ia_xtime); fn (..., - &attr->ia_xtime, + &ts, ...); ) ...+> } @ depends on patch forall @ struct inode *node; struct iattr *attr; struct kstat *stat; identifier ia_xtime =~ "^ia_[acm]time$"; identifier i_xtime =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; identifier xtime =~ "^[acm]time$"; identifier fn, ret; @@ { + struct timespec ts; <+... ( + ts = timespec64_to_timespec(node->i_xtime); ret = fn (..., - &node->i_xtime, + &ts, ...); | + ts = timespec64_to_timespec(node->i_xtime); ret = fn (..., - &node->i_xtime); + &ts); | + ts = timespec64_to_timespec(attr->ia_xtime); ret = fn (..., - &attr->ia_xtime, + &ts, ...); | + ts = timespec64_to_timespec(attr->ia_xtime); ret = fn (..., - &attr->ia_xtime); + &ts); | + ts = timespec64_to_timespec(stat->xtime); ret = fn (..., - &stat->xtime); + &ts); ) ...+> } @ depends on patch @ struct inode *node; struct inode *node2; identifier i_xtime1 =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; identifier i_xtime2 =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; identifier i_xtime3 =~ "^i_[acm]time$"; struct iattr *attrp; struct iattr *attrp2; struct iattr attr ; identifier ia_xtime1 =~ "^ia_[acm]time$"; identifier ia_xtime2 =~ "^ia_[acm]time$"; struct kstat *stat; struct kstat stat1; struct timespec64 ts; identifier xtime =~ "^[acmb]time$"; expression e; @@ ( ( node->i_xtime2 \| attrp->ia_xtime2 \| attr.ia_xtime2 \) = node->i_xtime1 ; | node->i_xtime2 = \( node2->i_xtime1 \| timespec64_trunc(...) \); | node->i_xtime2 = node->i_xtime1 = node->i_xtime3 = \(ts \| current_time(...) \); | node->i_xtime1 = node->i_xtime3 = \(ts \| current_time(...) \); | stat->xtime = node2->i_xtime1; | stat1.xtime = node2->i_xtime1; | ( node->i_xtime2 \| attrp->ia_xtime2 \) = attrp->ia_xtime1 ; | ( attrp->ia_xtime1 \| attr.ia_xtime1 \) = attrp2->ia_xtime2; | - e = node->i_xtime1; + e = timespec64_to_timespec( node->i_xtime1 ); | - e = attrp->ia_xtime1; + e = timespec64_to_timespec( attrp->ia_xtime1 ); | node->i_xtime1 = current_time(...); | node->i_xtime2 = node->i_xtime1 = node->i_xtime3 = - e; + timespec_to_timespec64(e); | node->i_xtime1 = node->i_xtime3 = - e; + timespec_to_timespec64(e); | - node->i_xtime1 = e; + node->i_xtime1 = timespec_to_timespec64(e); ) Signed-off-by: Deepa Dinamani <deepa.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: <anton@tuxera.com> Cc: <balbi@kernel.org> Cc: <bfields@fieldses.org> Cc: <darrick.wong@oracle.com> Cc: <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: <dsterba@suse.com> Cc: <dwmw2@infradead.org> Cc: <hch@lst.de> Cc: <hirofumi@mail.parknet.co.jp> Cc: <hubcap@omnibond.com> Cc: <jack@suse.com> Cc: <jaegeuk@kernel.org> Cc: <jaharkes@cs.cmu.edu> Cc: <jslaby@suse.com> Cc: <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: <mark@fasheh.com> Cc: <miklos@szeredi.hu> Cc: <nico@linaro.org> Cc: <reiserfs-devel@vger.kernel.org> Cc: <richard@nod.at> Cc: <sage@redhat.com> Cc: <sfrench@samba.org> Cc: <swhiteho@redhat.com> Cc: <tj@kernel.org> Cc: <trond.myklebust@primarydata.com> Cc: <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2018-06-04ceph: prevent i_version from going backYan, Zheng
inode info from non-auth can be stale. Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-06-04ceph: fix st_nlink stat for directoriesLuis Henriques
Currently, calling stat on a cephfs directory returns 1 for st_nlink. This behaviour has recently changed in the fuse client, as some applications seem to expect this value to be either 0 (if it's unlinked) or 2 + number of subdirectories. This behaviour was changed in the fuse client with commit 67c7e4619188 ("client: use common interp of st_nlink for dirs"). This patch modifies the kernel client to have a similar behaviour. Link: https://tracker.ceph.com/issues/23873 Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <lhenriques@suse.com> Reviewed-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-06-04ceph: update i_files/i_subdirs only when Fs cap is issuedYan, Zheng
In MDS, file/subdir counts of a directory inode are protected by filelock. In request reply without Fs cap, nfiles/nsubdirs can be stale. Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-06-04ceph: always get rstat from auth mdsYan, Zheng
rstat is not tracked by capability. client can't know if rstat from non-auth mds is uptodate or not. Link: http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/23538 Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-05-25ceph: make inode time prints to be long longDeepa Dinamani
Subsequent patches in the series convert inode timestamps to use struct timespec64 instead of struct timespec as part of solving the y2038 problem. Convert these print formats to use long long types to avoid warnings and errors on conversion. Signed-off-by: Deepa Dinamani <deepa.kernel@gmail.com> Cc: zyan@redhat.com Cc: ceph-devel@vger.kernel.org
2018-04-16ceph: always update atime/mtime/ctime for new inodeYan, Zheng
For new inode, atime/mtime/ctime are uninitialized. Don't compare against them. Cc: stable@kernel.org Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-04-02ceph: quota: add counter for snaprealms with quotaLuis Henriques
By keeping a counter with the number of snaprealms that have quota set allows to optimize the functions that need to walk throught the realms hierarchy looking for quotas. Thus, if this counter is zero it's safe to assume that there are no realms with quota. Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <lhenriques@suse.com> Reviewed-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-04-02ceph: quota: cache inode pointer in ceph_snap_realmLuis Henriques
Keep a pointer to the inode in struct ceph_snap_realm. This allows to optimize functions that walk the realms hierarchy (e.g. in quotas). Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <lhenriques@suse.com> Reviewed-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-04-02ceph: quota: support for ceph.quota.max_bytesLuis Henriques
Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <lhenriques@suse.com> Reviewed-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-04-02ceph: quota: add initial infrastructure to support cephfs quotasLuis Henriques
This patch adds the infrastructure required to support cephfs quotas as it is currently implemented in the ceph fuse client. Cephfs quotas can be set on any directory, and can restrict the number of bytes or the number of files stored beneath that point in the directory hierarchy. Quotas are set using the extended attributes 'ceph.quota.max_files' and 'ceph.quota.max_bytes', and can be removed by setting these attributes to '0'. Link: http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/22372 Signed-off-by: Luis Henriques <lhenriques@suse.com> Reviewed-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-04-02ceph: invalidate pages that beyond EOF in ceph_writepages_start()Yan, Zheng
Dirty pages can be associated with different capsnap. Different capsnap may have different EOF value. So invalidating dirty pages according to the largest EOF value is wrong. Dirty pages beyond EOF, but associated with other capsnap, do not get invalidated. Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-01-29ceph: avoid dereferencing invalid pointer during cached readdirYan, Zheng
Readdir cache keeps array of dentry pointers in page cache. If any dentry in readdir cache gets pruned, ceph_d_prune() disables readdir cache for later readdir syscall. The problem is that ceph_d_prune() ignores unhashed dentry. Ideally MDS should have already revoked CEPH_CAP_FILE_SHARED (which also disables readdir cache) when dentry gets unhashed. But if it is somehow MDS does not properly revoke CEPH_CAP_FILE_SHARED and the unhashed dentry gets pruned later, ceph_d_prune() will not disable readdir cache, later readdir may reference invalid dentry pointer. The fix is make ceph_d_prune() do extra check for unhashed dentry. Disable readdir cache if the unhashed dentry is still referenced by readdir cache. Another fix in this patch is handle d_splice_alias(). If a dentry gets spliced into new parent dentry, treat it as if it was pruned (call ceph_d_prune() for it). Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-01-29ceph: use atomic_t for ceph_inode_info::i_shared_genYan, Zheng
It allows accessing i_shared_gen without holding i_ceph_lock. It is preparation for later patch. Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2018-01-29ceph: properly drop caps for setattr requestYan, Zheng
For CEPH_SETATTR_ATIME, MDS needs to xlock filelock, Fsxrw caps are not allowed for xlocked filelock. For CEPH_SETATTR_SIZE request that truncates file to smaller size, MDS needs to xlock filelock, Fsxrw caps are not allowed for xlocked filelock. Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-11-13ceph: remove the bump of i_versionJeff Layton
Eventually, we'll want to wire cephfs up to use the change attribute that the cluster tracks instead, but for now this is unneeded. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-11-13ceph: disable cached readdir after dropping positive dentryYan, Zheng
Ideally CEPH_CAP_FILE_SHARED should have been revoked before postive dentry get dropped. But if something goes wrong, later cached readdir may dereference the dropped dentry. Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-11-13ceph: keep auth cap when inode has flocks or posix locksYan, Zheng
file locks are tracked by inode's auth mds. dropping auth caps is equivalent to releasing all file locks. Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-11-02License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no licenseGreg Kroah-Hartman
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-09-06ceph: handle race between vmtruncate and queuing cap snapYan, Zheng
It's possible that we create a cap snap while there is pending vmtruncate (truncate hasn't been processed by worker thread). We should truncate dirty pages beyond capsnap->size in that case. Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-09-06ceph: adjust 36 checks for NULL pointersMarkus Elfring
The script “checkpatch.pl” pointed information out like the following. Comparison to NULL could be written ... Thus fix the affected source code places. Signed-off-by: Markus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net> Reviewed-by: Yan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-09-06ceph: delete an unnecessary return statement in update_dentry_lease()Markus Elfring
The script "checkpatch.pl" pointed information out like the following. WARNING: void function return statements are not generally useful Thus remove such a statement in the affected function. Signed-off-by: Markus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net> Reviewed-by: Yan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-09-06ceph: ENOMEM pr_err in __get_or_create_frag() is redundantMarkus Elfring
Omit an extra message for a memory allocation failure in this function. This issue was detected by using the Coccinelle software. Signed-off-by: Markus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net> Reviewed-by: Yan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-09-06ceph: don't fill readdir cache for LSSNAP replyYan, Zheng
Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-09-06ceph: cleanup ceph_readdir_prepopulate()Yan, Zheng
In LSSNAP case, req->r_dentry is already set to snapdir dentry. Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-07-07ceph: update ceph_dentry_info::lease_session when necessaryYan, Zheng
Current code does not update ceph_dentry_info::lease_session once it is set. If auth mds of corresponding dentry changes, dentry lease keeps in an invalid state. Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-07-07ceph: update the 'approaching max_size' codeYan, Zheng
The old 'approaching max_size' code expects MDS set max_size to '2 * reported_size'. This is no longer true. The new code reports file size when half of previous max_size increment has been used. Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-06-14ceph: unify inode i_ctime updateYan, Zheng
Current __ceph_setattr() can set inode's i_ctime to current_time(), req->r_stamp or attr->ia_ctime. These time stamps may have minor differences. It may cause potential problem. Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-05-04ceph: make seeky readdir more efficientYan, Zheng
Current cephfs client uses string to indicate start position of readdir. The string is last entry of previous readdir reply. This approach does not work for seeky readdir because we can not easily convert the new postion to a string. For seeky readdir, mds needs to return dentries from the beginning. Client keeps retrying if the reply does not contain the dentry it wants. In current version of ceph, mds sorts CDentry in its cache in hash order. Client also uses dentry hash to compose dir postion. For seeky readdir, if client passes the hash part of dir postion to mds. mds can avoid replying useless dentries. Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-04-25ceph: fix recursion between ceph_set_acl() and __ceph_setattr()Yan, Zheng
ceph_set_acl() calls __ceph_setattr() if the setacl operation needs to modify inode's i_mode. __ceph_setattr() updates inode's i_mode, then calls posix_acl_chmod(). The problem is that __ceph_setattr() calls posix_acl_chmod() before sending the setattr request. The get_acl() call in posix_acl_chmod() can trigger a getxattr request. The reply of the getxattr request can restore inode's i_mode to its old value. The set_acl() call in posix_acl_chmod() sees old value of inode's i_mode, so it calls __ceph_setattr() again. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # needs backporting for < 4.9 Link: http://tracker.ceph.com/issues/19688 Reported-by: Jerry Lee <leisurelysw24@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: "Yan, Zheng" <zyan@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Tested-by: Luis Henriques <lhenriques@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-03-02statx: Add a system call to make enhanced file info availableDavid Howells
Add a system call to make extended file information available, including file creation and some attribute flags where available through the underlying filesystem. The getattr inode operation is altered to take two additional arguments: a u32 request_mask and an unsigned int flags that indicate the synchronisation mode. This change is propagated to the vfs_getattr*() function. Functions like vfs_stat() are now inline wrappers around new functions vfs_statx() and vfs_statx_fd() to reduce stack usage. ======== OVERVIEW ======== The idea was initially proposed as a set of xattrs that could be retrieved with getxattr(), but the general preference proved to be for a new syscall with an extended stat structure. A number of requests were gathered for features to be included. The following have been included: (1) Make the fields a consistent size on all arches and make them large. (2) Spare space, request flags and information flags are provided for future expansion. (3) Better support for the y2038 problem [Arnd Bergmann] (tv_sec is an __s64). (4) Creation time: The SMB protocol carries the creation time, which could be exported by Samba, which will in turn help CIFS make use of FS-Cache as that can be used for coherency data (stx_btime). This is also specified in NFSv4 as a recommended attribute and could be exported by NFSD [Steve French]. (5) Lightweight stat: Ask for just those details of interest, and allow a netfs (such as NFS) to approximate anything not of interest, possibly without going to the server [Trond Myklebust, Ulrich Drepper, Andreas Dilger] (AT_STATX_DONT_SYNC). (6) Heavyweight stat: Force a netfs to go to the server, even if it thinks its cached attributes are up to date [Trond Myklebust] (AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC). And the following have been left out for future extension: (7) Data version number: Could be used by userspace NFS servers [Aneesh Kumar]. Can also be used to modify fill_post_wcc() in NFSD which retrieves i_version directly, but has just called vfs_getattr(). It could get it from the kstat struct if it used vfs_xgetattr() instead. (There's disagreement on the exact semantics of a single field, since not all filesystems do this the same way). (8) BSD stat compatibility: Including more fields from the BSD stat such as creation time (st_btime) and inode generation number (st_gen) [Jeremy Allison, Bernd Schubert]. (9) Inode generation number: Useful for FUSE and userspace NFS servers [Bernd Schubert]. (This was asked for but later deemed unnecessary with the open-by-handle capability available and caused disagreement as to whether it's a security hole or not). (10) Extra coherency data may be useful in making backups [Andreas Dilger]. (No particular data were offered, but things like last backup timestamp, the data version number and the DOS archive bit would come into this category). (11) Allow the filesystem to indicate what it can/cannot provide: A filesystem can now say it doesn't support a standard stat feature if that isn't available, so if, for instance, inode numbers or UIDs don't exist or are fabricated locally... (This requires a separate system call - I have an fsinfo() call idea for this). (12) Store a 16-byte volume ID in the superblock that can be returned in struct xstat [Steve French]. (Deferred to fsinfo). (13) Include granularity fields in the time data to indicate the granularity of each of the times (NFSv4 time_delta) [Steve French]. (Deferred to fsinfo). (14) FS_IOC_GETFLAGS value. These could be translated to BSD's st_flags. Note that the Linux IOC flags are a mess and filesystems such as Ext4 define flags that aren't in linux/fs.h, so translation in the kernel may be a necessity (or, possibly, we provide the filesystem type too). (Some attributes are made available in stx_attributes, but the general feeling was that the IOC flags were to ext[234]-specific and shouldn't be exposed through statx this way). (15) Mask of features available on file (eg: ACLs, seclabel) [Brad Boyer, Michael Kerrisk]. (Deferred, probably to fsinfo. Finding out if there's an ACL or seclabal might require extra filesystem operations). (16) Femtosecond-resolution timestamps [Dave Chinner]. (A __reserved field has been left in the statx_timestamp struct for this - if there proves to be a need). (17) A set multiple attributes syscall to go with this. =============== NEW SYSTEM CALL =============== The new system call is: int ret = statx(int dfd, const char *filename, unsigned int flags, unsigned int mask, struct statx *buffer); The dfd, filename and flags parameters indicate the file to query, in a similar way to fstatat(). There is no equivalent of lstat() as that can be emulated with statx() by passing AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW in flags. There is also no equivalent of fstat() as that can be emulated by passing a NULL filename to statx() with the fd of interest in dfd. Whether or not statx() synchronises the attributes with the backing store can be controlled by OR'ing a value into the flags argument (this typically only affects network filesystems): (1) AT_STATX_SYNC_AS_STAT tells statx() to behave as stat() does in this respect. (2) AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC will require a network filesystem to synchronise its attributes with the server - which might require data writeback to occur to get the timestamps correct. (3) AT_STATX_DONT_SYNC will suppress synchronisation with the server in a network filesystem. The resulting values should be considered approximate. mask is a bitmask indicating the fields in struct statx that are of interest to the caller. The user should set this to STATX_BASIC_STATS to get the basic set returned by stat(). It should be noted that asking for more information may entail extra I/O operations. buffer points to the destination for the data. This must be 256 bytes in size. ====================== MAIN ATTRIBUTES RECORD ====================== The following structures are defined in which to return the main attribute set: struct statx_timestamp { __s64 tv_sec; __s32 tv_nsec; __s32 __reserved; }; struct statx { __u32 stx_mask; __u32 stx_blksize; __u64 stx_attributes; __u32 stx_nlink; __u32 stx_uid; __u32 stx_gid; __u16 stx_mode; __u16 __spare0[1]; __u64 stx_ino; __u64 stx_size; __u64 stx_blocks; __u64 __spare1[1]; struct statx_timestamp stx_atime; struct statx_timestamp stx_btime; struct statx_timestamp stx_ctime; struct statx_timestamp stx_mtime; __u32 stx_rdev_major; __u32 stx_rdev_minor; __u32 stx_dev_major; __u32 stx_dev_minor; __u64 __spare2[14]; }; The defined bits in request_mask and stx_mask are: STATX_TYPE Want/got stx_mode & S_IFMT STATX_MODE Want/got stx_mode & ~S_IFMT STATX_NLINK Want/got stx_nlink STATX_UID Want/got stx_uid STATX_GID Want/got stx_gid STATX_ATIME Want/got stx_atime{,_ns} STATX_MTIME Want/got stx_mtime{,_ns} STATX_CTIME Want/got stx_ctime{,_ns} STATX_INO Want/got stx_ino STATX_SIZE Want/got stx_size STATX_BLOCKS Want/got stx_blocks STATX_BASIC_STATS [The stuff in the normal stat struct] STATX_BTIME Want/got stx_btime{,_ns} STATX_ALL [All currently available stuff] stx_btime is the file creation time, stx_mask is a bitmask indicating the data provided and __spares*[] are where as-yet undefined fields can be placed. Time fields are structures with separate seconds and nanoseconds fields plus a reserved field in case we want to add even finer resolution. Note that times will be negative if before 1970; in such a case, the nanosecond fields will also be negative if not zero. The bits defined in the stx_attributes field convey information about a file, how it is accessed, where it is and what it does. The following attributes map to FS_*_FL flags and are the same numerical value: STATX_ATTR_COMPRESSED File is compressed by the fs STATX_ATTR_IMMUTABLE File is marked immutable STATX_ATTR_APPEND File is append-only STATX_ATTR_NODUMP File is not to be dumped STATX_ATTR_ENCRYPTED File requires key to decrypt in fs Within the kernel, the supported flags are listed by: KSTAT_ATTR_FS_IOC_FLAGS [Are any other IOC flags of sufficient general interest to be exposed through this interface?] New flags include: STATX_ATTR_AUTOMOUNT Object is an automount trigger These are for the use of GUI tools that might want to mark files specially, depending on what they are. Fields in struct statx come in a number of classes: (0) stx_dev_*, stx_blksize. These are local system information and are always available. (1) stx_mode, stx_nlinks, stx_uid, stx_gid, stx_[amc]time, stx_ino, stx_size, stx_blocks. These will be returned whether the caller asks for them or not. The corresponding bits in stx_mask will be set to indicate whether they actually have valid values. If the caller didn't ask for them, then they may be approximated. For example, NFS won't waste any time updating them from the server, unless as a byproduct of updating something requested. If the values don't actually exist for the underlying object (such as UID or GID on a DOS file), then the bit won't be set in the stx_mask, even if the caller asked for the value. In such a case, the returned value will be a fabrication. Note that there are instances where the type might not be valid, for instance Windows reparse points. (2) stx_rdev_*. This will be set only if stx_mode indicates we're looking at a blockdev or a chardev, otherwise will be 0. (3) stx_btime. Similar to (1), except this will be set to 0 if it doesn't exist. ======= TESTING ======= The following test program can be used to test the statx system call: samples/statx/test-statx.c Just compile and run, passing it paths to the files you want to examine. The file is built automatically if CONFIG_SAMPLES is enabled. Here's some example output. Firstly, an NFS directory that crosses to another FSID. Note that the AUTOMOUNT attribute is set because transiting this directory will cause d_automount to be invoked by the VFS. [root@andromeda ~]# /tmp/test-statx -A /warthog/data statx(/warthog/data) = 0 results=7ff Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 1048576 directory Device: 00:26 Inode: 1703937 Links: 125 Access: (3777/drwxrwxrwx) Uid: 0 Gid: 4041 Access: 2016-11-24 09:02:12.219699527+0000 Modify: 2016-11-17 10:44:36.225653653+0000 Change: 2016-11-17 10:44:36.225653653+0000 Attributes: 0000000000001000 (-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---m---- --------) Secondly, the result of automounting on that directory. [root@andromeda ~]# /tmp/test-statx /warthog/data statx(/warthog/data) = 0 results=7ff Size: 4096 Blocks: 8 IO Block: 1048576 directory Device: 00:27 Inode: 2 Links: 125 Access: (3777/drwxrwxrwx) Uid: 0 Gid: 4041 Access: 2016-11-24 09:02:12.219699527+0000 Modify: 2016-11-17 10:44:36.225653653+0000 Change: 2016-11-17 10:44:36.225653653+0000 Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2017-02-24ceph: remove special ack vs commit behaviorIlya Dryomov
- ask for a commit reply instead of an ack reply in __ceph_pool_perm_get() - don't ask for both ack and commit replies in ceph_sync_write() - since just only one reply is requested now, i_unsafe_writes list will always be empty -- kill ceph_sync_write_wait() and go back to a standard ->evict_inode() Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Sage Weil <sage@redhat.com>
2017-02-20ceph: call update_dentry_lease even when r_locked dir is not setJeff Layton
We don't really require that the parent be locked in order to update the lease on a dentry. Lease info is protected by the d_lock. In the event that the parent is not locked in ceph_fill_trace, and we have both parent and target info, go ahead and update the dentry lease. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Yan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-02-20ceph: vet the target and parent inodes before updating dentry leaseJeff Layton
In a later patch, we're going to need to allow ceph_fill_trace to update the dentry's lease when the parent is not locked. This is potentially racy though -- by the time we get around to processing the trace, the parent may have already changed. Change update_dentry_lease to take a ceph_vino pointer and use that to ensure that the dentry's parent still matches it before updating the lease. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Yan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-02-20ceph: don't update_dentry_lease unless we actually got oneJeff Layton
This if block updates the dentry lease even in the case where the MDS didn't grant one. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Yan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-02-20ceph: add a new flag to indicate whether parent is lockedJeff Layton
struct ceph_mds_request has an r_locked_dir pointer, which is set to indicate the parent inode and that its i_rwsem is locked. In some critical places, we need to be able to indicate the parent inode to the request handling code, even when its i_rwsem may not be locked. Most of the code that operates on r_locked_dir doesn't require that the i_rwsem be locked. We only really need it to handle manipulation of the dcache. The rest (filling of the inode, updating dentry leases, etc.) already has its own locking. Add a new r_req_flags bit that indicates whether the parent is locked when doing the request, and rename the pointer to "r_parent". For now, all the places that set r_parent also set this flag, but that will change in a later patch. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Yan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-02-20ceph: convert bools in ceph_mds_request to a new r_req_flags fieldJeff Layton
Currently, we have a bunch of bool flags in struct ceph_mds_request. We need more flags though, but each bool takes (at least) a byte. Those add up over time. Merge all of the existing bools in this struct into a single unsigned long, and use the set/test/clear_bit macros to manipulate them. These are atomic operations, but that is required here to prevent load/modify/store races. The existing flags are protected by different locks, so we can't rely on them for that purpose. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Yan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-02-20ceph: drop session argument to ceph_fill_traceJeff Layton
Just get it from r_session since that's what's always passed in. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Yan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-02-20ceph: remove "Debugging hook" from ceph_fill_traceJeff Layton
Keeping around commented out code is just asking for it to bitrot and makes viewing the code under cscope more confusing. If we really need this, then we can revert this patch and put it under a Kconfig option. Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Yan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2017-02-20ceph: cleanup ACCESS_ONCE -> READ_ONCESeraphime Kirkovski
This removes the uses of ACCESS_ONCE in favor of READ_ONCE Signed-off-by: Seraphime Kirkovski <kirkseraph@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Yan, Zheng <zyan@redhat.com>
2017-01-18ceph: fix endianness bug in frag_tree_split_cmpJeff Layton
sparse says: fs/ceph/inode.c:308:36: warning: incorrect type in argument 1 (different base types) fs/ceph/inode.c:308:36: expected unsigned int [unsigned] [usertype] a fs/ceph/inode.c:308:36: got restricted __le32 [usertype] frag fs/ceph/inode.c:308:46: warning: incorrect type in argument 2 (different base types) fs/ceph/inode.c:308:46: expected unsigned int [unsigned] [usertype] b fs/ceph/inode.c:308:46: got restricted __le32 [usertype] frag We need to convert these values to host-endian before calling the comparator. Fixes: a407846ef7c6 ("ceph: don't assume frag tree splits in mds reply are sorted") Signed-off-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Sage Weil <sage@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Ilya Dryomov <idryomov@gmail.com>
2016-12-17Merge uncontroversial parts of branch 'readlink' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszeredi/vfs Pull partial readlink cleanups from Miklos Szeredi. This is the uncontroversial part of the readlink cleanup patch-set that simplifies the default readlink handling. Miklos and Al are still discussing the rest of the series. * git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszeredi/vfs: vfs: make generic_readlink() static vfs: remove ".readlink = generic_readlink" assignments vfs: default to generic_readlink() vfs: replace calling i_op->readlink with vfs_readlink() proc/self: use generic_readlink ecryptfs: use vfs_get_link() bad_inode: add missing i_op initializers